FOR
EMBALMER
971, Sri Jayewardenepura Mawatha Welikada Rajagiriya
Endorsed by Tertiary & Vocational Education Commission
354/2, “Nipunatha Piyasa”, Elvitigala Mawatha, Narahenpita.
Ministry of Industry & Commerce, Resettlement of Protracted Displaced Persons, Co-operative Development and Vocational Training & Skills
Development
2
COPYRIGHT
All rights reserved. This book, in whole or any part thereof, should not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means-electronic, photo copying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of Tertiary and Vocational Education
Commission (TVEC)
Tertiary and Vocational Education Commission Nipunatha Piyasa, 354/2, Elvitigala Mawatha,
Narahenpita, Colombo 05, Sri Lanka. Tel: +94(0) 115849291 Fax: +94(0) 112555007 E-mail: info@tvec.gov.lk Web: www.tvec.gov.lk
Directed by
Ministry of Industry & Commerce, Resettlement of Protracted Displaced Persons, Co-
Operative Development And Vocational Training & Skill Development
National Competency Standards (NCS) and curriculum are an essential element for the
implementation of a unified Technical and Vocational Education & Training System for Sri
Lanka and forms the basis for the National Vocational Qualification Framework of Sri
Lanka, which provides for the award of nationally and internationally recognized
qualifications. The NCS are developed in consultation with industry and are designed using
a nationally agreed specific format to maintain uniformity and consistency of standards
amongst occupations.
The NCS specify the standards of performance of a competent worker and the various
contexts in which work may take place. NCS also describe the knowledge, skills and
attitudes required in a particular occupation. NCS and curriculum provide explicit advice to
assessors and employers regarding the knowledge, skills and attitudes to be demonstrated
by the candidates seeking formal recognition for the competencies acquired either following
training or through work experience.
NCS focus on what is expected of a worker in the workplace and the curriculum focus the
learning process.
NCS stress upon the ability to transfer and apply knowledge and skills to new
situations and environments.
In NCS and curriculum the emphasis is upon outcomes and upon the
application of knowledge and skills, not just the specification of knowledge and skills.
NCS and curriculum are concerned with what people are able to do and the
ability to do a task in a range of contexts.
NCS and curriculum include all aspects of workplace performance and not only narrow task skills.
NCS can serve a number of purposes including:
Providing advice to curriculum developers about the knowledge, skills and
attitudes to be included in the curriculum.
Providing specifications to Competency Based Assessors about the
knowledge, skills and attitudes to be demonstrated by candidates.
Providing advice to industry about job functions, which in turn can be used for
the development of job descriptions, performance appraisal systems and work
flow analysis.
The lead organization for the development of NCS and curriculum is the National Apprentice
& Industrial Training Authority. The standards so developed are endorsed by the Tertiary &
Vocational Education Commission as National Documents.
There is a requirement to review the standards within the prescribed period as appropriate
as and when required, with the assistance of relevant industry groups and incorporate the
changes in the National Competency Standards.
Eng. Nazeer Ahamed Mr.R.D.S.Kumararatne Chairman Director General National Apprentice & Industrial Training Tertiary & Vocational Education Authority Commission
4
CURRICULUM
For
Embalmer
Section 1 List of Competency Units 5
Competency Units 6
List of Modules 41
Section 5 Tools, equipment and materials requirement for the
training program
-Development Committee Members
-Facilitator/s
-Coordinator/s
5
2. Disinfect cadaver O93S009U02 09
3. Preserve cadaver for straight case O93S009U03 11
4. Preserve cadaver after postmortem O93S009U04 15
5. Carry out final inspection for Embalmed body O93S009U05 19
6. Dress the cadaver O93S009U06 22
7. Perform after services O93S009U07 24
8.
environmental practices
O93S009U08 26
10. Carryout workplace communication O93S009BU1 33
11. Apply workplace literacy and numeracy O93S009BU2 35
12. Work in teams O93S009BU3 37
Packaging for National Vocational Qualifications (NVQ)
National Certificate at NVQ Level 04 in the occupation of Embalmer will be awarded to
those who are competent in units U01+ U02 + U03 + U04+ U05+ U06+ U07+ U08+ U09+
BU1+ BU2+ BU3- O93S009Q1L4
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the competencies required for preliminary verification , legal requirement , check for donation, personal safety and preparation of the instruments while adhering to rules and regulations related to embalming practices
Code O93S009U01
verifications
1.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and uniform are worn as per Standard Operating Procedure
1.2 Death is observed scientifically as per the cessation of breathing and lack of eye reflexes
1.3 Verification of the death is checked legally as per death certificate issued by the registrar/inquirers’ certificate of cause of death issued by coroner/ temporary certificate issued by the grama niladhari
1.4 Identity of the body is verified as per the relatives' confirmation and personal identification documents
1.5 Relevant measurements of the body are taken
1.6 Cadaver is tagged for identification using registered number and name on waterproof card
1.7 Notice board is maintained at the embalmer's working station as per Standard Operating Procedure
2. Inspect the general
status of body
2.1 Body injuries and medical implant are identified as per the Standard Operating Procedure
2.2 Deformities are checked by visual inspection as per the Standard Operating Procedure
2.3 Removed/ missing body parts of the cadaver are
inspected by visual inspection 2.4 Special needs are identified as per visual inspection 2.5 Consent from next of kin/ relatives are obtained for
embalm, clothing and other activities as per organisational guidelines
2.6 Checklist is completed as per organisational guidelines
3. Check for organ/full
body donation
3.1 Instructions for full cadaver / organ donation are checked as per relatives and deceased last wishes
3.2 Prearrange funeral directives are checked as per
7
requirement
4.1 Relevant vaccination are obtained as per Health Ministry and WHO guidelines
4.2 Personal Protective Equipment are worn as per WHO guidelines
4.3 Lightings and ventilation are arranged in embalming room/area as per accepted standards / guidelines
5. Prepare instruments
and fluids for
5.1 Embalming instruments are identified as per embalming procedure / cadaver
5.2 Sterility of the instruments are ensured as per autoclave /
standard procedures
5.4 Appropriate preservative fluids are selected as per the cadaver
5.5 Preservative fluids are prepared as per correct proportion
Range / Context: The work connected to this unit may take place in a workplace (depending on the situation). Elaboration of Terms
Special needs may include: Cutting Plaster Of Paris (POP) cast, gangrene
Other activities may include: Shaving and dyeing, making body presentable
Relevant vaccination may include : Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, tetanus and BCG vaccines
Critical aspects The assessment must confirm that the candidate is able to;
observe the death
obtain Consent from next of kin/ relatives / guardian
communicate with manager and follow instructions
follow health and safety procedures
8
Tools / Equipment / Materials Documents/References/Standards
Nail cutters
Hair dryer
Embalming kits
Sharpening tools
boots, etc.)
Check list
Underpinning Knowledge Underpinning Skills
Tests for death (eye test, Mirror test, response to stimuli)
Personal identification documents and Death / inquiry and temporary certificate
Stages of putrefaction
Body injuries
Medical implants
Infection control
donation including eye
and blood borne infection
procedure
Interpret the Personal identification documents and Death / inquiry and temporary certificate
Follow guidelines
hours
teams
for the next usage
Unit Title Disinfect cadaver
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the competencies required for cleaning and initial preparation of cadaver for embalming while maintaining the personal health and safety.
Code O93S009U02
1.1 History of the deceased is read about medical appliances,
especially for defibrillator
1.2 Clothes and jewelleries are removed safely as per organizational procedures
1.3 Clothes and private belongings are stored with identification tags as per organizational procedures
1.4 Sensitive areas of the cadaver are draped and covered
2. Customize the
preservation
2.1 Type of cadaver is identified as per cause of death, physical illnesses/deformities and the putrefaction status
2.2 Embalming details are cross checked with notice board
as per Standard Operational Procedures
2.3 Appropriate embalming process is selected as per the type of the cadaver and the request of next of kin /relatives/ guardian
3. Clean the cadaver 3.1 Nails are cut and shaved with care to avoid damages
3.2 Eyes are closed, cleaned, and disinfected using cotton buds and cotton wools
3.3 Mouth is cleaned and disinfected, temporary closed using cotton buds and cotton wools
3.4 Cadaver is washed with care and avoid damages
3.5 Required instruments and chemicals are prepared to remove the medical appliances
3.6 Relevant medical appliances are removed
4. Clean Orifices 4.1 Natural and pathological orifices are inspected 4.2 Natural and pathological orifices are cleaned and
disinfected
Range / Context: The work connected to this unit may take place in a workplace.
10
Elaboration of Terms
Natural orifices may include : eye, ear, mouth , umbilicus, rectum, genital areas
pathological orifices may include: fistula , colostomy site, draining tube orifices, catheter and canula sites
Critical aspects The assessment must confirm that the candidate is able to;
Follow special methods of cleaning
handover of the personal belongings properly
Follow health and safety procedures
Clean and shave without damaging the body
Identify any STD manifestations in order to personal protection
The following Tools/ Equipment/ Material and Documents/References/Standards are included within this unit.
Tools/ Equipment / Materials Documents/References/Standards
Material Safety Data Sheet
Underpinning Knowledge Underpinning Skills
Types of embalming
the mouth
Proper cleaning
Relevant Anatomy
eye
Identify genital ulcers
Identify abnormal appearance
11
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the competencies required for preparation of arterial injection , venous drainage and troubleshoot while ensuring personal health and safety
Code O93S009U03
1.1 Personal protective equipment worn as per SOP
1.2 Embalming solution prepared as per British Institute of Embalmers (BIE) guidelines
1.3 Cadaver is positioned properly following anatomical positioning
1. 2. Perform Arterial
injection
2.1 Appropriate area of the cadaver is identified as per anatomical landmarks
2.2 Skin are incised to raise the artery as per guidelines
2.3 Tissues are dissected to reach the artery
2.4 Artery is located using instruments following anatomical landmarks
2.5 Artery is raised and appropriate artery injection tube/ needle inserted to the artery
2.6 Both injection tube and artery are tied together
2.7 Massage treatment is conducted to ensure proper distribution of embalming fluids and breakdown of rigor motis by applying massage cream
2.8 Solution are injected to the artery using gravity feed / embalming machine/ bulb syringe (Enema)/ hand pump
2. 3.Drain the veins 3.1 Appropriate area of the body is identified as per anatomical landmarks
3.2 Skin is incised to raise the veins
3.3 Tissues are dissected to reach the veins
3.4 Veins are located using instruments and anatomical landmarks
3.5 Veins are raised and venous drainage tube is inserted to the veins
3.6 Both drainage tube and vein are tied together
12
3.7 Blood is evacuated from the vein simultaneously with arterial injection
4. Carry out treatment of
cavity
4.2 Entry point of trocar is identified and inserted correctly
4.3 Blood is evacuated from the heart using trocar to enter the ventricles
4.4 Aspiration of body fluids and gases are carried out from the intestine/ visceral cavity using trocar
4.5 Aspiration of body fluids are carried out from the bladder using trocar
4.6 Tracheal passage is cleared using trocar by observing whistling sound
4.7 Cavity fluid is injected to saturate viscera
4.8 Trocar is removed and entry point is closed correctly by following suturing / buttoning process
4.9 External orifices (Genital organs) are plugged with cotton wool to prevent seepage
4.10 All incisions are cleaned and closed using sutures
4.11 Records are kept as per Standard Operating Procedures
5. Eviscerate (remove)
5.2 main points of attachment are cut as per SOP
5.3 Organs are eviscerated (removed)
5.4 Incisions are sutured
Range / Context: The work connected to this unit may take place in a workplace. Elaboration of Terms
Instruments in 2.4 may include: aneurysm hook, separator, scalpel, forceps
Instruments in 3.4 may include: vein director, drainage tube
Anomalies may include: hydrocele, cancer
13
Critical aspects The assessment must confirm that the candidate is able to;
Identify the scarpa’s triangle for femoral artery and other anatomical locations
Select correct layer of the artery
Insert tube into the artery
Locate and raise the vein safely
Ensure the emptying of body fluids and gases
Ensure proper saturation of a cadaver
Seal out the entry points and the orifices
Follow health and safety procedures
The following Tools/ Equipment/ Material and Documents/References/Standards are included within this unit. Tools/ Equipment /Materials Documents/References/Standards
Forceps
aneurysm hook,
Needle holder
Ordinance
MSDS
Underpinning Knowledge Underpinning Skills
system
diseases
femoral triangle - femoral vessels ,
jugular vein )
Types of artery injection tubes
Operation of gravity feed embalming
machine/bulb syringe (Enema) /hand
veins (ex. femoral triangle - femoral
vessels , carotid triangle- carotid
artery and jugular vein )
length of incision
Prevent leakages of preservation solution from the injection site
Locate and raise vein correctly
Identify less perfuse areas of the
14
pump
vein
Relevant incisions
intestine
How to suture
autopsied body
Chemistry of the embalming fluids
Chemical mixing
blood
Modify the teeth to ensure closure
of mouth
bag
Unit Title Preserve cadaver after postmortem
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the competencies required for proper embalming of cadavers undergone post-mortem
Code O93S009U04
Element Performance Criteria
1. Prepare for washing 1.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) worn as per
Standard Operating Procedure
1.2 Cadaver is placed in the embalming table with the head at a higher level
1.3 Instruments and equipment are selected for washing 1.4 Coverings of the cadaver is removed allowing body fluids
to drain into the table
2. Wash the cadaver to
remove blood and
2.2 Missing parts are recorded if any
2.3 Cadaver is washed and scrubbed from head to toes while sutures (if any) are intact using hand shower and sponge
2.4 Sutures are removed without further damage to the body
2.5 Blood and other liquids are emptied from visceral cavities ensuring complete evacuation of fluids and dryness
2.6 Internal organs are washed and adequate preservatives are added for appropriate time
2.7 Intestines are punctured by slitting to evacuate the gas and fluid
3. Perform multiple
Arterial injections
3.1 Embalming fluid is prepared selecting appropriate percentage of chemical as per climate, state of body and time period before funeral
3.2 Required instruments are selected
3.3 Lower limb arteries are selected for injection as per anatomical landmarks
3.4 Upper limb arteries are selected for injection as per anatomical landmarks
3.5 Neck arteries are selected for injection as per anatomical landmarks
3.6 All the selected arteries are injected with preserving fluids
16
and position the cadaver
3.7 Fluids collected in the body cavity are evacuated by manually or mechanically
3.8 Cadaver saturation with preserving fluid is checked by observing fluid droplets at cutting edges of the tissues and reinject if necessary
3.9 Organs are cut, washed and left in-situ in the relevant
body and add the preservatives
4. Inject tissues for
saturation with
preservative fluid
4.1 Areas of under saturation are checked by colour change & firmness of the skin (consistency)
4.2 Small amount of preservative fluid are injected slowly at a time while withdrawing the needle ensuring absence of swelling
4.3 Under-saturated areas are massaged to distribute preservative fluid evenly
5. Perform suturing the
full body
5.1 Cranium is fixed properly by filling with cotton material or soft paper impregnated with preservative
5.2 Throat is reconstructed as per anatomy
5.3 Neck is packed and modified until lips are aligned and closed
5.4 Sternum is placed and thoracic cavity filled-up using cotton material and position the chest cage ensuring correct body shape
5.5 Skin and scalp are sutured neatly, well aligned, and tightly using appropriate method depending on type of incisions used
5.6 Orifices are plugged to prevent seepage
6. Perform final washing 6.1 Final Cleaning of the body is carried out using disinfectants
6.2 Embalmed body is moved to dry trolley or bed
6.3 Embalming table is cleaned and dried using disinfectants
7. Cover the body 7.1 Body is checked for blood stain 7.2 Cotton wool are placed on the sutures
7.3 Body is covered using cotton material tightly as per the dress
17
7.4 Body is covered finally using unabsorbant material
Range / Context: The work connected to this unit may take place in a workplace. Elaboration of Terms
Observed externally may explain: paying special attention to cranium and anterior thoracic wall as they are essential for the final presentation of the cadaver
Visceral may include: Cranial, Thoracic, and Abdominal
position the cadaver may include: make sure the body is in the final presentation position using supporters for elbows and neck and maintain through out
Impregnated may include: soaked Critical aspects The assessment must confirm that the candidate is able to;
Select the correct arteries
Ensure proper saturation of tissues
Carry out Skin suturing neatly and tightly to prevent leakages
Wash the body stain free and dry
Dry the body without leakages
The following Tools/ Equipment/ Material and Documents/References/Standards are included within this unit. Tools/Equipment / Materials Documents/References/Standards
Aspirator
Underpinning Knowledge Underpinning Skills
Ascertain the body weight
and the incisions
washing
Ergonomics
How to maintain dryness of the cavity
Preservation of the removed organs
Skin texture
death
Type of disinfectants
Adjust the water temperature
incisions
Inject the preservative fluid
Wrap the body
19
Unit Title Carry out final inspection for Embalmed body
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the competencies required for validate the cadaver for proper embalming and presentation
Code O93S009U05
1.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) worn as per SOP
1.2 Saturation of the full cadaver circulation is checked with preservative fluid
1.3 Tightening/ suturing of the knot is checked
1.4 Adequate embalming of the cadaver is checked
1.5 Embalming fluid is injected separately to terminal ends of the body
1.6 Adequate preservation of the cavity is ensured as per the special embalming techniques for the autopsied cadaver cavity
2. Rearrange cadaver
presentation
2.1 Final positioning of the body is carried out by bending of the appropriate joints
2.2 Mouth is cleaned using forceps and cotton wool
2.3 Mouth is sutured using relevant suturing technique
2.4 Nose and mouth are plugged with cotton wool
2.5 Removed organs in the autopsied body cavity are placed in-situ
2.6 Skin is observed for any presentation shortcomings and repaired
3. Perform final
drying
3.1 Warm water bath is carried out for body using soap or relevant chemicals on both sides of the body
3.2 Body is dried in final position
3.3 Preserved body is covered to facilitate dressing using relevant material to ensuring smooth and presentable contour of the body
4. Provide certificate
of embalming as
as per instruction of the superior
4.2 Photographs are taken after completion and placing in the
shipping case and casket
20
Range / Context: The work connected to this unit may take place in a workplace.
Elaboration of Terms
Relevant details may include: name, age & sex according to passport entry, cause of death , place of death , inquirers’ verdict of death , final destination and embalmer certificate
Relevant material may include: polythene, non-absorbent material Critical aspects The assessment must confirm that the candidate is able to;
Ensure the removed organs are place in the same cadaver
Prepare lifelike appearance to the cadaver
Plug the orifices effectively
Follow Occupational Health and Safety
The following Tools/ Equipment/ Material and Documents/References/Standards are included within this unit.
Tools / Equipment / Materials Documents/References/Standards
Anticipating solution
Underpinning Knowledge Underpinning Skills
Anatomy of the skin
Suturing according to the tissue layers
Different types of suture material
Injection to the body cavity
Anatomy knowledge about the joints
Anatomy of the oral cavity
Sites of oozing
Relevant materials for body covering
Embalming certificate
different requirements of countries regarding casket documents to be send
Obtain consular requirements of the relevant country to which the body is sent
English language
Suturing skills
Detect and Wash out oozed fluids
observe for bleeding and prevent bleeding / leakages of fluid
English language skill
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the competencies required for dressing according to social, cultural and religious requirement and lifelike presentation
Code O93S009U06
Element Performance Criteria
1. Arrange the body 1.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) worn as per SOP
1.2 New pair of gloves are worn before starting the dressing
1.3 Relevant dress and personal effects are selected as per relative's requirement / last wishes of the deceased person / social, cultural and religious requirement
1.4 Cadaver is dressed as per relative’s requirement/ last wishes of the deceased person
1.5 Hands and feet are covered as per relative’s requirement/ last wishes of the deceased person
2. Perform restorative
2.2 Facial appearance is restored where necessary
3. Carry out cosmetic
treatment
3.1 Cosmetics are applied for face as per skin colour tone
3.2 Hair is set as per relative's requirement / last wishes of the deceased person
3.3 Manicure and pedicure are performed as per relative's requirement
3.4 Lips make up are performed as per relative's requirement
4. Encoffin and
cadaver
4.1 Correct coffin for body is selected as per the cadaver size and appropriate height
4.2 Finishing of the coffin is ensured as per the standard size
4.3 Coffin is made for oversized body if required
4.4 Cadaver is placed in the coffin and positioning with attention to beliefs and cultural practices
4.5 Clothes, hair and personal effects are readjusted
4.6 Approval from the client is taken and rectified as required
23
Range / Context: The work connected to this unit may take place in a workplace. Critical aspects The assessment must confirm that the candidate is able to;
Ensure the cleanliness of the dress
Clean hands before start the dressing
Ensure lifelike appearance
Ensure relatives’ satisfaction
The following Tools/ Equipment / material are included within this unit.
Iron
Pins
Underpinning Knowledge Underpinning Skills
Ethnic and religious preferences
Personal Protective Equipment
Modify the teeth to ensure closure off mouth
Proper closure of eyes
Colours mixing
Apply cosmetics
24
Unit Title Perform after services
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the competencies required for proper after service to ensure maximum satisfaction of the relatives and their feedback.
Code O93S009U07
funeral home
1.1 Final survey of the embalmed body is carried out ensuring positioning and closure of any opening of the mouth/eye
1.2 Cosmetics are rearranged applying make-up touchup
1.3 Dress and jewelries are rearranged
2. Perform maggots
2.2 Maggots are located and identified
2.3 Maggot treatment is carried out as per type of maggot
3. Complete
3.2 Relevant information are reported and recorded as per SOP
Range / Context: The work connected to this unit may take place in a workplace. Critical aspects The assessment must confirm that the candidate is able to;
Ensure lifelike appearance
Timely Response for client request
The following Tools/ Equipment/ Material and Documents/References/Standards are included within this unit.
Tools/ Equipment / Materials Documents/References/Standards
Underpinning Knowledge Underpinning Skills
Site of maggot infestation
Cosmetics
Dressing
Identify any difference in the embalm body after carrying to the funeral home
Removal of the maggot
Use of Personal Protective Equipment
Communication skill
Unit Title Follow standard occupational health, safety and environmental practices
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the competencies required for health and safety measurements and prevention of hazards and adhere to occupational health, safety and environmental regulations
Code O93S009U08
according to workplace reporting procedures
1.2 Machinery and equipment breakdowns are reported
according to workplace reporting procedures
1.3 Manual handling procedures and ergonomic parameters
are followed
1.4 First aid procedures are performed as needed
1.5 Daily and weekly safety & health check list are followed as
per organization requirement
2. Follow workplace
methods of use are identified as required for different types
of fires
followed when necessary
procedures are identified and followed
2.4 Qualified persons are identified for contacting in the event
of an incident, accident or sickness of self, co-workers,
staff, customers and others
followed according to organizational procedures
3. Adhere personal
health and safety
procedures
3.1 Hepatitis B, tetanus, BCG and blood borne infections vaccinations are ensured and vaccination schedule maintained
3.2 Individualized Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) are worn
3.3 Relevant PPE are cleaned and dried
3.4 Nutrition and personal hygiene are maintained
3.5 Physical and mental fitness for embalming is self-
27
maintained
3.6 Workplace injuries and incidence are reported and recorded, referrals are requested (if necessary)
3.7 Body and hands are washed properly as per washing standards
4. Dispose medical
using
4.1 History of the deceased is read especially for defibrillator 4.2 Necessary instruments and chemicals are prepared to
remove the medical appliances
4.3 Relevant medical appliances are removed
4.4 Appliances are collected to the leak proof non-absorbent bag and labeled
4.5 Removed appliances are handed over to the authorities
4.6 Sharps and gloves are disposed as per SOP
5. Dispose removal
organs at embalming
5.1 Organs are left in-situ in the relevant body and add the preservatives
5.2 Removed anomalies are disposed if any
6. Dispose body fluids
collect at embalming
6.1 Containers are prepared to collect body fluids 6.2 Removed body fluids and waste water are collected to
leak-proof containers and preservatives are added
6.3 Body fluids are disposed according to standard procedures
7. Clean and disinfect
instruments
7.1 Chemicals used for cleaning are prepared 7.2 Instruments are cleaned and prepared for sterilization
7.3 Floor, tables and walls are washed and cleaned
7.4 Reusable cloths are washed and dried
Range / Context: The work connected to this unit may take place in a workplace. This unit will run through the whole standard
Elaboration of Terms
Hazards in PC 1.1 may include: Mechanical, electrical, chemical, physical and
biological hazards
28
First aid procedures in PC 1.6 may include but not be limited to treatment of minor
cuts, bruises and burns, applying bandages and tourniquets, and neutralising the
effects of corrosive substances
Qualified persons in PC 2.4 may include: Occupational or work health and safety
representative. (Safety officer-trained person in first-aid/ qualified doctor)
Anomalies may include: hydrocele , cancer
Critical aspects The assessment must confirm that the candidate is able to;
Ensure up to date vaccination
Carry out standard hand washing and maintain personal hygiene
Aware of the deceased medical or surgical history and remove proper appliances
Aware of handling instruments and chemicals
Ensure the cleanliness and safety of the working environment
Ensure minimum microorganism and parasitic load of the working environment
Identification of potential hazards
Isolation of workplace
Tools / Equipment / Materials Documents/References/Standards
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) / ISO standards
Relevant sections of Factories’ ordinance
29
Underpinning Knowledge Underpinning Skills
How to remove the medical appliances properly and Proper seal
Anatomical knowledge about the location of the appliances
Labeling
Add the preservative while organs are in-situ
Types of anomalies and add preservatives for removed
Avoid remove any organs from the cadaver especially for medicolegal cases
Avoid discard the body fluids to the common water drainage lines
Fluid level of the containers
Health hazards of body fluids
How to disassemble the instruments
Washing techniques
Hygienic hand washing
Awareness regarding electrocution risk
Collect the body fluids without spillage
Laundry skill
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the competencies required for maintaining professionalism, ethical practice , creating a positive social image of embalmers and continuous professional development
Code O93S009U09
professional ethics
1.1 Embalming is conducted in an enclosed, secure and lockable space to maintain privacy and confidentiality
1.2 Taking photographs while embalming are avoided to maintain privacy and confidentiality
1.3 Divulging cadaver personal information are avoided
1.4 Entertaining entrance of unauthorized persons for embalming room is prohibited to maintain privacy and confidentiality
1.5 Punctuality, integrity and honesty are maintained
1.6 Best interests of the families and community are ensured
1.7 Work competence is ensured
1.8 Superiors are to be respected and their instructions to be followed
1.9 Unprofessional engagements at work are avoided as specified
1.10 Cadaver is handled with respect and care for the dead while maintaining Modesty
1.11 Conflict of interest is avoided for organ and body/body
parts donation/ sell (for transplant/ educational purpose)
1.12 Institutional rules and regulation are followed and service agreement is followed
2. Use dress code
3.2 Suitable attire is maintained out of work
3.3 Social stigma is minimized by integrating with society
3. Acquire
knowledge and
4.1 Relevant workshops and other community engagement are participated to uplift continuous professional knowledge and skills
31
professional
developments
4.2 Upgraded embalming professions are studied to develop own competencies
4.3 Feedback from superior/ peers / subordinates are given and received
Range / Context: The work connected to this unit may take place in a workplace.
Elaboration of Terms
Unprofessional engagements may include : alcohol, smoking, drugs, and betel chewing, sexual perversities
Modesty may include : covering the genital and private areas wherever it possible
Social stigma may include: negative image in society
Integrating: joining with community service organizations, organizing/ participate to charity work
Critical aspects The assessment must confirm that the candidate is able to;
Take photographs only for record purposes
Take photographs if necessary, with the permission of the family members only after
placing in the coffin
Carry out ethical behaviour
development workshops / seminar/ webinar
The following Tools / Equipment / Material are included within this unit.
Tools, equipment and Materials
Underpinning Knowledge Underpinning Skills
How to get involved with the Community
Appropriate work life balance
Team work
Avoid liaison with organ transplantation team local and foreign
Able to search and find out the relevant workshops
Computer literacy and E-learning
Teach potential embalmers
Unit Title Carryout workplace communication
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the competencies required to communicate with
customers and co-workers clearly and politely face to face, over the
phone, and in writing.
Code O93S009BU1
Range / Context:
The work connected to this unit may take place in a workplace or workshop.
Communication will include verbal, non-verbal, written, printed and electronic forms.
Elaboration of terms in performance criteria
Verbal Communication methods and mediain PC 1.1 & 1.2 may include: phone
calls, video chats, and face-to-face conversation.
Non-verbal communication methods and media in PC 2.1 may include: Nonverbal
communication strategies such as body language , signs, and symbols
Visual communication: information education and communication (IEC) material,
posters, videos
tasks as specified
accordance with current organisational requirements
2. Apply non-verbal
used to follows accepted industry practice or social
convention
clarified by questioning
3. Apply written
clear and concise language to ensure the intended
meaning of correspondence is understood by recipient.
3.2 Work place documentation and correspondence are interpreted to understand their intended meaning
3.3 workplace documentation required to record and report are completed according to workplace procedures for quality, time and detail
4. Respond positively to
individual differences
4.1 Cultural, ethnic and gender differences are taken into consideration in all verbal and non-verbal communication
4.2 All individuals are treated with privacy (if necessary),
respect, courtesy and sensitively
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Written communication methods and media in PC 3.1 may include: emails,
letters, forms, records, drawings, schedules, checklists, manuals
Critical aspects
The assessment must confirm that the candidate is able to;
obtain and record accurate information from customer/superior/co-workers
convey information to relevant parties accurately
record information confidentiality
The following tools, equipment & material are included within this unit
Stationeries
material order sheets)
Standard Organizational Procedures,
Required Knowledge, Skills and Worker behavior/Attitude/Soft skills
UNDERPINNING KNOWLEDGE UNDERPINNING SKILLS
Communication methods and media
customers and staff
Telephone etiquettes
Presentation techniques
Customs of different ethnic and religious
groups
Showing respect to persons
communication
process basic workplace documentation.
communication
Unit Title Apply workplace literacy and numeracy
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the competencies required to apply identified literacy and
numeracy demands in the workplace and to provide support to others
Code O93S009BU2
documents and procedures are identified
1.2 Numeracy requirements of workplace tasks, documents
and procedures are identified
that support workplace
literacy and numeracy
when necessary
when necessary
Range / Context:
The work connected to this unit may take place in a workplace / workshop.
Elaboration of terms in performance criteria
Literacy requirements of workplace in PC 1.1 may include:
- reading skills to understand written information, such as work instructions,
policies, procedures, legislation, specifications, checklists, reports and signs
- writing skills to complete or produce written texts, such as emails, checklists,
work record sheets, safety or risk assessment, reports and text massage
Numeracy requirements of workplace in PC 1.2 may include:
- add, subtract, multiply and divide
- locate information in tables, use numbers, read various scales and gauges, use
calculations (such as determine weight of load, quantity)
- measure, plan time, read and interpret tables and diagrams
- read and interpret maps
Critical aspects
interpret written material accurately
adopt appropriate method in mathematical calculations
36
The following tools, equipment & material are included within this unit.
Stationeries
Calculator
Computer with internet facility
The performance of this unit is expected to be carried out to the following documents
and standards
Charts
Manuals
Memos
Forms (Time Record sheets, Quality record sheets, Colour codes and material order
sheets)
Fundamental principles of mathematics
UNDERPINNING KNOWLEDGE UNDERPINNING SKILLS
Literacy requirements of workplace
Numeracy requirements of workplace
everyday workplace tasks, documents
development in the workplace
to workplace tasks
Reading workplace documents
strategies to support workplace literacy
and numeracy
Unit Title Work in teams
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the competencies required to work cooperatively with
people identifying roles & responsibilities within team.
Code O93S009BU3
Range / Context:
The performance of activities included in this unit may take place in a workplace / workshop.
Elaboration of terms in performance criteria
Effective Communication strategies in PC 1.1 may include:
- Active listening, questioning, observing, giving feedback, empathy
Health security Team include: fitness trainer, Medical officers/ specialist, nutritionist, physiotherapist, psychologist
Critical aspects
Achieve team goals
The following tools, equipment & material are included within this unit.
Depending on the job assigned to the team for the purpose of assessing this unit,
required tools, equipment and material will be provided.
The performance of this unit is expected to be carried out to the following documents
and standards
Work plans
Element Performance Criteria
1. Communicate with
preventing misunderstanding & giving consideration to
gender & culture
members to enhance work outcome
2. Participate in team
work activities
2.1 Individual tasks are listed out according to the work plan.
2.2 Individual tasks are carried out as assigned by a team leader
2.3 Other team members are encouraged and supported in
undertaking required roles and responsibilities
38
UNDERPINNING KNOWLEDGE UNDERPINNING SKILLS
Concepts of team behaviour
structures
relevant regulatory requirements.
the team
A3. Check for organ donation
A4. Ensure health, safety and environmental requirement
A5. Prepare instrument and fluids for embalming
B.
B2. Customize the method of preservation
B3. Cleanse the cadaver
C1.Prepare for arterial injection
C2. Perform Arterial injection
C3. Drain the veins
D.
D2. Wash the cadaver to remove blood and other stains
D3. Perform multiple Arterial injections
D4. Inject tissues for saturation with preservative fluid
D5.Perform suturing the full body
D6. Perform final washing
D7. Cover the body
Carry out final inspection for Embalmed body
E1. Identify the Arterial and venous systems and body cavities -post embalming
E2. Rearrange cadaver in proper presentation
E3. Perform final cleaning and drying
E4.Provide certificate of embalming as needed (foreigners)
F.
F4. Encoffin and positioning the cadaver
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G.
G2. Perform maggots treatment
H1. Adhere personal health and safety procedures
H2. Dispose medical appliances, instruments and consumables after using
H3.Dispose removal organs at embalming
J.
J2. Use dress code and enhance self- image
J3. Acquire continuous knowledge and professional developments
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Page No.
2. Legal requirements and documentation of
embalming
4. Causes of death and basics of medico legal
aspect of violence
O93S009M04 30 47
6. Tools, equipment and instruments for
embalming
embalming
11. Occupational health, safety and
environmental practices for embalming
13. Personal development and professionalism O93S009M13 30 62
14. Communication Skills for Workplace O93S009BM01 24 63
15. Workplace literacy and numeracy O93S009BM02 30 64
16. Team Work O93S009BM03 78 65
Total 720
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Module Code O93S009M01
Module Type Core
Duration (Hrs) 24
After completion of this module trainees will be able to;
describe the history of embalming in Sri Lanka and world wide
Learning Content Related Theory:
World history of embalming
Evolution of the embalming
care of dead
Duration : 18Hrs
Assignment : Prepare a report based on different methods of embalming
in the ancient Sri Lanka
(Duration : 6Hrs)
Module Code O93S009M02
Module Type Core
Duration (Hrs) 24
After completion of this module trainees will be able to;
understand the job description of an embalmer
understand documents related to the death
understand the embalming procedure for certification of repatriation
understand the rights, responsibilities and duties of employees and
employers
certificate
Embalming certificate for repatriation
Expected time duration of preservation until final disposal
The country of traveling
Different requirements of countries regarding casket
documents to be send
the body is sent
video footage
freelance embalmers
EPF & ETF
Working hours
Leave procedures
Feedback mechanism
Performance appraisal
Promotional scheme
Standard Operating Procedures
place policies and procedures
Module Code O93S009M03
Module Type Core
Duration (Hrs) 90
Learning
Outcomes After completion of this module trainees will be able to;
perform surface marked of the internal organs and vessels
identify the different bones and joints of the body
identify the different organs of the body
list the organs, vessels, body cavities and bones
name the important organs and their parts
name the specific location where each medical appliances are used
name the different types of body fluids and their abnormal collections
Learning Content Related Theory:
and jugular vein
Thoracic cage, heart (specially right atrium) trachea, and lungs
Abdomen –all the organs specially stomach, liver and large
intestine
veins
Upper limb and lower limb blood vessels (specially radial artery
at wrist, posterior and anterior tibial arteries at ankle joints)
anatomical variations according to malformation, atrophy,
hypertrophy, tumor
Human cell
Cell structure
Blood
Ascites
Muscles to locate the blood vessels used by the embalmer
Bones of the body
Special attention to
- Shape and size of vault of skull
- Detailed anatomy of the anterior cranial fossa (ex.
cribriform plate)
46
Gastrointestinal system - detailed structure
Chambers of the heart (specially right auricle, and great blood
vessels (3D anatomy)
Venous system (jugular)
Cranial cavity and brain
Oral cavity and orifices
Structure of skin (layers)
Skin pigment
Catheter
Canula
(electronic media can be used)
Perform cadaveric demonstration of the human anatomy
(Duration : 18Hrs)
47
Module Title Causes of death and basics of medico legal aspect of violence
Module Code O93S009M04
Module Type Core
Duration (Hrs) 30
After completion of this module trainees will be able to;
externally differentiate the natural deaths from suspicious death
differentiate body injuries
Suspicious drowning death
injuries
Internal organs preservation in medico legal cases
Inspection for body for any suspicious material / traces
Duration : 24Hrs
(Duration : 6Hrs)
Module Code O93S009M05
Module Type Core
Duration (Hrs) 30
After completion of this module trainees will be able to;
confirm the death
identify the factors affecting and delaying the putrefaction
Learning Content Related Theory:
Pupillary reflex
Mirror test
Corneal test
Hypostasis (livor mortis)
Tissue softening
burial, exposure to light
Internal – age, condition of the body (fat), cause of the
death, external injuries,
vomica
of death
(Duration : 9Hrs)
Module Code O93S009M06
Module Type Core
Duration (Hrs) 30
After completion of this module trainees will be able to;
assemble, disassemble, maintenance and troubleshooting of all
the instruments used for embalming
perform safe removal of medical appliances
Learning Content Related Theory:
Scalpel
Aneurysm hook
Syringe
Type of Medical appliances
(Enema) /hand pump
disassemble, maintenance and troubleshooting of instruments
Fix learning module and hands on training regarding proper
removal of medical appliances
Module Code O93S009M07
Module Type Core
Duration (Hrs) 24
After completion of this module trainees will be able to;
identify the types of chemicals and its chemistry
understand the dilutional ratios of the embalming fluids
Learning Content Related Theory:
Pre wash chemicals/ co-injection chemicals
Jaundice chemicals tissue gas chemicals
Tissue gas chemicals
Wound and incision sealants
powder
compounds
pH
chemistry
After completion of this module trainees will be able to;
identify the type of needles and suture materials according to the
tissue layers
Learning Content Related Theory:
Incisions to find the appropriate artery, vein – selection
depend on the type of the embalming and the duration of the
final rites
Suturing methods, type of knots and type of closure
Baseball suture
Intradermal suture
Wormian suture
Mouth closure
Demonstrate the different types of incisions
(Duration : 15Hrs)
After completion of this module trainees will be able to;
identify different types of mortuary cosmetics
perform different types of makeup applications,
perform proper and neat dressing of the cadaver
perform proper adjustment of the facial proportions
Learning Content Related Theory:
Types of mortuary cosmetics
Oil based cosmetics
Solvent based cosmetic
Pigmented dry dusting powder
Blush- adds warm glow and shaping to face
Brows- shape and define
Shadow- defines eyes
darkness
Colour mixing according to skin colour tone
Skin differences according to climatic & environmental
changes and cause of death
Skin texture
Shaving
Application of barrier cream
Adjustment of the facial proportions
Proper closure of the mouth in the natural position
Proper insertion of the eye balls and caps
55
Proper positioning of the eye lids (special attention to inner
canthus)
Dressing the cadaver
Cadaver tailoring techniques
Hands on training of application of mortuary cosmetics
Hands on training of cadaver dressing
(Duration : 36Hrs)
After completion of this module trainees will be able to;
conduct initial assessment and reducing rigor motis
select the proper vessel for injection and drainage, Multiple injection
and Restricted cervical injection
perform the Embalming operation
removal of anomalies and preservation
carry out embalming for repatriation
carry out final cleaning, drying, wrapping and covering of the cadaver
Learning Content Related Theory:
Measurements of body proportions
Warm water
Relaxation treatment
Depends on age (children, premature babies less than 2
years and more than 2 years) weight, disfigurement
(arthritis, loss of limbs, congenital deformities), diseases
(dry gangrene), accidents and surgeries
Selection and location of the artery and the vein
Advantages, disadvantages and techniques of the
followings
vein
Radial artery
dorsalis pedis artery
57
Restricted cervical injection
Embalming operation
Non autopsy cases –vein
Techniques of draining
Aspiration
Phraynx
Bladder
manner (special: cleaning of the stomach, sigmoid flexure,
bladder, caecum, hepatic flexure, gall bladder and liver)
Puncture the small intestine and cleaning of the trocar
Relocate the trocar in the chest cavity
How to maintain dryness of the cavity
Proper closure
Asphyxia
surface tumours
Caring of the oozing sites
Embalming for repatriation
transporting foreign countries
autopsied cases
Proper cleaning and drying of the cadaver and the embalming
table
Duration : 60Hrs
Hands on training on initial assessment and reducing rigor motis
Hands on training on Choice of vessel for injection and drainage
,Multiple injection and Restricted cervical injection
Hands on training on Embalming operation
Hands on training on trocar guide to the organs and Aspiration
Hands on training on Special methods of preservation in selected
cases
Hands on training on embalming for repatriation
Hands on training on cleaning , drying, wrapping and covering of
the cadaver
(Duration : 120Hrs)
Embalming
After completion of this module trainees will be able to;
follow safe working practices
report workplace hazards and accidents to relevant authorities
follow emergency procedures
to the body
Prevention of hazards
Proper techniques of hand washing and wearing gloves
Special emphasis on cases of Hepatitis B and must not
embalm
infection diseases, accidents, incidents and hazards
Adequate ventilation /lightening
Proper labeling of the instruments and the areas
Sterilization of the instruments
Should take any advice available from British Institute of
Embalmers on health and safety in connection with embalmer
Maintaining first aid box and knowledge of First aid to treat
small cuts and wounds with antiseptic and sterile dressing
Equipment and safety devices for particular workplace tasks Electrical safety
Application of safety signs and symbols for danger, warning,
caution & personal safety message
Fire prevention and use of fire extinguishers
Persons or services to be contacted in the event of different
accidents
60
Personal protection
HIV AIDS, Hepatitis B, tetanus and BCG and blood borne
infection Safety precautions
Abnormal appearance of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
(STD) manifestation
seal
Avoid discard the body fluids to the common water drainage
lines
Disposal of the solid waste, Waste categories and colour
codes
Duration : 15Hrs
Prevention of hazards
(Duration : 9Hrs)
Module Code O93S009M12
Module Type Core
Duration (Hrs) 24
After completion of this module trainees will be able to;
understand the beliefs ,values and ethical stands in embalming
Learning Content Related Theory:
Association
the practice of embalming is in the interest of public health
and promise to promote embalming to the best of my ability
treat with respect each dead human body
complete confidential relationship to those called upon to
serve
affecting embalming
abide by the regulation of the All Island Funeral Directors
Association
The principles of funeral service industry
Conflict of interest
All Island Funeral Directors Association, Sri Lanka
Ethnic and religious preferences
offence
Fix learning module of code of ethics and ethical guidelines
(Duration : 9Hrs)
Module Code O93S009M013
Module Type Core
Duration (Hrs) 30
After completion of this module trainees will be able to;
balance the work life with personal life
have a self-motivation to participate CPD workshops
Learning Content Related Theory:
Appropriate work life balance
Social networking
Continuous Professional Development
Funeral Directors Association, Sri Lanka
Duration : 15Hrs
Role play on work life balance/ stress management
(Duration : 15Hrs)
Module Code O93S009BM01
Module Type Basic
Duration (Hrs.) 24
Learning Outcomes
After completion of this module the trainee will be able to: - apply oral, visual and written communication relevant to the workplace
Learning Content
Active Listening Skill Good telephone manners clarity and cohesion friendliness, confidence empathy, open-mindedness respect, feedback and picking the right medium
- Visual Industry relevant symbols and signs
- Written Workplace documentation requirements
Drafts simple texts using appropriate grammar, spelling and punctuation in accordance with organisational standards
Asks questions and listens to gain information or confirm understanding
Industry relevant reporting procedures
Basic knowledge of new trends
Telephone etiquettes
Basics of IT
Customs of different ethnic and religious groups
Basic understanding of gender issues
Showing respect to persons
Practical:
Assignments 01 - Provide opportunities to trainees to present learned contents
Assignments 02 – Prepare list of 250 – 300 technical / vocational terms used in relevant industry during the course period
Teaching- Learning activities
Module Code O93S009BM02
Module Type Basic
Duration (Hrs.) 78
After completion of this module trainees will be able to;
pronounce the language properly.
done.
situations.
understand the people.
Learning Content Theory:
- The Physical Response techniques
- The Picture Cues technique
- The Reverse Role-Play technique
The Dialogue Strip technique
The Participant Observation technique
speech.
Use the language as much as possible in daily life
Computer assisted language learning programs, such as
Rosetta Stone and others
The Public Transport activity
The Shopping Trip activity
The Social Visiting activity
Module Code O93S009BM03
Module Type Basic
Duration (Hrs) 30Hours
Learning Outcomes At the end of this module student should be able to;
Contribute positively to the work in team environment
Work effectively with others in a socially diverse
environment
Give, receive and act upon feedback
Identify and describe own roles and roles of others
Learning Content
Information on how to develop an active team work
plan.
dynamics.
The four major types of people in a team – visionary,
commander, nurturer and analyzer.
storming, norming, performing and adjourning.
Team leadership behaviors such as, lead by example,
over communicate and trust your team.
Ability to coach and motivate others
Practical Demonstration: Identify and establish team purpose,
team member’s roles and responsibilities.
Demonstration: Coaching and motivation of a team.
Assignment 01- Form a group for workplace cleaning,
equipment maintenance, waste management and give
the feedback on group effort
Assignment 02- Arrange sports activities / social events to show team effort
Out bound training for 3 days
Teaching-Learning activities
66
EMBALMER (Code:O93S009)
NATIONAL CERTIFICATE AT NVQ LEVEL 4 IN THE OCCUPATION OF EMBALMER
1. Endorsement date: 13.03.2020
4. Purpose of the Qualification
To certify that the holder of this qualification has acquired the competencies contained in the units listed in section 6 below.
5. Regulations for the
Qualification
The holder should have been assessed by a licensed assessor and found competent in the units listed in section 6 and certified by the TVEC
6. Qualification Packages
National Certificate at NVQ level 04 in the occupation of will be awarded to those who are competent in unit U01+ U02 + U03 + U04+ U05+ U06+ U07+ U08+ U09+ BU1+ BU2+ BU3- O93S009Q1L4
7. Prerequisite Sat for G.C.E. (O/L )
8. Accreditation requirement
The qualifications shall be offered in compliance with the accreditation requirements of the TVEC as stipulated in the National Vocational Qualifications framework of Sri Lanka.
9. Certification TVEC shall certify the qualifications in terms of the regulation at section 6 above.
10. Transition arrangements Transition arrangements
The competency based assessments shall be undertaken by the registered assessors until TVEC arranges to issue licenses to the assessors
11.Requirement of Conducting Knowledge Assessment
Required / Not Required
12. Assessment consistency requirements
TVEC is responsible for consistency of assessments shall take appropriate steps to ensure consistency of assessments
13. Contact for comments
67
Forms of assessment
Assessment shall be based on evidence collected through workplace performance or a
combination of evidence collected through training and work place performance.
Assessment context
This unit may be assessed on the job, off the job or a combination of on and off the job. The
unit may be assessed individually.
Assessment conditions
- all tools, equipment, material and documentation required.
The candidate will be permitted to refer the following documents:
- material, paint and polish safety data sheets
- health and safety regulations
- product data sheet (PDS)
- manufacturer’s instructional brochures and manuals
The candidate will be required to:
- orally or by other methods of communication, answer questions asked by the
assessor.
- identify superiors and clients who can be approached for the collection of
competency evidence where appropriate.
- present evidence of credit for any off job training related to this unit.
Assessors must be satisfied that the candidate can competently and consistently perform all
elements of the unit as specified by the criteria and that he/she possess the required
underpinning knowledge.
Special notes
demonstrate safe work practices at all times
communicate information about processes, events or tasks being undertaken to
ensure a safe and efficient working environment.
perform all tasks in accordance with standard operating procedures.
perform all tasks to specifications
take responsibility for the accuracy of his/her own work
use accepted methods for calculation.
Tasks involved will be completed within reasonable time frames relating to typical workplace
activities.
These include material, tools and equipment listed within this unit
68
(Approximately 15/20 students)
No Item Quantity
15
9. Aneurysm hook 15
11. Arterial injection tube (curve, straight) 4 of each size
12. Arterial injection tube (maxillary, baby tube) 4 of each size
13. Trocar 4
14. Vein director 4
15. Venous drainage tube (small, Medium, large ) 4 of each size
16. Nail cutter and, razor
15
18. Casket 4
22. Suture materials
69
25. Mirror , glass of water , torch
15
35. Perfume 4
43. Sound system 1
44. Stationary A4 bundles
Section 6
OCCUPATIONAL OUTLOOK
Embalmer is the person who chemically preserves a dead body to retard organic
decomposition in order to give more lifelike appearance according to the family wishes while
ensuring health and safety standard within the legal and ethical framework.
What does an Embalmer do?
Although the practice of embalming goes back to ancient Egypt, it became more popular in
America after the Civil War. Not only people want to have a last look at their loved ones
before burial but also the view of the modern notions of health and sanitation embalming as
important to community health.
During the past 30 years embalming has become common in most countries. The funeral
industry itself has grown and is now a necessary and lucrative part of modern society around
the world. Embalming practices differ according to culture, although regulations in many
countries involve specific requirements that must be followed regardless of culture.
When a person dies, the embalmer prepares the body for burial. This is not done with long-
term preservation as a goal, but simply to prevent deterioration during the period before the
funeral and to improve the condition of the body. The work can be very creative and artistic,
finding ways to restore bodies to a natural appearance. It involves working with precision
tools and instruments, following rules in a highly organized process. Sometimes the
embalmer also serves as funeral director, caring for all aspects of funeral preparation and
helping families complete necessary paperwork.
What is the workplace of an Embalmer like?
The embalmer usually works in a funeral home, morgue or crematory. Work is done under
surgical conditions in a preparation area or casket. Specific health and safety regulations
must be followed. Some heavy lifting is involved. In large funeral homes the work tends to
follow normal office hours, although some evening and weekend work may be involved. In
small or family-run establishments, work hours can be variable. If the embalmer is also the
funeral director, he or she may be on-call and work extended hours, evenings, and
weekends. Embalming and preparation for the funeral needs to be completed quickly, within
24 to 72 hours after death, and bodies may need to be retrieved and prepared at all hours of
the day or night
71
The average salary for an embalmer in the United States is around $42,780 (Rs.
7,535,483.00) per year.in Sri Lanka it is around Rs.100000.00 per month.
Career path for Embalmer
Mr. Mr.R.D.S.Kumararatne
Ms. R.M.A.P. Samaradivakara Directress (Quality), National Apprentice & Industrial Training Authority
Development Committee Professor Jean Perera, Chair Professor & Academic Head, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of medicine, University of Colombo
Dr. Sajith Edirisinghe, Lecturer & Clinical Geneticist, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardhanapura.
Mr.Keith Anthony Raymond Director, A.F.Raymond ltd. "RAYMOND HOUSE" NO: 115, D.S.Senanayake Mawatha, Colombo 8
Mr.Shameera Vikasitha Manamperi, Manager, Manamperi Funaral Directors, Karapitiya, Galle
Mr. M.Nalinda Niroshan, Proprietor, Sumana Mal Shalawa, Kandy Road, Uhana
Mr.B.G.P.R.Dharmasiri, Proprietor, Galaha Florists, Hewaheta Road, Galaha
Mr. K.K.D.P.Britto Adikaram, Director, Rohini funeral Directors (pvt) Ltd, 140, Dehiwala Road, Maharagama.
W.M.Ajith Nishantha Wasala, Rohini funeral Directors (pvt) Ltd, 140, Dehiwala Road, Maharagama.
National Industrial Training Advisory Committee (NITAC)
Dr.Harsha Disanayake, Head of the Department, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardhanapura
Professor. Ajith P. Malalasekara, Urological Surgeon, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, University of Colombo
Mr.Keith Anthony Raymond Director, A.F.Raymond ltd. "RAYMOND HOUSE" NO: 115, D.S.Senanayake Mawatha, Colombo 8
Mr.Mahinda Panagoda, Director, Mahinda Panagoda Funeral
73
Ms. G.H.R.S.E. Silva, Factory Inspecting Engineer/ Civil Engineer, Department of Labour, Construction & Maintenance division, 5th floor, Labour Secretarial
Mr.T. Senthuran, Deputy Director (NVQ), Tertiary and Vocational Education Commission, Colombo 05
Facilitator Ms. Theja Malkanthi, Assistant Director (SSCD & LRD), Standard Setting and Curriculum Development Section, National Apprentice & Industrial Training Authority, Rajagiriya.
Coordinator Ms. Pubudu Raththayake, Inspector, Standard Setting and Curriculum Development Section, National Apprentice & Industrial Training Authority, Rajagiriya.