NASA/NOAA/Navy/Forest Service/USDA Cooperative Mission for DEEP Instrument

DEEP: Diurnal Earth Explorer ProbeNASA:

Instrument, Enhanced Telemetry, Data Processing, Science

NOAA:Launch Vehicle, Spacecraft (GOES), Data Analysis

Mission: Ocean, Land, and Atmosphere Science and ApplicationsDr. Jay Herman NASA PIDr. Wayne Esaias NASA Co-IDr. Charles McClain NASA Co-I

Dr. Christopher Brown NOAA/NESDIS Co-IDr. James Slusser USDA Colorado State Co-IDr. Greg Mitchell Scripps Inst. Oceanog.Dr. Al Riebau Forest Service Co-IDr. Curtiss Davis NRL Navy Co-I

• The goal is to formulate a multi-agency science and applications mission to solve outstanding science questions (e.g., Tropospheric Ozone) and to provide economically useful applications (e.g., Land and Ocean Productivity)

• The measurements will be tied closely to the regional and global modeling activities (e.g., Ocean tidal modeling – Navy and NOAA, Aerosol modeling – NASA and NOAA, Pollution Modeling - NOAA and EPA

• Instrument design will be based on a requirements diagram, freeing instrument designers from a preconceived technology (e.g., a filter spectroradiomter)

• We expect to use NASA engineers and instrument designers.

• What are the primary causes of change in the Earth system?• How does the Earth system respond to natural and human-induced changes?• Apply scientific and technical capabilities to enable the development of practical tools for public and private sector decisionmakers to accelerate the realization of economic and societal benefits.• How do ecosystems respond to and affect global environmental change and the carbon cycle? • What are the effects of regional pollution on the global atmosphere, and the effects of global chemical and climate changes on regional air quality?  DEEP will address these and other issues by coupling observed time-resolved small- scale phenomenon to large-scale processes observed from polar orbiting satellites using the some of the channels present on 3 major spacecraft instruments (TOMS, MODIS, and SeaWiFS), plus additional channels targeted at land and ocean applications.

Some Elements from Strategic Plan

The View from GOES-East

GOES centered at75oE 0oN is able to observe most of North America, all of Central and South America.

UV + Visible channels are ideal for observing oceans, coastal regions, volcanic activity, SO2

aerosol plumes, pollution, and ozone.

Pollution from cities rivers, and coastal areas will be clearly visible. We will see African dust and the South American biomass burning

DEEPDiurnal Earth Explorer Probe

18 Wavelengths310 to 905 nm

250 meter resolution2048 x 2048 pixels

Minute-hours temporal coverage

High ResolutionOcean ColorUV + Visible

SeaWiFS E-SEI

500 km

500 km

CHESAPEAKE BAY 250M vs 1KM

MODIS example of 250 meter resolution,Compared to 1 km resolution

Mexican Fires on May 16, 1998

UV and Visible Observations of Fires and Smoke Plumes, and to Characterize Particulates (particle size, refractive index, optical depth)

DEEP Hazard Observations

Smoke Aerosolsfrom UV channels

DEEP Simualtion of UV and Visible Channel Views of the Same Smoke EventAugust 16, 2000

TOMS UV

SeaWiFS Visible

Derive Aerosol PropertiesFrom UV + Visible

Selective Spectral Imaging in Cloud-Free Areasand Areas of Special Interest

250 meter resolution.2048 x 2048 pixels500 x 500 km coverageAerosols:

Smoke, Volcanic Ash,Dust, Pollution

SO2 - early detection of volcanosOzoneUV IrradianceOcean Color – Coastal (tidal) studies

chlorophyll and sedimentsharmful algal bloomscoastal currentsuv + visible

Cloud TransmissionFloods, Fires, other disasters

DEEP Extended Special Events Imager Channels 310nm – 905nm

Basic Design Drawing for DEEP

2048 x 2048 CCDTriana/EPIC part and electronics

Cassegrain Telescope Design

Filter Wheels

18 Candidate Wavelengths311.8 443313.2 490317 510325 555340 670388 750393.5 763405 870412 905

SO2

O3

Aerosol Raman O2-A, Aerosol

OceanColor Aerosol

AerosolOcean

H2O Column

Mission Concept:Acquire 250 meter resolution multi-spectral images in 18 wavelength

bands from the UV to the Near-IR (310 nm to 905 nm) from geostationary orbit to detect, quantify, and predict short-term variability for Earth-science research, and observe ephemeral phenomena.

Science Objectives:Investigate the response of marine and terrestrial ecosystems to

natural and anthropogenic incidents as well as long-term changes.1) Natural – Fire, Red Tide, Floods, Volcanoes, Ozone, Aerosols, SO2

2) Anthropogenic – Pollution, Oil Spills, Vegetation ChangesProposed Instrumentation:

UV to Near-IR filter wheel 2048x2048 pixel imaging radiometer with gimbaled telescope. High SNR achieved by temporal integration.

NOAA Proposed Launch:Rocket and satellite from NOAA as part of GOES-East mission.

NASA Cost:$60 Million (Instrument, Telemetry, Data System, Science)

DEEP Mission Concept

DEEP

Channels 310nm – 905nm

The mission is to be a joint NOAA/NASA project to place a high spatial resolution pointing imager using 20 wavelength bands into geostationary orbit over the east coast of the United States. From this orbital location, the imager would be able to view selected sites from the middle of Canada to the southern tip of South America. The object of the mission is to both monitor geophysical events and to produce cutting edge science based on the unique properties of this instrument (250 meter resolution, point on command, and 20 combined visible and UV channels).

Science Goals:1) Oceans: To observe ocean and coastal areas to produce ocean color data that

reveal tidal and diurnal variations of absorption and reflection features at high spatial resolution. Observing the higher frequency variation of dissolved and suspended organic matter in the water will be a unique data product having direct bearing on the carbon cycle problem as well as aquatic health issues (e.g., Harmful Algal Blooms, tanker spills, etc). Combining the UV and visible observations will permit separating the different classes of absorbing materials in a way that cannot be done with visible wavelengths alone.

2) Atmosphere: To observe the plumes of aerosols that originate from fires (smoke and soot), volcanic ash, dust, and industrial pollution (e.g., sulfate aerososl). At the same time, observe ozone amounts and the perturbations caused by pollution in the troposphere. The UV channels can be used to observe SO2 emanating from known volcanic areas prior to and during volcanic eruptions with the goal of possibly predicting regions needing ground observations.

E-SEI Extended Special Events Imager

3) UV Irradiance: It will be possible to determine the hourly amount of UV radiation for various critical regions such as urban areas and within the water for biologically active coastal areas. Changes in UV amounts for these areas have health implications for both humans directly and for the ecosystem. By having both UV and visible channels the reduction of UV caused by the presence of clouds, ozone, and aerosols can be determined.

4) Disaster Areas: The high resolution color images will allow the space monitoring of flood and fire regions for wide areas of the US and other countries during all daylight hours.

5) Vegetation: The standard vegetation index algorithms can be used to asses the effects of drought and rainfall on agricultural and wild areas (e.g., forest and grasslands). In addition, channels for chlorophyll fluorescence are used to enhance sensitivity to short-term changes in plant growth and health.

Unique Features:UV + Visible from Geostationary orbitDiurnal variationAbility to point at areas of interestStare-mode to improve the signal to noise capability and permit observation of small effects. This is important for ocean properties and SO2 observations.