National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Space Life and Physical Sciences Research
and Applications (SLPSRA)
Biliyar Bhat
Francis Chiaramonte
Michael SanSoucie
Louise Strutzenberg
Shawn Reagan
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20190032395 2020-03-28T18:53:12+00:00Z
Craig Kundrot – DirectorDiane Malarik – Deputy Director Brad Carpenter – Chief Scientist
Craig Kundrot – DirectorDiane Malarik – Deputy Director Brad Carpenter – Chief Scientist
Space Life and Physical Sciences Research and Applications Division (SLPSRA) Organizational Structure
PHYSICAL SCIENCESDeVon Griffin – Pgm Mgr
Brad Carpenter – Sr Pgm SciFran Chiaramonte – Pgm Sci
PHYSICAL SCIENCESDeVon Griffin – Pgm Mgr
Brad Carpenter – Sr Pgm SciFran Chiaramonte – Pgm Sci
SPACE BIOLOGYNicki Rayl – Pgm Mgr
David Tomko – Pgm SciAnthony Hickey (c)
SPACE BIOLOGYNicki Rayl – Pgm Mgr
David Tomko – Pgm SciAnthony Hickey (c)
HUMAN RESEARCHStephen Davison – Pgm Exec
HUMAN RESEARCHStephen Davison – Pgm Exec
ISSPO(JSC/OZ/OB)
George Nelson (OZ)TBD (HQ)
ISSPO(JSC/OZ/OB)
George Nelson (OZ)TBD (HQ)
HRP PGM OFFICE(JSC)
William Paloski – HRP Director(direct report to HEO AA)
HRP PGM OFFICE(JSC)
William Paloski – HRP Director(direct report to HEO AA)
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTISTJim Green – NASA Chief Scientist
Tara Ruttley – Assoc. Chief Sci. Microg. (d)
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SCIENTISTJim Green – NASA Chief Scientist
Tara Ruttley – Assoc. Chief Sci. Microg. (d)
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF HEALTH AND MEDICAL OFFICER
Victor Schneider – Pgm Exec
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF HEALTH AND MEDICAL OFFICER
Victor Schneider – Pgm Exec
RESOURCE MGMT OFFICERenee Leck – RMO Lead Analyst
Judy Jackson – Lead Analyst
RESOURCE MGMT OFFICERenee Leck – RMO Lead Analyst
Judy Jackson – Lead Analyst
GRC, MSFC, JPL ARC, KSC JSC, GRC, ARC, LaRC
SLPSRA Organization at NASA Headquarters
r I I I I I I I
- - -I- - - -
I ~==================::::; L---
- -. .... - - -1
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Level 2
Director: Craig Kundrot Administrative Assistant: Erin Welshans (c)
Deputy Director: Diane Malarik Partnership Consultant: Mike Marge (c)
Chief Scientist: Brad Carpenter Documentation Team Lead: Kaley Williams (c)
Life Scientist: Ruth Siboni SharePoint Development Lead: Joseph Burg
(c)
Partnerships: Doug Gruendel Schedule & Risk Mgmt : Matt Cunningham (c)
Partnerships: Lisa Carnell Communications: Gamble Gilbertson (c)
Communications: Julie Lele (c)
Technical Writer: Courtney Sexton (c)
Level 3
Level 1
Space BiologyProgram Manager: Nicki Rayl
Program Scientist: David Tomko
Deputy Program Scientist: Kevin Sato (d)
Support Scientist: Anthony Hickey
Physical Sciences: Program Manager: DeVon Griffin
Program Scientist: Fran Chiaramonte
Program Scientist: Brad Carpenter
KSCBryan Onate
Howard Levine
ARC
Paresh
Bhavsar*
Marianne Sowa*
JPL
Ulf Israelsson
Nan Yu
MSFC
Shawn Reagan
Mike SanSoucie*
Louise
Strutzenberg*
GRC
Kelly Bailey
David Urban
*ActingL4 = Project Managers and Project Scientists
Biological and Physical Sciences (BPS) Organization Structure
Fluid Physics
• Adiabatic two-phase
flow
• Boiling and
condensation
• Capillary flow
• Interfacial phenomena
• Cryogenic storage and
handling
Complex Fluids
• Colloids
• Liquid crystals
• Foams
• Gels
• Granular flows
Fundamental Physics
• Cold Atom Physics
• Quantum Entanglement
• Properties of Quantum Matter
• Precision Measurements
• Complex Plasmas
• Many-Body Systems
Combustion Science
• Spacecraft fire safety
• Droplets
• Gaseous – premixed and
non-premixed
• Supercritical reacting fluids
• Solid fuels
Biophysics
• Biological macromolecules
• Biomaterials
• Biological physics
• Fluids for biology
Materials Science
• Glasses and ceramics
• Granular materials
• Metals
• Polymers and organics
• Semiconductors
NASA SLPSRA Gravity-Dependent
Physical Sciences Research
Physical Science Research Areas
Physical Sciences Research Program
Physical Science Informatics
ISS Data Ii-om Completed Expennents in the Tradliollilllll
Physical Sciences Prog, a ••
Results
Ground-based NRA Grants
Applications for Industry and Government
Outcomes: ❖ Global access to cutting-edge research data
Enableellplondion PiOIN!el" scientilic discovery aid Ea1h Benefits
expennerrtsor other"c.-riers
Programmatic Review
❖ Fuel innovation & discovery leading to increased economic growth ❖ Acceleration from ideas to research to products
❖ Enhancement and verification of numerical and analytical models ❖ Increased products, patents, and publications
❖ Advancement of fundamental research
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Materials Science & Biophysics Research
(MSFC)
Microgravity Materials Science Community
• More than 40 current Grants and
activities
• International Partners including:
• International collaborators
including:‒ Austria
‒ Belgium
‒ Canada
‒ Germany
‒ Japan
‒ Russia
‒ South Korea7
Group photo during an ISS-EML International
Working Group (IWG) meeting in Cologne,
Germany
An Astronaut performing protein crystal growth
experiments on the ISS.
esa
C cnes CENTRE NATIONAL D'ETUDES SPATIALES
MSFC ISS Physical Sciences Research
8
Exploded view of the Microgravity Materials Science Research Rack (MSRR) showing ESA’s Furnace Module Insert and Sample Cartridge Assembly, Two Furnace Inserts (LGF and SQF) at right.
Pore Formation and Mobility(PFMI)
Solidification Using a Baffle in SealedAmpoules (SUBSA)
JAXA ElectrostaticLevitation Furnace
Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG)
Observation and Analysis of SmecticIslands In Space (OASIS)
Light Microscopy Module (LMM)
MSL/LGF Sample Cartridge Assembly (SCA)
Expedite the Processing ofExperiments to Space Station
(EXPRESS)
Materials Science Research
• A large variety of Materials Science research is either recently
completed, ongoing or planned on ISS
‒ Solidification Microstructures
• Isothermal Processes
‒ CSLM, GEDS, FAMIS
• Directional Solidification and Freeze Casting
‒ SETA, CETSOL, MICAST, DECLIC DSI, FC1, FC2, SM1, SM2
‒ Crystal and Formation and Growth
‒ GTCS, Chemical Gardens
‒ Infrastructure Materials and Processes in Microgravity
• MICS (cement), BRAINS (brazing), soldering
‒ Thermophysical Properties research
• ESA Electromagnetic levitator (ISS-EML)
• JAXA Electrostatic Levitation Furnace (ELF)
• Low to near zero fluid flow in levitated samples in microgravity
• Measurements of density, specific heat, surface tension, and
viscosity
‒ On metals, semiconductors, oxides, and glasses
• Current ISS-EML experiments with US involvement: ELFSTONE,
ICOPROSOL, PARSEC, THERMOLAB, QUASI, USTIP
• Current ELF experiment: Modeling and Simulation of
Electrostatically Levitated Multiphase Liquid Drops
‒ Goal: measure the interfacial tension between molten iron and
slag. The results of the project could help with more efficient
production of higher quality steel
• 6 Planned ELF experiments: Thermophysical Properties and
Solidification
Succinonitrile (SCN) – 0.5 wt% camphor
dendritic array from DECLIC-DSIR
FeCrNi austenitic steel casting alloy deeply
undercooled with rapid solidification of primary
ferrite and subsequent conversion to secondary
austenite.
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Biophysics Research
• An example of biophysics research is
protein crystal growth (PCG).
• Microgravity missions have shown that
crystals of some proteins (and other
complex biological molecules such as
viruses) grown on orbit are larger and
have fewer defects than those grown on
Earth.
10
Lysozyme crystals grown on ISS during ops in
July 2018/ Returned on SpaceX-15.
PCG hardware used in space.
• The improved data from the space-
grown crystals significantly enhance
scientists’ understanding of the
protein’s structure and this
information can be used to support
structure-based drug design.
• Our materials research programs
study materials with these
applications:
‒ Semiconductors
‒ Welding
‒ Casting
‒ Alloy development
‒ Glass processing
‒ New materials for optical devices,
lasers, and photonics
‒ New materials needed for extreme
environments (i.e. space or
celestial surfaces)
• Our PCG research efforts are
focused on understanding:
‒ The physics of improved protein
crystal quality in microgravity
‒ Establishing protocols for setting up
and optimizing crystallization
experiments on ISS.
‒ High quality crystals can be used to
help develop new pharmaceuticals.
Exploration & Earth Benefits From Research
11
Microgravity solidified Al-7% Si alloy shows a uniform dendritic network
Higher TemperatureGreater Efficiency
Longer Life
An aluminum-7wt% silicon sample
directionally solidified on the ISS. The
applications of this science are
solidification castings that are used in gas
turbine “jet” engines.
Bulk Metallic Glasses (BMG’s) are
a new class of materials being
studied on ISS. These materials
have many exciting properties, for
example they do not get brittle in
extreme cold.
( Apply Microgravity
Gained Knowledge
)
Summary
• Ongoing and near-term operations on ISS
including:
‒ ESA ISS-EML
‒ JAXA ELF
‒ MSRR
‒ Glovebox
‒ SUBSA
‒ CNES DECLIC
‒ PCG & Biofilms
• Opportunities
‒ SLPSRA conducted a joint Materials Science
Workshop with ISS National Laboratory at the
ISS R&D conference in Atlanta, July 29 –
August 1, 2019.
‒ A NASA Research Announcement (NRA) is
anticipated in 2020.
12
Electrostatic Levitation Furnace
(ELF)
Materials Science
Research Rack (MSRR)
ground unit.
Sample Cartridge ELF installation image in the MSPR wo,k Volume
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Combustion Science
(GRC)
Microgravity Combustion Science
• NASA has had an active combustion
science program in microgravity since
the 1970s
‒ Ground-based drop towers (2.2 and 5.2
sec drop towers at GRC) and aircraft
‒ Space-based sounding rocket, Space
Shuttle and Mir OS
• The microgravity combustion science
program focusses on:
‒ Fundamental combustion science
(microgravity as a laboratory environment
that simplifies combustion experiments)
‒ Spacecraft fire safety
• On-going experiments on the ISS
‒ Combustion Integrated Rack (CIR)
‒ Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG)
• Significant historical and on-going
international collaborations
‒ JAXA, ESA, ASI, KARI
14
CIR - Cool Flames
• Discovery during droplet combustion experiments in CIR
‒ Droplet continues to burn with low temperature flame after hot flame extinguishes
• Low Temperature Chemistry is one of the most important areas in combustion science as it controls ignition and flame stability in all practical combustors
• Study of this chemistry in a steady flame system had been thought to be impossible
• A truly serendipitous discovery that we can stabilize cool flames in low-g
• This has revived interest in the topic in numerous ground-based laboratories
15
0 20 40 mm 60 80 0 10 mm 20 30
16
14
30 12
"T1 a;
10 3 -- Ill .. Q e 20 Ill e 8 3 Ill
N ;-0 ...
6 3 3
4 10
2
0 0
0 10 20 30
Time (sec)
Spacecraft Fire Safety and Flammability
in Low-Gravity
Material flammability depends on the ambient
flow
Air flow provides oxygen but also cools the
flame
In 1-g, the flame determines the flow by
buoyancy (natural convection) …
… but the material can burn at a lower flow and at
a lower oxygen concentration
Drop tower tests for various materials have
shown that the oxygen mole fraction decrease
could be between 0.02 and 0.06 by volume
depending on the material
• Similarly, some materials show increased
flammability at partial gravity
16
----------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------
Flow speed (cm/s)
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
1 100
Flammable
Not Flammable
1-g
buoyant
flow limit
Typical Flammability Boundary for a Solid Fuel
Oxyg
en
Fra
cti
on
(or g-level)
Oxyg
en
Fra
cti
on
(or g-level)
.... --.,,,,,.- ' 2 cm
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Fluid Physics
(GRC)
Fluid Physics Program Overview
Current Work:
‒ On the ISS, we utilize the Pack-Bed Reactor (PBRE) experiments (operating FY20) in the
Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG)
• Science based – two phase flow through porous media
• Technology based – in support of MSFC’s water reclamation
‒ On the ISS, we are also utilizing the Maintenance Work Area (MWA) for Plant Water
Management in support KSC
‒ In development
• For the FIR, Flow Boiling and Condensation (FBCE-FBM, CM-HT, CFV) (operating Late
FY20)
• For the MSG, Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) (FY23)
• Additional Zero Boil Off Tank Experiments (Non-Condensibles, Active Cooling)
• With ESA, a Multiphase Flow Heat Transfer (MFHT) experiment.
New Work
‒ SLPSRA Fluid Physics Workshop in support of Exploration Technologies (October 2019)
- FBCE Ground Unit
- ZBOT Tank Transfer & Fluid Transfer
- FBC Modules defined in part by October Workshop
18
Zero Boil-Off Tank (ZBOT) Experiments• Feasibility of imminent Lunar & future Mars Missions depend largely on successful
implementation of ZBO Cryogenic Tank Pressure Control for propellant storage &
transfer. Estimates for LH2 on 2% loss per day.
• ZBO brings significant cost saving through payload mass reduction but is
complicated to design due to complex two phase fluid/heat transfer.
• The Zero Boil Off Tank (ZBOT) Experiments use small-scale simulant-fluid tests
aboard the ISS to study the underlying fluid physics of tank pressurization &
pressure control in order to optimize in-orbit propellant storage & transfer
processes.
19
ZBOT-1: Self-Pressurization & Jet Mixing (2017)
o Self-Pressurization, Thermal stratification, 0G boiling
o Jet Mixing/Cooling, Thermal destratification, Ullage-Jet
dynamics
ZBOT-NC: Effect of Non-Condensable Gases (2022)
o NC effect on self-pressurization / stratification
o NC effect on pressure control / destratification
o Condensation suppression, Marangoni convection
ZBOT-AC: Active Cooling Pressure Control (2025)
o Droplet Spray Bar (TVS) Cooling
o Broad Area Cooling (BAC)
ZBOT-FT: Tank Transfer
o Utilize simulant-fluid to study tank chilldown and transfer.
o NASA effort with industry.
ZBOT-FT: Filling & Transfer
o Joint effort with DLR
oCryogenic experiment for tank to tank chilldown and
transfer.
Droplet
Injection
Fluid Physics Experiments
LH2, LOX, LCh4 Propellant and Life Support Fluids Storage & Transfer
Tank Chilldown & Filling
Pressurization Liquid Acquisition Devices (LADs)
Noncondesable Gas Effects
Cooling
N R C
D E C A D
Flow Boiling & Condensation (FBC) Test Bed
20
FBCE FSMU
FBCE FSML
FBCE BHM
FBCE Test Module
FBCE Test ModuleMicrochannel Heat Exchanger
(condenser &/or evaporator)
FBCE Test ModuleLine Chilldown
FBCE-FBM: Flow Boiling Module (2020)
o Critical Heat Flux Measurements and flow
visualization in rectangular channel
FBCE-CMHT: Condensation Module Heat Transfer
(2020)
o Heat transfer measurements inside a highly
instrumented cylindrical tube.
FBCE-GIU: Ground Integration Unit (2020)
o Troubleshooting during FBCE operations
o Integrated system testing and verification for follow-
on test modules
FBCE-CMFV: Condensation Module Heat Transfer
(2021)
o Flow visualization of condensation on the exterior of
a tube
Transfer Line Chilldown
Microchannel Heat Exchanger
Thermal Bus: Parallel Evaporators
Spray Cooling
• Two-phase systems have been identified as a technology candidate for
thermal management systems. Benefits include:
– the ability to acquire and transfer heat while maintaining a constant
temperature
– the advantage of latent heat transfer to minimize pumping requirements
• The Flow Boiling & Condensation Experiment is a series of modules that
provide thermally conditioned flows of a volatile test fluid and includes the
ability to vaporize and condense the test fluid. Test sections are
interchangeable and can be highly instrumented. Flows can be visualized
and recorded with high speed cameras.
Expansion
Valves
Condenser
Evapora
tors
Compres
sor /
Pump
FBCE Test ModuleSpray NozzleHeater
FBCE Test Module
Evaporator #1
Evaporator #2
(Mason, NASA/GRC,
2002)
10
10
- Brayton (CBC) - Ranklne (R) - Stirling (FPS) - Thet"mlonlc:: (TI)
100 Power(kWe)
Thet'moelec:trlc:: (TE)
1000
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Complex Fluids
(GRC)
Complex Fluids Program overview
Current Work:
‒ On the ISS we utilize the FIR Light Microscopy Module (LMM)
• Currently operating LMMBio’s final experiment and working on 9 more Advanced
Colloids Experiment (ACE) modules for the last 5 PI’s.
‒ Working with ESA Fluid Science Lab (FSL)
• Compaction of Granular Materials (Compgran),
• Foam Optics and Mechanics (FOAM)
• PArticle STAbilised Emulsions and Foams (PASTA)
‒ In development, Liquid Crystal Facility (LCF)
• LCF - Film: reuses the Observation and Analysis of Smectic Islands in Space (OASIS) in
the MSG
• LCF – Bulk: evaluate microscope options for experiment concepts
22
23
Liquid Crystal Facility (LCF)
Objective:• Studies the liquid crystal nucleation and growth, and kinetics of gelation phase separation
at different temperatures and temperature gradients.
• Studies of structures and dynamics of many different and new composites of liquid crystal
materials to improve liquid crystal displays and state of the art electro-optics devices in
consumer electronic industries. New physical phenomena related to liquid crystal
formation and 2D fluid dynamics
• Investigate the self assembly of colloidal disks under an applied electric field.
• Study of ferromagnetic fluid phases and crystallization of magnetic nano-plates in colloidal
suspensions that manifest distinctive interaction effects with externally modulated
magnetic field.
Experimental Approach:• Study bulk liquid crystals and thin films using several samples.
• Control variables:
• Sample Concentrations (Material properties),
• Magnetic Field (0-100G, 0-1000 Hz),
• Temperature (0-90C),
• Electric Field (90V, 0-10 kHz).
• Chamber Gas Pressure (0-300 kPa),
• Droplet Dispensing (0-1000 drops/sec).
• Diagnostics:
• Microscopic video (30 fps),
• Environmental sensor data.
Relevance/Impact:• Liquid crystal based composite materials for smart materials.
• Rational design of high performance liquid crystal smart materials.
• Micro electronic devices of nano and microstructure fabrication for advanced opto-
electronics.
Project Development Approach:• Reuse Observation and Analysis of Smectic Islands in Space (OASIS) as appropriate.
Electric field ordering and relaxation.
• Various OASIS films under macroscopic view
• Sedimentation effects due to gravity in nanoplates (tleft).
• Thermal gradient experiment (right).
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Backup
List of Acronyms
• ASI: Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
• BRAINS: BRAzing of Aluminum Alloys IN Space
• CETSOL: Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Solidification Processing
• CNES: National Centre for Space Studies
• CSLM: Coarsening in Solid Liquid Mixtures
• DECLIC - DSI: DEvice for the study of Critical LIquids and Crystallization - Directional Solidification Insert
• DLR: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
• ELFSTONE: Electromagnetic Levitation Flight Support for Transient Observation of Nucleation Events
• ESA: European Space Agency
• FAMIS: The Fabrication of Amorphous Metallic Glass in Space
• FC: Freeze Casting
• GEDS: Gravitational Effects on Distortion and Sintering
• GTCS: Crystal Growth of Ternary Compound Semiconductors
• ICOPROSOL: Thermophysical properties and solidification behavior of undercooled Ti-Zr-Ni liquids showing an icosahedral short-
range order
• JAXA: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
• KARI: Korea Aerospace Research Institute
• MICAST: Microstructure Formation in Casting of Technical Alloys under Diffusive and Magnetically Controlled Convective
Conditions
• MICS: Microgravity Investigation of Cement Solidification
• MSRR: Materials Science Research Rack
• PARSEC: Peritectic Alloy Rapid Solidification with Electromagnetic Convection
• SETA: Solidification Along an Eutectic Path in Ternary Alloys
• SUBSA: Solidification Using a Baffle in Sealed Ampoules
• SM: Solidification Microstructure
• THERMOLAB: Thermophysical Properties of Liquid Metallic Alloys – Modeling of Industrial Solidification Processes and
Development of Advanced Products
• USTIP: Unified Support for THERMOLAB, ICOPROSOL, and PARSEC
• QUASI: Quasi-Crystalline Undercooled Alloys for Space Investigation
25
