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Naser Farid Director General, FPMU, MoFDM
Presented at the Seminar on Agriculture – Nutrition LinkagesHosted by World Fish Centre on behalf of CGIAR
18 April 2012
Poverty, Nutrition and Food consumption Key Considerations - Policy Framework Prioritizing and Financing
Where is poverty declining ?Where is poverty declining ? Upper and hardcore (lower) poverty declined nation wide Poverty declined more in urban areas than in rural areas Hardcore poverty reduced by almost ½ in urban and ¼ in rural areas
Source: BBS, HIES 2010
Poverty, especially hardcore poverty is concentrating on rural areas: development interventions should be distributed accordingly
Quintile H/A % < - 2SDSTUNTING
W/H % < - 2 SD WASTING
W/A % < - 2SD UNDERWEIGHT
Lowest 53.7 17.5 50.3
Second 45.4 16.2 41.6
Middle 40.7 17.7 36.0
Fourth 35.9 13.6 27.5
Highest 25.7 12.1 20.9
-2.00
-1.75
-1.50
-1.25
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60
Age (months)
Wei
ght f
or a
ge Z
-sco
re (N
CH
S)
Latin America and CaribbeanAfricaAsia
Repositioning Nutrition, 2006
Source/Year
Energy intake (kcal)
Cereal (g) En %
Rice (g)En %
HIES 2005 2238452
70%
440
68%
HIES 2010 2318442
66%
416
64%
Bangladesh is an exemplary case of a consistent and long term effort to put in place a comprehensive framework for food and nutrition security policies and investments in line with the Paris Declaration on aid effectiveness and Rome Principles on sustainable food security
• Building on the existing policy framework and institutional setting to guide CIP formulation, implementation and monitoring in a coherent and sustainable manner
Key considerations – Policy framework
A comprehensive framework for food security interventions
encompassing• Availability: Adequate and stable supply of safe and nutritious food• Access: Increased purchasing power and access to food by the poor through safety nets• Nutrition: for all individuals, especially women and children
Approved in August 2006 as result of a policy process started in 1999 at the Development Forum in Paris after the 1998 flood
Bangladesh has been an early adopter of the comprehensive approach to food security through the formulation of the
National Food Policy
The Policy Framework: the National Food Policy
Elaborated through a widely consultative process, approved in
2008 and launched in 2009 consists of:
26 areas of intervention and 314 actions providing
a comprehensive, long-term (2008-2015)
framework for: Coordinating government interventions on food security:
policies and investments Aligning development support to national priorities in line
with Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness Regularly monitoring progress toward food security in line
with MDG1 Identifying needs for investments
The Policy Framework: the Policy Plan of Action (2008-2015)
Responding to L’Aquila Initiative and in line with the 5 Rome Principles, the CIP was Approved on 14 June 2010 following the Bangladesh Food Security Forum; updated 20 March 2011. Translates the policy frameworks in a comprehensive set of 12 priority investment programmes and aims at
• convergence and alignment of domestic and external funding• mobilizing additional resources:Bangladesh qualified as first Asian country receiving a grant under the Global FSF for US $ 52.5 million
The revised CIP, based on extensive consultation, incorporates over 400 projects of which 146 ongoing (for US$ 3.036 billion) and 262 in pipeline (for US$ 4.945 billion of which US$ 3.299 billion are priority).
The Country Investment Plan
CIP = Government’s investment plan for Food Security, Agril and Nutition-a living document
One umbrella for the key investment requirements to develop agriculture, and improve food and nutrition security
Prioritize, harmonize, and build on existing documents: NFP-PoA, sector programmes Sixth 5-Yr plan, ADP, MTBF, PRSP-II
Integrate and coordinate actions for food security and nutrition
Harmonize development partner (DP) activities with the CIP
Mobilize more financial resources from:◦ Government budget resources◦ Private investment◦ international sources
Component Programme (financing gaps are in million $)Funds
requiredtotal priorit
y
Food Availability
1. Sustainable and diversified agriculture through integrated research and extension 644 470
2. Improved water management and infrastructure for irrigation purposes 892 607
3. Improved quality of input and soil fertility 232 1704. Fisheries and aquaculture development 356 2125. Livestock development, with a focus on poultry
and dairy production 775 440
FoodAccess
6. Improved access to market, value addition in agriculture and non farm incomes 635 368
7. Strengthened capacities for implementation and monitoring of NFP and CIP actions 99 69
8. Enhanced public food management system 293 2129. Institutional Development and Capacity
Development for more effective safety nets 472 340
FoodUtilization
10. Community based nutrition programmes and services 347 309
11. Orient food and nutrition actions through data 21 1312. Food safety and quality improvement 180 90COUNTRY INVESTMENT FINANCING 4,946 3,299
Diets are often low in quantity, quality and variety (hunger and micro-nutrient deficiencies) Increased production of staple foods is not sufficient Need to ensure local availability and access of the right mix of
foods in all seasons The food and agriculture sector is responsible for food and
nutrition security GoB considers agriculture, food security and nutrition as
major priorities Consumers must be informed through mainstreaming BCC Collaboration must be established with: (a) social protection
programmes to support the poorest and (b) with health, agriculture, food & multi sectors/programmes
Programme 10. Community based nutrition programmes and services OP 17 - National Nutrition Services (NNS): 233 M USD
•OP 3 - Community Based Health Care (CIP costing includes 16,5% of its cost, i.e 52.9 M USD): including services such as de-worming, provision of vitamin A capsule, iron-folic tablets, …
•OP 7 -Non-Communicable Diseases Control (12.8%, 9.46 M USD) : such as diabetes, heart diseases … related to food consumption and nutrition.
•OP 18 - Maternal, Reproductive and Adolescent health (16.9 %, 21.76 M USD): essential service packages
•OP 23 - Information, Education and Communication – IEC (19.4%, 3.35 M USD): health and nutrition & family planning.
Programme 11: Orient food and nutrition actions through data
•OP 13 - Planning, Monitoring and Research (DGHS)
Expected outcome : Community nutrition improvement is supported by strengthened National Nutrition Services (NNS)
Proposed focus & priority interventions : CBNP linked to NNS that deliver a package of basic health and nutrition services/activities including micronutrient supplementation, BCC, antenatal care
Support community based efforts of HG, horticulture, small livestock, fisheries and BCC for improved nutrition
Link long-term with immediate treatment of acute malnutrition in particular through therapeutic and supplementary feeding and BCC focus on maternal and young child nutrition
Additional considerations: Multi sectoral collaboration, synergies with SUN framework, REACH, Project Laser Beam and MDG –F programme
Expected outcome: Effective information supports planning, monitoring and evaluation of food security policies and interventions
Proposed focus and priority interventions Comprehensive national nutrition survey including food
consumption and update food composition tables to inform policy and programmes
Dietary diversification and supplementation needs and develop advocacy, awareness and educational materials to facilitate BCC
Strengthen national capacities in survey techniques and analysis and facilitate evidence based decisions for policy
Additional considerations: MoHFW – Lead ministry with strong multi sectoral collaboration and coordination (MoA, MoFDM, MoF&LS, MoSc& CT)
Where Type of activity
Impact on Nutrition? WHY DID IT WORK?
Nepal, Cambodia, Bangladesh, Philippines
Homestead Food Production
Total of 3-4 times greater diversity of food produced in intervention areas
Decrease in Child Anemia from 63.9% to 45.2% in Bangladesh
Decrease in anemia among non-pregnant mothers by 26% in Nepal and 12% in Bangladesh
Common Elements: Strong nutrition education componentWomen Centered Approach Other Factors (not across all programs): Training on agricultural techniquesSmall animal husbandry included (with access to veterinary care)Inclusion of activities focused on food storage and preparation
Tanzania, Thailand
Home Gardens Intake of Vitamin A rich foods 50% greater in intervention areas (Tanzania)
Serum retinol levels increased from school girls in intervention area (Thailand)
Philippines
Home Gardens Increase by 12% in amount of Vitamin A rich foods consumed
Stunting decreased from 50% to 40%
Taiwan School Garden Garden produced 58% of daily Vitamin A requirement and 285% of Vitamin C requirement for 10 year old child
Vietnam Community Garden
Reduced prevalence f children with Vitamin A deficiency from 14% to 10%.
[1] Brun et al. 1991 from “From Agriculture to Nutrition” [2] Asian Vegetable Research and Development Centre (AVRDC) program[3] Hop, Le Thi. Programs to Improve Production and Consumption of Animal Source Foods and Malnutrition in Vietnam
Successful implementation of the CIP requires
- A concerted effort by GOB and DPs in mainstreaming CIP into their respective
• Planning process• Resource allocation
- Committment by all partners to reinforce and make operational the existing institutional setting for the CIP implementation and monitoring: active engagement is needed from Government Agencies and Development Partners in close consultation with CSO/NGO and private sector
- An additional effort in resource mobilization by government and development partners
Way Forward