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NASA/NSTA Web Seminar:
Living and Working in Space: Energy
LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP
Thursday, February 1, 2007
7:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern time
Providing Energy for Space Systems
Steven E. JohnsonUnited Space Alliance, LLC ISS Flight ControllerNASA Johnson Space Center
Copyright © 2007 by United Space Alliance, LLC. These materials are sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Contract NAS9-20000 and Contract NNJ06VA01C. The U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in such materials to reproduce, prepare, derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the U.S. Government. All other rights are reserved by the
copyright owner.
Who I Am
• Originally from Indiana, currently in Texas
• BS in Electrical Engineering from Purdue University
• International Space Station (ISS) Flight Controller since 2000
• Work in Mission Control Center (MCC), Houston, TX
What I Do
• ISS is ‘flown’ from MCC, not from a ‘cockpit’
• Flight Controllers monitor data sent down from ISS and send up commands to ISS
• Commands to ISS manipulate systems, turn equipment on/off, and change operational functions
• Almost all failures on board ISS are assessed, troubleshot, and recovered by Flight Controllers in MCC
Today’s Learning Objectives
After reviewing the presentation, participants will: – List the three types of spacecraft power
systems.
– State advantages and disadvantages of spacecraft power system types
– Identify the type of power system theoretical spacecraft should employ
Spacecraft Power System Options
Voyager
Galileo Ulysses
Cassini at Saturn
Viking on
Mars&
Nuclear Solar Energy Storage
Nuclear PowerEvaluation
Nuclear Power Advantages– Provides a very long-term energy
source
– Allows independent space system operation
– Solar pointing system not required
– Currently the only viable option for non-solar missions longer than ~2 weeks and missions traveling beyond Mars
Nuclear PowerEvaluation
Nuclear Power Disadvantages– Low power capability
– Expensive
– Requires custom-built system for each application
Apollo
SpaceShuttle
Spacecraft Power System Options
&
Nuclear Solar Energy Storage
Energy StorageEvaluation
Energy Storage Advantages–Allows independent space
system operation
–Solar pointing system not required
Energy StorageEvaluation
Energy Storage Disadvantages– Limited mission duration
– Requires custom-built system for each application
– Fuel Cell systems produce by products (water) which must be stored/dumped
Solar PowerEvaluation
Solar Power Advantages– Unlimited energy supply
– Modular
– Established manufacturing base
– Cost effective
Solar PowerEvaluation
Solar Power Disadvantages– Requires a significant illumination
source
– Most solar-powered space systems require additional energy storage (battery) systems
– Most free-flight systems are dependant on a vehicle control system to point the spacecraft and/or solar arrays
ISS Facts
How long does it take for the ISS to go around the Earth one time?
30 minutes 90 minutes 3 hours 8 hours
http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/home/index.html
The ISS can be seen from Earth without a telescope
Theoretical Application 1
• Engineering is developing a small free-ranging robotic device to operate outside of the ISS.
• The device will need to
– Operate for 6 hours
– Have 12 Volt video, photograph, and control systems
Nuclear Solar Energy Storage
Theoretical Application 2
• A space system is required to investigate Jupiter’s moon Io
• The system will be launched on an unmanned rocket
• The system will operate for 6 years or more
• The system will perform scientific research using sensors, cameras, and sample collectors
Nuclear Solar Energy Storage
Theoretical Application 3
• A mission has been requested for sun surface observation and space environment sensing
• The spacecraft will need to – Orbit the sun for 10+ years– Observe the sun with video
and radiation detection equipment
– Sense space weather events
Nuclear Solar Energy Storage
SpacecraftPowerSystemOptions
Solar NuclearEnergyStorage
Energy Systems 101: SummaryPowering Spacecraft
National Science Teachers AssociationGerry Wheeler, Executive Director
Frank Owens, Associate Executive Director Conferences and Programs
Al Byers, Assistant Executive Director e-Learning
LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP
NSTA Web SeminarsFlavio Mendez, Program Manager
Jeff Layman, Technical CoordinatorSusan Hurstcalderone, Volunteer Chat Moderator