National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project Environmental & Social ...

ORISSA STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

(An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Organisation)

Rajiv Bhawan, Unit – V, Bhubaneswar , Orissa

National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project

CONSULTING ENGINEERING SERVICES (INDIA) PRIVATE LIMITED

57 NEHRU PLACE (5th FLOOR), NEW DELHI – 110 019

Environmental & Social Screening Report of

Multipurpose Cyclone Shelters & Approach Roads

July 2010

Project : Environmental & Social Screening from National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project Document : 2009105/EC/Screening Report Date: July 2010

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part–A ESMF Screening of Multipurpose Cyclone Shelters and Approach Roads

List of Abbreviation

Executive Summary

1.0 Introduction

2.0 Project Background

3.0 Project Description

3.1 Project Objectives

3.2 Project Component

3.2.1 Cyclone Shelters (CS)

3.2.2 Approach Roads for Cyclone Shelters

4.0 Environmental Regulations & Legal Framework

4.1 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

4.2 EIA Notification, 2006

4.3 Coastal Regulation Zone Notification (CRZ), 1991

4.4 Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 and its amendment

4.5 Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 & Air (Prevention &

Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

4.6 Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958

4.7 The Land Acquisition Act (LA) of 1894

4.8 National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2007

4.9 World Bank Policies

5.0 Methodology

5.1 Environmental & Social Screening

5.2 Public Consultation Meeting (PCM)

6.0 Environmental Features of the Study Area

6.1 Climate

6.2 Soil Type and Land Use Pattern

6.3 Flora

6.4 Coastal Vegetation

6.5 Ecologically Sensitive Areas


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6.5.1 Chilka Lake (Nalaban Bird Sanctuary)

6.5.2 Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary

6.5.3 Bhitarkanika National Park & Sanctuary

6.5.4 Balukhand Konark Sanctuary

6.6 Archeological Sites

7.0 Screening Outcome

8.0 Environmental & Social Impacts & Mitigation Measures

8.1 Topography & Geology

8.2 Soil and Land Use

8.3 Drainage

8.4 Water Use

8.5 Water Quality

8.6 Air quality

8.7 Noise Level

8.8 Flora & Fauna

8.9 Solid Waste

8.10 Construction Camp

8.11 Safety Aspects

8.12 Employment & Trading Opportunities

8.13 Conclusion

9.0 Environmental Management Plan

9.1 Green Belt Development Plan

9.2 Guidelines for Rehabilitation of Borrow/ Quarry Areas

10.0 References


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LIST OF ABBREVIATION

ASI : Archaeological Survey of India

CD : Cross Drainage

CES : Consulting Engineering Services

CITES : Convention of International Trade on Wildlife Flora and Fauna

CRZ : Coastal Regulation zone

CS : Cyclone Shelters

CSMMC : Cyclone Shelter Management & Maintenance Committee

EA : Environmental Assessment

EAC : Expert Appraisal Committee

EC : Environmental Clearance

EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP : Environmental Management Plan

ESMF : Environmental and Social Management Framework

FLC : Fish Landing Centre

FSMF : Environmental and Social Management Framework

GoI ; Government of India

GPS : Global Positioning System

HTL : High Tide Line

IIT : Institute of Technology

IRC : Indian Road Congress

LA : Land Acquisition

LTL : Low Tide Line

MCS : Multipurpose Cyclone Shelters

MOEF : Ministry of Environment & Forest

NCRMP : National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project


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NDMA : National Disaster Management Authority

ORSAC : Orissa Remote Sensing Application Centre

OSDMA : Orissa State Disaster Management Authority

PAP : Project Affected Persons

PCM : Public Consultation Meeting

PF : Protected Forest

PMGSY : Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana

RAP : Resettlement Action Plan

RCC : Reinforced Cement Concrete

RF : Reserved Forest

RFP : Request for Proposal

RI : Revenue Inspector

RoW : Right of Way

SEAC : State Expert Appraisal Committee

TOR : Terms of Reference


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

E.1 Introduction & Project Background

The coastal districts of Orissa are prone to frequent cyclonic storms and concurrent flood hazards causing considerable loss of human lives, domestic animals, agriculture and other properties. After the Super Cyclone of 1999, it was realized that death toll was high due to non-availability of safe shelter buildings in the coastal villages, which could have withstood the intensity of the cyclone and storm surge. The Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India drew up the National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (NCRMP) with a view to construct Multipurpose Cyclone Shelters (MCS) in the coastal districts, which can withstand very high wind speeds and protect human and animal lives during disaster. In this context, Orissa State Disaster Management Authority (OSDMA) has engaged CES (I) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi to carryout environmental and social screening, preparation of EMP, to conduct Public Consultation Meeting for all MCS sites and preparation of document for CRZ Clearance and any other clearance, if required. The locations of MCS are identified through a scientific survey conducted by Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur with two major postulates i.e. no person will have to travel more than 2.25 km to get a safe shelter and without crossing a natural barrier.

E.2 Project Description The main components of the project are construction of multipurpose cyclone shelters (MCS) and approach road for MCS. A total of 50 new MCS including 19 for fishermen (FLCs) are proposed to be constructed under the project with an area of 10,000 sq. ft. The shelters will be designed to withstand wind velocity of 300 km per hour and earthquake resistant also. It is proposed to provide all weather approach road to connect the shelters with villages by strengthening the existing village road. By this not only the villagers will be able to move easily to the shelters during emergency, but also relief materials can be transported and distributed. Concrete roads have been proposed with 3.0 m carriage way as per the standards of the PMGSY roads.


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E.3 Environmental & Social Screening Outcome

• Environmental & social screening as per World Bank format has been done for 50

proposed multipurpose cyclone shelter sites and approach roads.

• Environmental Clearance is not required for construction of MCS & approach roads.

• The proposed development does not involve diversion of forest land. Therefore, Forest Clearance is not required.

• As per the CRZ Map of Orissa, a total 18 MCS & approach roads are coming under Coastal Regulation Zone for which CRZ Clearance is required.

• As per the CRZ Map of Orissa, a total 19 MCS are coming under Coastal Regulation Zone for which CRZ Clearance is required.

Summary of Screening Outcome – Multipurpose Cyclone Shelters & Approach Roads

S. N. Name of MCS Approach CRZ Clearance Required *EC *FC Road Required MCS Approach Road Required Required

Balasore District 1. Jamkunda Yes No No No No 2. Jambharai Yes Yes - CRZ-III Yes - CRZ-III No No 3. Kayakadala No No No No No 4. Sirkona Yes Yes - CRZ-III Yes - CRZ-III No No 5. Gudu Yes Yes - CRZ-III Yes - CRZ-III No No 6. Khadu No Yes - CRZ-III No No No 7. Kalamatiapahi Yes Yes - CRZ-III Yes - CRZ-III No No 8. Kankadapal Yes No No No No 9. Bahabalpur No Yes - CRZ-III No No No 10. Jamuka Yes Yes - CRZ-III Yes - CRZ-III No No 11. Panchubisa Yes Yes - CRZ-III Yes - CRZ-III No No 12. Khumbhiragadi No No No No No 13. Kirtania Jalpahi No Yes - CRZ-III No No No 14. Talsari No No No No No

Bhadrak District 15. Adhuan Yes No No No No 16. Kasia Yes Yes - CRZ-III Yes - CRZ-III No No 17. Chandanipal Yes Yes - CRZ-III Yes - CRZ-III No No

Kendrapara District 18. Gokhakhati Yes No No No No 19. Radia Yes Yes - CRZ-III Yes - CRZ-III No No 20. Jamboo No Yes - CRZ-III No No No 21. Kajalpatia No Yes - CRZ-III No No No


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S. N. Name of MCS Approach CRZ Clearance Required *EC *FC Road Required MCS Approach Road Required Required 22. Tantiapal Yes Yes - CRZ-III Yes - CRZ-III No No

Jagatsinghpur District 23. Badabandha Yes Yes - CRZ-III Yes - CRZ-III No No 24. Sahadabedi No Yes - CRZ-III No No No 25. Bandar No Yes - CRZ-I No No No

Ganjam District 26. Sabulia Yes Yes - CRZ-III Yes - CRZ-III No No 27. Niladripur Yes No No No No 28. Ekasingi No Yes - CRZ-III No No No 29. Patisonapur Yes Yes - CRZ-III Yes - CRZ-III No No 30. Ramayapatna No Yes - CRZ-III No No No 31. New Bauxipalli Yes Yes - CRZ-III Yes - CRZ-III No No 32. Marakandi No Yes - CRZ-I No No No 33. Sana Arjipalli Yes Yes - CRZ-III Yes - CRZ-III No No 34. Bandar No Yes - CRZ-III No No No

Puri District 35. Badabenakudi No Yes - CRZ-III No No No 36. Maensa No Yes - CRZ-III No No No 37. Sipia No Yes - CRZ-III No No No 38. Morada No Yes - CRZ-III No No No 39. Siala No Yes - CRZ-III No No No 40. Ramalenka No Yes - CRZ-I No No No 41. Fatepur Yes Yes - CRZ-III Yes - CRZ-III No No 42. Chhotipada Yes No No No No 43. Keutajanga Yes Yes - CRZ-III Yes - CRZ-III No No 44. Patasundarpur No No No No No 45. Sujanagar No No No No No 46. Tikana No No No No No 47. Kaliakana No No No No No 48. Chandrabhaga Yes Yes - CRZ-III Yes - CRZ-III No No 49. Tandahar No Yes - CRZ-III No No No 50. Daluakani No Yes - CRZ-III No No No Note: *EC = Environmental Clearance; *FC = Forest Clearance

• The proposed development does not involve destruction of ecological resources

and displacement of people.

• There will be no impact on National Park, Wild Life Sanctuary, Reserved/ Protected forest due to construction of MCS and approach roads.

• All the MCS will be constructed on government land except 3 locations – Chandanipal, Tandahar and Daluakani, where suitable government land is not available.


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• The owners of the private land at Chandanipal, Tandahar and Daluakani are willing to donate the land for construction of MCS. Therefore, preparation of RAP is not required.

• For strengthening of existing village roads (approach road) no private land will be acquired.

• Environmental Management Plan has been prepared to minimize the short term impact during construction phase.

• No impact is envisaged during operation phase.

• Construction of MCS will not only reduce the impact of disasters but also create a network of disaster infrastructure including roads and relief line.

• After construction of the MCS and the approach roads, the socio-economic condition of the locality will be greatly improved.

E.4 Public Consultation Meeting Outcome

Public consultation meetings called Palli Sabha were conducted for each MCS including the approach roads. Meetings were presided over by the Ward Member and attended by Gram Panchayat Executive Officer, Gram Rojgar Sevak, Sarpanch, representatives of concerned departments viz., Rural Development, Fishery Department, Revenue Department, etc., social and environment personnel of the consultant (Consulting Engineering Services India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi) and villagers. Palli Sabha meeting was conducted as per the established government procedure where a seven days notice was issued informing the date, time and venue of meeting to all concerned. A leaflet in local language providing the brief description of the project and its objectives was distributed among villagers in order to familiarize them with the subject matter for better participation and discussion. Consultations were initiated by the social and environmental personnel of the consultant after introduction by Sarpanch, Ward Member and other concerned. After the detailed discussion, a resolution was passed covering all issues/points discussed in the meeting. In some cases, there used to be disagreement with regard to one or two issues. Consultations continued till the time issues were resolved unanimously. The resolution was then passed and signed by the Sarpanch, Ward Member, Gram Panchayat Executive Officer, and all others concerned. Copy of the resolution in Oriya and English translation of each cyclone shelter and approach road is enclosed in the screening report. Broadly, the summary of Palli Sabha meeting is as under:

• The proposal of constructing a multipurpose cyclone shelter was highly welcomed

by the villagers. In every meeting, villagers reminded one and all present in the meeting about the frequent destruction caused by cyclones and floods and


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emphasized the need of cyclone shelters. • In majority places, participants agreed that the location/place identified for the

construction of the cyclone shelters are suitable and villagers did not have any objection on that. In some villages however, the location of cyclone shelters were not found suitable and alternate location was identified with the help of villagers which was unanimously agreed.

• In some meetings, individual as well as villagers offered to donate private land, if required for the construction of multipurpose cyclone shelters and approach roads.

• The villagers did not foresee adverse impacts of construction of multipurpose cyclone shelters on their livelihood, present occupation, social network and surrounding environment. Rather, participants stated that the proposed project would make their life better.

• Villagers also proposed that the building (cyclone shelter) could be utilized for school, Anganwadi Centre and a place of social and cultural activities.

• Some of the participants particularly, fishermen expressed hope that the building could also be used as a place for sewing and repairing of nets, one of the important activities carried out by the fishermen for fishing purpose.

• The community unanimously assured that during the time of flood and cyclone, there will be no problem among the villagers w.r.t. shelter on the ground of religion and caste.

• Participants present in the meeting expressed willingness and agreed to take the responsibility of the management and maintenance of the cyclone shelter.

• In some villages, the villagers demanded provision of drinking water as the quality of drinking water presently available is not suitable (saline) due to its proximity to sea.

• The participants of a few villages demanded provision of electricity in the cyclone shelters.

• In majority of the meetings, villagers said that approach road connecting cyclone shelter with main road should be built of concrete. They also demanded to raise the height of the approach road by at least 3 to 4 ft from the present local ground level, particularly those near to the Chilika Lake and the Bay of Bengal, so that it remains accessible even in times of flood.

PART–A ESMF SCREENING OF MULTIPURPOSE CYCLONE SHELTERS AND APPROACH ROADS

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The State of Orissa is one of the thirteen cyclone prone States in the country which are vulnerable to the destructive impacts of cyclones. The coastal districts of Orissa are prone to frequent cyclonic storms and concurrent flood hazards causing considerable loss of human lives, domestic animals, agriculture and other properties. The worst disaster of 20th century hit the coastal Orissa in the form of super cyclone on 29th&30th October 1999 inflicting severe damages in 14 districts of the State. Thousands of lives perished due to non availability of protected shelters, particularly in the areas prone to storm surge. In the after month of the super cyclone, the State Government decided to build elevated structures, which can withstand very high wind speeds and protect human and animal lives from flooding and saline inundation. The Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India drew up the National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (NCRMP) with a view to reducing the vulnerability of the coastal areas to cyclones. This project was later transferred to the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) with assistance from the World Bank.In this context, the Orissa State Disaster Management Authority (OSDMA) has submitted Investment Proposal (IP) to NDMA. The Investment proposal for the State of Orissa under NCRMP included three major sub-components namely: • Construction of 149 multipurposecyclone shelters (MCS) including 19 for fishermen

(FLCs) and 6 shelter cum godowns • Connectivity to proposed and existing cyclone shelters • Raising and strengthening of saline embankments- 156.98 km in 23 packages Initial investigation revealed that among the three sub-components, 50 multipurpose cyclone shelters and 156.98 km saline embankments are located in Coastal Regulation Zone. OSDMA has engaged Consulting Engineering Services (India) Private Limited, New Delhi to carryout environmental and social screening including preparation of Environmental & Social Management Plan in accordance with the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) developed for this project;to conduct Public Consultation Meeting for all the sub-components and preparation of documents for CRZ Clearance and any other clearance, if required. The study is to be carried out as per Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies of the World Bank, as well as, the relevant Notifications/Acts/Guidelines of the Central and State Governments,


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2.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND The Orissa coast (480 Km long) extends from Talsari (8 km south of Digha in the North) to Sonepur (12 km away from Behrampur towards South), forms a part of east coast on India and is prone to multiple hazards. The coastal territory is drained by a number of rivers like Mahanadi, Brahmani, Baitarani, Devi, Budhabalanga, Subarnarekha, Rushikulya and some other smaller ones. These rivers carry a large volume of sediments which have formed the huge single delta. The shoreline of Balasore & Bhadrak districts are a narrow strip of 4-8 km in breadth interrupted by estuaries and sand beaches. Kendrapara district shoreline is mainly covered by the typical mangrove vegetation. In Jagatsinghpur & Puri districts, the coastal strip is broken up by innumerable creeks & big estuaries influenced by Mahanadi & Devi rivers. The Ganjam coast is also interrupted by Rushikulya river. Hence Orissa coast is under uninterrupted influence of fresh water flow and delta building process. The coastline is in general oblique to the global wind system which generates strong littoral current and represents one of the world’s largest littoral drift areas, with 1 million m3 of drift at Paradip. The average spring tide in the Orissa coast varies from 1 m to 4 m. The average significant wave height is within 2 m. In the northern Orissa coast i.e. north of Dhamra coast, the tidal range increases and wave energy diminishes resulting in formation of mudflats. The brackish water coastal lagoon i.e. Chilika lagoon may have formed through coastal submergence mechanism followed by coastal emergence. The other important features of Orissa coast are mangroves, estuaries and sand dunes. The geographic location and physical environment of Orissa coast make it vulnerable to frequent cyclonic disturbances. The high wind speed together with torrential rain and storm surges associated with the cyclonic disturbances bring damages to the coastal settlements. More than 80% of the geographical area of the State and nearly 90% of the population are vulnerable to one or more disasters. With more than 60% of the population living at or below the poverty line, the degree of their socio-economic vulnerability increases due to repeated exposure to disasters. Some severe calamities faced by the State are as follows:

Year Calamity 1994 Flood 1995 Flood & Cyclone 1999 Super Cyclone 2001 Flood 2002 Flood 2003 Flood 2004 Flood 2005 Flood 2006 Flood



Year Calamity 2007 Flood 2008 Flood

A severe cyclonic storm hit the coastal districts in general and Ganjam district in particular on 17th and 18th October 1999 causing widespread and unprecedented damages to the life and property of those districts. Within a span of 10 days, the State was again hit by the most severe cyclone storm on 29th and 30th October, 1999 which ravaged all the coastal districts in general and Jagatsinghpur, Kendrapara, Cuttack, Khordha and Puri districts in particular. The devastation was so enormous that it was termed as Super Cyclone. The Super Cyclone was followed by torrential rains (447 mm to 955 mm rainfall) from 29th October to 1stNovember causing very high flood. In the after month of the Super Cyclone, it was realized that death toll was high due to non-availability of safe shelter buildings in the coastal villages, which could have withstood the intensity of the cyclone and storm surge. Hence, it is proposed to construct some Multipurpose Cyclone Shelter (MCS) in the coastal districts, which can withstand very high wind speeds and protect human and animal lives during disaster. The locations of MCS are identified through a scientific survey conducted by Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur with two major postulates i.e. no person will have to travel more than 2.25 km to get a safe shelter and without crossing a natural barrier.



3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.1 Project Objectives

The main objectives of the project are: 1. To provide minimum 2 sq. ft of usable space for safe shelter to the vulnerable

people at the time of disaster through disaster resistant concrete structures within 2.25 Km from their locations.

2. To save human lives and livestock and to ensure their sustenance by providing basic needs such as electricity, drinking water and sanitation during cyclones and storm surge.

3. To safeguard basic assets needed by the people to survive after cyclone. 4. To use as integrated service delivery centers such as immunization programmes,

feeding, social, cultural and educational programmes and to develop these MCSs as a center of community preparedness through active participation of vulnerable communities.

5. To link these MCS with Disaster Management Plans being prepared at village, Gram Panchayat and Block level with involvement of PRI members and other stakeholders.

6. To create a reliable all weather road network that connects cyclone shelters with different served villages from where transport, relief and rehabilitation operation can be coordinated in the event of a natural disaster.

3.2 Project Component

The main components of the project are construction of multipurpose cyclone shelters, link road for cyclone shelters and raising & strengthening of saline embankments. A brief write up on cyclone shelter and approach road are presented below. For saline embankment, separate report will be submitted. 3.2.1 Cyclone Shelters (CS)

A total of 50 new multipurposecyclone shelters including 19 for fishermen (FLCs) are proposed to be constructed under the project with an area of 10,000 sq ft (100ft x100ft). The cyclone shelter will be constructed with stilt floor; stilt height will be varying from 3.0 m to 4.0 m as per site condition. The plinth level of the shelters will be above normal HFL and should be minimum 1.5 m above the existing ground level. Thus the people who occupy the building will be fully safe even when the water level is about 6 m above ground level. In addition to the staircase, a ramp with grade of 1:12 will be provided so that invalid, old disable persons can be taken to the shelter. Separate toilets for ladies and gents with septic tank and water supply arrangement, overhead tank etc. will be provided. Roof top rainwater harvesting will be done and rainwater will be stored in the sunken floor in the toilet block for utilization. Tube well with submersible pump



will also be provided. Alternative arrangement for power supply during emergency will be given by providing generator to each cyclone shelter. Cyclone shelters will help community in general and vulnerable sections of the community in particular, in accessing to safe shelters in the time of natural disasters. Cyclone shelters have been proposed to be in existing school campus barring a few isolated cases where enough land is not available. This has been done keeping in view that during disaster time it will cater to community as shelter and otherwise it will be used as school or for other community purposes. It will also act as a central place for neighbouring villages for dissemination of information, warnings and receiving and distributing relief materials and also post disaster activities. During normal times i.e., when there are no emergencies, they can be used as schools or for other community purposes. Design Criteria: The shelters will be designed to withstand wind velocity of 300 km per hour and roof live load of 500 kg per sq. m as per IS:875. It will be designed as earthquake resistant also. The foundation will be normally with under reamed pile and the pile cap will be below the ground level so that the piles will be free from scouring. The pile will be designed as per IS:2911. The super structure will be off RCC frame. The design of RCC column and beams will be as per IS:456/2000 considering “severe condition” as these shelters will be located in the coastal belt with saline influence. Slag cement and corrosion resistant steel will be used to resist the saline action. All RCC works will be with M30 concrete with adequate cover as per “severe condition”. Plastering will be with cement mortar 1:4 grading. Plaster with water proofing compound will be provided over RCC roof. Mild slope in the roof will be done for proper drainage of the rainwater. Proposed Activities at Implementation Stage: • Site development • Arrangement of accessibility for transfer of men and materials

View of Multipurpose Cyclone Shelter



• Implementation of civil works and other services like water supply, sanitation and electrical works

• Implementation of Environmental Management Plan prepared for construction stage

• Social orientation of community and formation of Cyclone Shelter Management & Maintenance Committee (CSMMC) including opening the Bank account and transfer of the Corpus Fund

• Development of IEC materials – booklets, leaflets etc. • Training of CSMMC members Management: Sustainable maintenance and management of MCS would be possible through community participation. To ensure sustainable management, community management team i.e. CSMMC will be formed and imparted managerial training. Maintenance: CSMMCs will be entrusted with day-to-day maintenance of MCS, though overall charge will be with RD Department. The committee will collect suitable maintenance fees from the users by putting them to use for social functions and community based cultural activities. Besides the Corpus Fund @ 2% of the construction cost per shelter per year for 5 years will be provided to the CSMMCs to strengthen them for maintenance of the buildings. The Corpus Fund money will be deposited by OSDMA in Postal term deposit schemes or in the nearest Bank in the joint account of the CSMMC with a LOCK-IN system. The committee can not withdraw the principal amount for a minimum period of 10 years and without prior permission of OSDMA. They can only utilize the annual interest accrued on the deposit and can spend along with the users fees collected towards maintenance of the MCS.

3.2.2 ApproachRoads for Cyclone Shelters It is proposed to provide all weather approach roads connecting the cyclone shelters with villages, which are not covered under PMGSY or other schemes. By this not only the villagers will be able to move easily to the cyclone shelters during emergency, but also relief materials can be transported and distributed. Unless these shelters are well connected, their functioning will not be beneficial and effective. Since these approach roads will be subjected to worst natural conditions like submergence under water, heavy rain, very high wind pressure, storm and tidal surge etc., these roads in general will have concrete roads as per the standards of the PMGSY roads. Concrete roads have been proposed with 3.0 m carriage way with both side shoulders of 1.5 m width on either side and slope provided



with concrete block pitching up to ordinary flood level and road side drains.The approach roads will be helpful for easy access to the cyclone shelters and will minimize the loss of life as well as livestock. Design Criteria: Detailed survey and investigation including soil exploration will be conducted as per the guidelines of IRC and designs will be prepared for the road as well as the CD works as per the guidelines. Since these are the village roads, it is proposed to design as per SP 20 of IRC. The recommendation of IRC for construction in waterlogged area will also be followed. The RCC works and other masonry works (ordinary concrete) will be done as per the guidelines of IRC as well as IS 456/ 2000 taking in account severe condition for the coastal belt. Corrosion Resistant Steel and slag cement will be used, wherever there is possibility of saline influence in the coastal region.



4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS & LEGAL FRAMEWORK

4.1 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 The Environment (Protection) Act is the most comprehensive law on the subject. The law grants power to the Central Government to take all measures necessary to protect and improve the quality of environment and to prevent pollution of the environment. In terms of responsibilities, the Act and the associated Rules requires for obtaining environmental clearances for specific types of new/expansion projects (addressed under Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 14th September 2006) and for submission of an environmental statement to the State Pollution Control Board annually.

4.2 EIA Notification, 2006

As per the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 14th September 2006 and its amendment up to December 2009, new projects or activities require Prior Environmental Clearance. Projects have been grouped under Category ‘A’ requiring clearance from Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of MoEF, GoI and Category ‘B’ requiring clearance from the State Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC). The concerned Committee (EAC or SEAC) will finalize the TOR on the basis of Form-1, proposed TOR & Pre-Feasibility/ Feasibility Report. Environmental Impact Assessment study is to be carried out as per the TOR provided by the Committee. Public Hearing is required for Category ‘A’ project. Building and construction projects with ≥ 20,000 sq. m and < 1,50,000 sq. m of built up area is categorized as ‘B’ and Environmental Clearance is to be obtained from State EAC. New National Highways and expansion of national highways greater than 30 km involving additional right of way greater than 20m involving land acquisition and passing through more than one state is categorized as ‘A’ and Environmental Clearance is to be obtained from EAC of MoEF. All State Highway projects and expansion of state highway in hilly terrain (above 1,000 m AMSL) and or Ecologically Sensitive areas is categorized as ‘B’ and Environmental Clearance is to be obtained from State EAC

4.3 Coastal Regulation Zone Notification (CRZ), 1991 Central Government have declared the coastal stretches of seas, bays, estuaries, creeks, rivers and back waters which are influenced by tidal action (in the landward side) up to 500m from the High Tide Line (HTL) and the land between the Low Tide Line (LTL) & High Tide Line (HTL) as “Coastal Regulation Zone” (CRZ). As per the provisions of the CRZ Notification, 19th February 1991 and its amendment up to October 2001:



For regulating development activities, the coastal stretches within 500 meters of High Tide Line on the landward side are classified into four categories, namely: • CRZ-I: Areas that are ecologically sensitive and important, such as national parks /

marine parks, sanctuaries, reserve forests, wildlife habitats, mangroves, corals / coral reefs, areas close to breeding and spawning grounds of fish and other marine life, areas of outstanding natural beauty / historically / heritage areas, areas rich in genetic diversity, areas likely to be unundated due to rise in sea level consequent upon global warming and such other areas, and Area between low tide line and the high tide line

• CRZ-II: The areas that have lread been developed upto or close to the shoreline.

For this purpose, “developed area” is referred to as that area within the municipal limits or in other legally designated urban areas which are already substantially built up and which have been provided with drainage and approach roads and other infrastructural facilities, such as water supply and sewerage mains.

• CRZ-III: Areas that are relatively undisturbed and those which do not belong to

either CRZ-I or CRZ-II. These will include coastal zone in the rural areas (developed and undeveloped) and also areas within Municipal limits or in other legally designated urban areas which are not substantially built up.

• CRZ-IV: Coastal stretches in the Andaman & Nicobar, Lakshadweep and small

islands, except those designated as CRZ-I, CRZ-II or CRZ-III. The development or construction activities in different categories of CRZ area shall be regulated by the concerned authorities at the State / Union Territory level, in accordance with norms stipulated in the CRZ regulation and in the state / UT coastal zone management plan.

o No new construction is permitted in CRZ-I o In CRZ-II areas, new buildings are permitted only on the landward side of the

existing (or approved) road or authorized structures o In CRZ-III areas:

- The area from 0 – 200 m from the HTL is the ‘No Development Zone’. The proposed sub-projects under the ICRMP are permissible in this zone subject to approvals from the Coastal Zone Management Authority or the Central Government, as the case may be.

- In CRZ-III areas, construction or reconstruction of dwelling units between 200 m and 500 m is permitted subject to certain restrictions on the number of dwelling units, height of structure, etc.

4.4 Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 and its amendment This Act provides for the conservation of forests and regulating diversion of forestlands for non-forestry purposes. When projects fall within forestlands, prior clearance is



required from relevant authorities under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. State Governments cannot de-reserve any forestland or authorize its use for any non-forest purposes without approval from the Central Government. For diversion of forestland, the project proponent needs to apply to the State Government. Depending on the area required to be diverted, the proposals are cleared by MoEF Regional or Central Offices provided that the cost of compensatory afforestation, cost of rehabilitation of endangered/rare species of flora/fauna, and the net present value of the forest resources are deposited upfront with the state Forest Department. • If the area of forests to be diverted exceeds 20 Ha (or 10 Ha in hilly area), prior

permission of Central Government is required; • If the area of forest to be diverted is between 5 to 20 Ha, the Regional Office of

Chief Conservator of Forests is empowered to approve; • If the area of forest to be diverted is below or equal to 5 HA, the State Government

can give permission; and, • If the area to be clear-felled has a forest density of more than 40%, permission to

undertake any work is needed from the Central Government, irrespective of the area to be cleared.

4.5 Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution)Act, 1974 & Air (Prevention & Control of

Pollution)Act, 1981 These two laws are in force to prevent and control land-based pollution. These laws prescribe the standards for effluent discharge and air emissions and established the State Pollution Control Board to enforce the provisions of the Acts. The requirement is to obtain a No Objection Certificate i.e., Consent to Establish and Consent to Operate from State Pollution Control Board.

4.6 Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 The legal requirement is to obtain from ASI a no-objection certificate if any protected cultural property is within 10km of the project.

4.7 The Land Acquisition Act (LA) of 1894

The private land acquisition will be guided by the provisions and procedures outlined in this Act. As per the LA Act, the District Collector or any other officer designated will function as the Land Acquisition Officer on behalf of the Government. There is a provision for consent award to reduce the time for processing if the land owners are willing to agree for the price fixed by the Land Acquisition Officer. The option of acquiring lands through private negotiations is also available.

4.8 National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2007



This policy strikes a balance between the need for land for developmental activities & protecting the interests of land owners and others. The benefits under the new policy are available to all Project Affected Persons (PAP) & families whose land, property or livelihood is adversely affected by land acquisition, involuntary displacement due to natural calamities, etc.

4.9 World Bank Policies

The objective of World Bank policies is to prevent and mitigate undue harm to people and the environment in the development process. These policies provide guidelines for the identification, preparation, and implementation of programs and projects. The NCRM project has been designed with full compliance to the requirement of World Bank safeguard policies.The following policies are relevant for the project. Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01): The policy states that EA and mitigation plans are required for all projects having significant adverse environmental impacts or involuntary resettlement. EA’s should include analysis of alternative designs and sites, or consideration of “no option” requiring public participation and information disclosure before the Bank approves the project. In World Bank operations, the purpose of Environmental Assessment is to improve decision making, to ensure that project options under consideration are sound and sustainable, and that potentially affected people have been properly consulted and their concerns addressed. Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12): The Bank’s Operational Policy 4.12: Involuntary Resettlement is triggered in situations involving involuntary taking of land and involuntary restrictions of access to legally designated parks and protected areas. The policy aims to avoid involuntary resettlement to the extent feasible, or to minimize and mitigate its adverse social and economic impacts. It promotes participation of displaced people in resettlement planning and implementation, and its key economic objective is to assist displaced persons in their efforts to improve or at least restore their incomes and standards of living after displacement. The policy prescribes compensation and other resettlement measures to achieve its objectives and requires that borrowers prepare adequate resettlement planning instruments prior to Bank appraisal of proposed projects. Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10): The World Bank Policy on indigenous peoples, OP/BP 4.10, Indigenous Peoples, underscores the need for borrowers and Bank staff to identify indigenous peoples, consult with them, ensure that they participate in, and benefit from Bank funded operations in a culturally appropriate way – and that adverse impacts on them are avoided, or where not feasible, minimized or mitigated. Cultural Property (OP/BP 4.11): The World Bank Policy OP / BP 4.11 defines Physical cultural resources as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features and landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural



significance. Physical cultural resources may be located in urban or rural settings, and may be above or below ground, or under water. Their cultural interest may be at the local, provincial or national level, or within the international community. The Bank assists countries to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts on physical cultural resources from development projects that it finances. The impacts on physical cultural resources resulting from project activities, including mitigating measures, may not contravene either the borrower’s national legislation, or its obligations under relevant international environmental treaties and agreements. The borrower addresses impacts on physical cultural resources in projects proposed for Bank financing, as an integral part of the environmental assessment (EA) process. Natural Habitat (OP 4.04): The policy implementation ensures that Bank-supported development projects give proper consideration to the conservation of natural habitats, in order to safeguard their unique biodiversity and ensure the sustainability of the environmental services and products which natural habitats provide to human society. This policy is applicable when a project (including any subproject under a sector investment or financial intermediary loan) with the potential to cause significant conversion (loss) or degradation of natural habitats, whether directly (through construction) or indirectly (through) human activities induced by the project).



5.0 METHODOLOGY 5.1 Environmental & Social Screening

• Environmental and social screening was carried out for cyclone shelter and

approach road per the work plan submitted to OSDMA. To carry out the screening survey, 3 (three) teams were been formed. Out of the 3 teams, 2 teams conducted screening survey and 1 team collected revenue maps of affected villages. All the 3 teams worked together in one district and after completion; they took up the work in the next district. Screening exercise was carried by the named team members (environmental and social) with help from eight local people hired for this project.

• After the start-up meeting, following documents were collected from OSDMA:

a) Environmental & Social Management Framework b) Investment Proposal – Multipurpose Cyclone Shelters & Approach Road c) Investment Proposal – Saline Embankment d) Map showing proposed MCS sites of 6 districts e) Authorization letter f) List of multipurpose cyclone shelters along with location details like plot no,

khata no, name of village etc. • Before visiting a particular site, concerned officials of Rural Development

Department and Fishery Department in the District were contacted for necessary guidance.

• At the time of screening survey the concerned Junior Engineer of the respective

department and Revenue Inspector (RI) were present to identify the proposed site for cyclone shelter and alignment of approach road.

• The study team on arrival at the site conduct a transect walkalong the proposed

approach road, site selected for cyclone shelter and its surrounding area. Villagers and concerned officials also joined theteam during such transect walk.

• The environmental and social screening format as provided by the OSDMA (part of

RFP) was filled at site through visual observation and in consultation with local villagers, Forest Officials etc.

• Location of following environmentally sensitive areas with 1 km radius of the

cyclone shelter and approach road were collected during the survey:

1. Biosphere Reserve 2. National Park 3. Wildlife/ Bird Sanctuary



4. Tiger/ Elephant reserve 5. Wetland 6. Important bird areas 7. Coastal area with coral 8. Mangrove areas 9. Estuaries with mangrove 10. Natural lakes 11. Swamp/ mudflats 12. Habitat of wildlife 13. Migratory route of wild animals/ birds 14. Reserved/ Protected Forest 15. Zoological / Botanical Park 16. World Heritage sites 17. Archeological Monuments (under ASI’s Central / State list) 18. Reservoir / Dam

• Garmin make Global Positioning System (GPS) instrument has been utilized

during the survey to note the latitude & longitude of each site.

• Trees (species and girth size wise) and structures (by typology- construction material used) within the proposed ROW of approach road was noted during the survey.

• Information regarding the requirement of private land for strengthening of approach

road was also noted. • OSDMA has procured CRZ Maps for the entire State of Orissa from OrissaRemote

Sensing Application Centre (ORSAC) and the correspondingTopographical Maps with respect to the CRZ maps fromSurvey of India, Bhubaneswar.

• After field survey, all the GPS data have been plotted in the CRZ maps and

topographical maps available with OSDMA. This exercise was carried out to identify whether the proposed cyclone shelter and approach roads are coming in CRZ and environmental sensitive areas which are coming within 7 km radius of the site as required for CRZ Clearance.

• To supplement the primary data, information regarding World Heritage sites,

Archeological Monuments was further collected from Archeological Survey of India, Bhubaneswar Circle and Orissa State Archeological Department.

• Information regarding National Park, Biosphere Reserve, Wildlife Sanctuary etc.

were collected the Office of Chief Wildlife Warden, Bhubaneswar. • The doubtful areas were further verified in the fieldand modified accordingly.



• Finally, result of Environmental and Social Screening has been prepared based on the analysis of primary and secondary data,

5.2 Public Consultation Meeting (PCM)

• Public consultation meetings were conducted for each cyclone shelter including

those located in fish landing centre and approach roads.

• A leaflet providing brief description of the project, its objectives and importance of public consultation meeting was prepared in local language (Oriya) to disseminate information among villagers. The leaflet was submitted to OSDMA for suggestions, modifications and approval. After approval from the OSDMA, the leaflet was printed for distribution among villagers.

• A time schedule for holding PCMs was prepared and submitted to OSDMA for

information & finalization.

• After finalizing the time schedule, a team comprising local persons were sent to the concerned villages in each district for establishing contacts with respective village heads/ Panchayat Raj representatives for holding Public Consultation Meeting i.e., Palli Sabha Meeting. It is important to mention here that for holding Palli Sabha Meeting, a minimum of seven days advance notice is required as per the State Government instruction.

• Accordingly local gram panchayat convened palli sabha meetings as per the existing

procedure and practice.

• Simultaneously, printed leaflets were distributed among villagers during the time of invitation keeping in view that villagers would discuss about the proposed sub-project among themselves and prepares themselves for Palli Sabha Meeting.

• The Palli Sabha meetings were presided over by the Ward Member and attended by

Gram Panchayat Executive Officer; Gram Rojgar Sevak; local Sarpanch; concerned officers of Rural Development& Fishery Department; representative of Revenue Department and Social and Environment Expert of Consultant (CES) engaged by OSDMA apart from the villagers.

• On the day of Palli Sabha Meeting, once again leaflets were distributed among the

member present for dissemination of information so as to ensure that all present at the meeting were aware of the agenda about to be discussed. Social and Environment Expert of CES describe the overview of the project, its objectives and importance of consultations to villagers and then initiate the public discussion. Villagers are then requested to talk freely about their concerns, issues, opinions, suggestions, etc. one by one so that each one’s view can be properly recorded.



• After the detailed discussion is over, a resolution is prepared highlighting the issues

by the Gram Panchayat. The resolution is then signed by the Sarpanch, Ward Member, Gram Panchayat Executive Officer, and others concerned. The copy of the Resolution is collected for record.



6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES OF THE STUDY AREA 6.1 Climate

Orissa lying just South of the Tropic of Cancer, has a tropical climate. It is warm almost throughout the year. In the coastal districts, the climate is equable but highly humid and sticky with hot summer from March to Mid June, a humid monsoon or rainy season stretching from Mid June to September, a short post-monsoon season during October and November, and winter spanning between December and February. Therefore, climatologically, four seasons viz. summer (pre-monsoon), monsoon, post-monsoon and winter could be deciphered comprising the following months: Summer : March, April, May Monsoon : June, July, August, September Post-monsoon : October, November Winter : December, January, February. In summer, maximum temperature ranges between 35-45°C and the minimum temperature ranges between 12-20°C in winter. The south-west monsoon normally sets in between 5th June in the coastal plain. Weather tends to be oppressive during July due to high humidity and high temperature. The rest of the period of the monsoon is fairly comfortable due to reduced day temperatures, although humidity continues to be high. The average rainfall is 200 cm, experienced as the result of south west monsoon during July-September. The month of July is the wettest and the major rivers may get flooded. The state also experiences small rainfall from the retreating monsoon in the months of October-November. January and February are dry. Relative humidity is generally high about 75% throughout the year. Humidity in the coastal area is comparatively more than in the interior part. In Winter & Summer seasons relative humidity is slightly less than the monsoon season. The cyclonic storms during the monsoon which originate in the Bay of Bengal often cross the east coast between Paradeep and Chandbali and make a north-west ward journey. These causes widespread heavy rain and strong winds. There are two cyclonic peaks in their occurrence, one during May-July and the other during October-November. As far as the periodicity of the occurrence of the storms is concerned, the maximum number of cyclones occurred during south-west monsoon period followed by the post-monsoon period of the north-east monsoon and pre-monsoon period.



6.2 Soil Type and Land Use Pattern

Broadly, the soil of Orissa may be classified as transported and residual soil on the basis of its mode of formation. The catchment basins of the different drainage systems in Orissa are dominated by granite and gneissic rocks, which have resulted in a sandy soil. Clayey soils predominate the middle and lower reaches of the drainage channels. The coastal stretch of Orissa is dominated by Deltaic Alluvial soil followed by Saline & Sandy Saline Alkali soil and Coastal Alluvial soil. Site wise soil type and land use pattern within 10 km radius of the proposed MCS is presented in Table-1. District wise soil maps have been presented below:

Source: National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land use Planning

Figure-1 Soil Map of Baleswar District




Figure-2 Soil Map of Bhadrak District

Figure-3 Soil Map of Kendrapara &Jagatsinghpur Districts





Figure-4 Soil Map of Ganjam District

Figure-5 Soil Map of Puri District



Table-1Soil Type & Land Use Pattern (within 10 Km radius) of MCS & Approach Roads S. N.

Name of MCS Including FLC

Soli Type Land Use Pattern (10 Km radius)

District - Balasore 1. Jamkunda Coastal Alluvial Agricultural, habitation, water body 2. Jambharai Saline & Saline Alkali Agricultural, habitation, water body 3. Kayakadala Coastal Alluvial Agricultural, habitation, water body 4. Sirkona Coastal Alluvial Agricultural, habitation, water body 5. Gudu Coastal Alluvial Agricultural, habitation, water body 6. Khadu Coastal Alluvial Agricultural, habitation 7. Kalamatiapahi Coastal Alluvial Agricultural, habitation 8. Kankadapal Coastal Alluvial Agricultural, habitation, water body 9. Bahabalpur Coastal Alluvial Agricultural, water body 10. Jamuka Coastal Alluvial Agricultural, habitation, water body 11. Panchubisa Coastal Alluvial Agricultural, habitation, water body 12. Khumbhiragadi Coastal Alluvial Agricultural, habitation, water body 13. Kirtania Jalpahi Coastal Alluvial Agricultural, habitation, water body 14. Talsari Coastal Alluvial Agricultural, habitation, water body

District - Bhadrak 15. Adhuan CS Saline & Saline Alkali Soil Agricultural, habitation 16. Kasia FLC Saline & Saline Alkali Soil Agricultural, coastal wetland & water body 17. Chandanipal FLC Saline & Saline Alkali Soil Agricultural, mangrove, forest, fallow land &

habitation District - Kendrapara

18. Gokhakhati CS Deltaic Alluvial Soils Agricultural, plantation, water body 19. Radia CS Deltaic Alluvial Soils Agricultural, plantation & habitation 20. Jamboo FLC Deltaic Alluvial Soils Water body, mangrove, forest & agricultural 21. Kajalpatia FLC Deltaic Alluvial Soils Water body, mangrove & agricultural 22. Tantiapal FLC Deltaic Alluvial Soils Agricultural, water body & forest

District - Jagatsinghpur 23. Badabandha CS Deltaic Alluvial Soils Agricultural, habitation & plantation 24. Sahadabedi CS Deltaic Alluvial Soils Agricultural, habitation & water body 25. Bandar FLC Deltaic Alluvial Soils Agricultural, habitation & water body

District - Ganjam 26. Sabulia Coastal Alluvial Soil Forest & agricultural 27. Niladripur Coastal Alluvial Soil Agricultural, forest, waste land 28. Ekasingi Coastal Alluvial Soil Agricultural, plantation, waste land 29. Patisonapur Coastal Alluvial Soil Agricultural, plantation 30. Ramayapatna Coastal Alluvial Soil Agricultural, plantation, waste land 31. New Bauxipalli Coastal Alluvial Soil Agricultural, plantation, wetland, fallow land &

habitation 32. Marakandi Coastal Alluvial Soil Agricultural, plantation, wetland, fallow land &

habitation 33. Sana Arjipalli Coastal Alluvial Soil Agricultural, plantation, waste land 34. Bandar Coastal Alluvial Soil Agricultural, plantation & habitation

District - Puri 35. Badabenakudi Deltaic Alluvial Soils Coastal wetland, water body, forest & plantation,



S. N.

Name of MCS Including FLC

Soli Type Land Use Pattern (10 Km radius)

agricultural 36. Maensa Saline & Sandy Saline Alkali

Soil Coastal wetland, water body, agricultural

37. Sipia Saline & Sandy Saline Alkali Soil

Coastal wetland, water body, & agricultural

38. Morada Saline & Sandy Saline Alkali Soil

Coastal wetland, water body, agricultural & plantation

39. Siala Saline & Sandy Saline Alkali Soil

Coastal wetland, water body, agricultural & plantation

40. Ramalenka Saline & Sandy Saline Alkali Soil

Coastal wetland, forest, agricultural & plantation

41. Fatepur Saline & Sandy Saline Alkali Soil

Agricultural, plantation, inland wetland

42. Chhotipada Deltaic Alluvial Soils Agricultural, habitation, forest 43. Keutajanga Deltaic Alluvial Soils Agricultural, habitation, forest 44. Patasundarpur Deltaic Alluvial Soils Agricultural, habitation, water body & plantation 45. Sujanagar Deltaic Alluvial Soils Agricultural, forest, habitation 46. Tikana Saline & Sandy Saline Alkali

Soil Forest, agricultural, plantation, habitation

47. Kaliakana Deltaic Alluvial Soils Agricultural habitation, plantation & coastal wetlands

48. Chandrabhaga Saline & Sandy Saline Alkali Soil

Forest & agricultural

49. Tandahar Deltaic Alluvial Soils Agricultural, habitation, forest 50. Daluakani Deltaic Alluvial Soils Agricultural, habitation, forest

6.3 Flora

The forest of Orissa house many useful plants such as, various timber species, orchids, medicinal plants and aromatic plants. About 33% of the total forest cover is predominated by sal (Shorea robusta), remaining is characterized by species such as teak(Tectona grandis), paisal (Prerocarpus marsupium) bandhan (Ougeinia oojeinensis), kangada (Xylia xylocarpa), kasi (Bridelia retusa), sisu (Dalbergia sisoo), asana (Terminalia alata), karuma (Adina cordifolia) and dheura (Anogeissus acuminata). Various types of bamboos (Bambusa spp.), sandalwood (Santalum album), sal seed, resins (Jhuna), kendu (Diospyros melanoxylon) leaves, canes (Calamus app.), salap (Caryota urens) are some of the important minor forest products. Ambo (Mangifera indica), bel (Aegel marmelos), siris (Albizzia lebbek), karanj (Pongamia pinnata), jamun (Syzygium cumini), tentuli (Tamarindus indica), neem (Azadirachta indica), arjun (Terminalia arjuna), bamboo (Bambusa tulda), coconut (Cocos nucifera), tal (Borassua flabellifer) and khajuri (Phoenix sylvestris) etc. have been observed in an around of the project sites.



6.4 Coastal Vegetation The coastal belt of Orissa is rich in plant resources, which harbor mangrove and other types of plant species. The mangrove formation is the peculiarity of the coastal zone. These formations are met within the swamps either always or periodically inundated by tidal water. The flora is of evergreen nature. The most common species found in the coastal area are Sunderi (Heritiera fomes), Tunda (Lumnitzera racemosa), Rai (Rhizophora species), Sisumar (Xylocarpus granatum), Pitmari (Xylocarpus gangeticus), Poonanga (Calophyllum inophyllum), Kia (Pandanus fascicularis), Limba (Azadirachta indica), Tala (Borassus flabellifer), Nadia (Cocos nucifera), Kia (Pandanus fascicularia), Hental (Phoenix paludosa)etc. Casuarinas, Pulmonary Nuts, Cashew Nuts, Palm and Coconuts have been planted along the coast to minimize the cyclonic effect. Casuarina (Casuarina equisetifolia) forms good shelter belt plantation and also helps in stabilizing sand dunes. Extensive shelter belt plantations are raised in coastal areas of Orissa. It protects soil erosion by reducing wind speed. The fine network of sub-surface roots also protects the soil against rain and wind. Because of its capability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, it improves the environmentally degraded soils.

6.5 Ecologically Sensitive Areas In Orissa, there are 18 (eighteen) Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks (Figure-6), out of which only 4 are coming within 10km radius of the proposed MCS sites and approach roads. These areChilka Lake (Nalaban Bird Sanctuary), Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary,Bhitarkanika National Park and Balukhand Konark Sanctuary. A brief write up about these Sanctuaries& National Parks are presented in this section. Apart from Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park, there are several Reserved Forest and Protected Forest which are coming within 10 km radius of the proposed MCS sites. Distance of Wildlife Sanctuary, National Parks and Reserved/ Protected Forest from the proposed MCS sites are presented in Table-2.



Table-2 Ecologically Sensitive Areas within 10 Km radius of Proposed MCS

S. N. Name of MCS Including FLC

District Name of the Ecologically Sensitive Areas

Distance from the proposed MCS

site 1. Jamkunda Balasore No - 2. Jambharai Balasore No - 3. Kayakadala Balasore No - 4. Sirkona Balasore Chandipur Reserved Forest 0.2 Km

Parkhi Reserved Forest 1.0 Km 5. Gudu Balasore No - 6. Khadu Balasore No - 7. Kalamatiapahi Balasore No - 8. Kankadapal Balasore No - 9. Bahabalpur Balasore No - 10. Jamuka Balasore No - 11. Panchubisa Balasore No - 12. Khumbhiragadi Balasore Mangrove Swamp 1.7 Km 13. Kirtania Jalpahi Balasore Mangrove Swamp 0.4 Km 14. Talsari Balasore Udaipur Reserved Forest 0.85 Km

Mangrove Swamp 0.95 Km 15. Adhuan Bhadrak Mangrove Swamp 4.2 km 16. Kasia Bhadrak Mangrove Swamp 0.74 Km 17. Chandanipal Bhadrak Kalibhanj Dian Reserved Forest 2.77 km

Katiakhal Reserved Forest 3.3 km Mangrove Swamp 5.2 km

18. Gokhakhati Kendrapara No - 19. Radia Kendrapara No - 20. Jamboo Kendrapara Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary 3.0 Km

Jamboo Reserved Forest 2.0 Km Bhitar Kharinasi Reserved Forest 2.8 km

Hatamundia Reserved Forest 7.0 Km 21. Kajalpatia Kendrapara Hatamundia Reserved Forest 0.6 Km

Bhitar Kharinasi Reserved Forest 2.6 Km Jamboo Reserved Forest 6.5 Km

Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary 2.6 Km 22. Tantiapal Kendrapara Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary 2.8 Km 23. Badabandha Jagatsinghpur NO - 24. Sahadabedi Jagatsinghpur Protected Forest 1.1 Km 25. Bandar Jagatsinghpur Bandar Protected Forest 0.15 Km

Nadiakhia Protected Forest 0.45 Km Mankarhakhai Protected Forest 0.98 Km

Sahan Protected Forest 4.0 Km






site 26. Sabulia Ganjam Sanoghati Reserved Forest 1.7 Km Sonakera Protected Forest 2.6 Km Talakhol Reserved Forest 4.5 Km Karakhol Reserved Forest 5.2 Km Handigoda Protected Forest 4.5 Km Babulo Reserved Forest 4.2 Km Banibara Reserved Forest 4.3 Km Ranibara Reserved Forest 5.3 Km Ambilijhar Protected Forest 5.5 Km Ghantasila Protected Forest 3.2 Km Nandighar Protected Forest 5.4 Km Chilka Lake 0.37 Km 27. Niladripur Ganjam Turtle Nesting Site 1.3 Km 28. Ekasingi Ganjam No - 29. Patisonapur Ganjam No - 30. Ramayapatna Ganjam No - 31. New Bauxipalli Ganjam No - 32. Marakandi Ganjam No - 33. Sana Arjipalli Ganjam No - 34. Bandar Ganjam No - 35. Badabenakudi Puri Rorang Protected Forest 3.4 Km

Kalikabarhi Protected Forest 3.6 Km Chilka Lake 0.3 Km 36. Maensa Puri Rambhartiya Protected Forest 2.2 Km Chilka Lake 0.06 Km 37. Sipia Puri Nalaban Bird Sanctuary 5.0 Km

Rambhartiya Protected Forest 4.8 Km Chilka Lake 0.06 Km 38. Morada Puri Brahmapur Protected Forest 3.5 Km Chilka Lake 0.35 Km 39. Siala Puri Chilka Lake 0.042 Km 40. Ramalenka Puri Pithisla Protected Forest 1.1 Km

Casuarina Protected Forest 0.9 Km Chilka Lake 0.065 Km 41. Fatepur Puri Pithisla Protected Forest 1.3 Km Chilka Lake 0.026 Km 42. Chhotipada Puri Naryamatha Protected Forest 1.6 Km

Golara Protected Forest 1.7 Km Balukhand Konark Sanctuary Within 7 Km

43. Keutajanga Puri Naryamatha Protected Forest 3.3 Km






site Golara Protected Forest 3.7 Km

44. Patasundarpur Puri Balukhand Konark Sanctuary Within 7 km 45. Sujanagar Puri Liyakhiya Protected Forest 3.6 Km

Balukhand Konark Sanctuary Within 7 km Balighai Protected Forest 5.6 Km

46. Tikana Puri Balukhand Konark Sanctuary 0.4 Km Balighai Protected Forest 0.74 Km

47. Kaliakana Puri Sohan Protected Forest 5.7 Km Balukhand Konark Sanctuary Within 7 km

48. Chandrabhaga Puri Balukhand Konark Sanctuary 0.4 Km Konark (East) Protected Forest 0.3 Km Konark (West) Protected Forest 0.3 Km

49. Tandahar Puri Naryamatha Protected Forest 2.3 Km Golara Protected Forest 2.7 Km

Balukhand Konark Sanctuary Within 7 km 50. Daluakani Puri Sohan Protected Forest 3.0 km

Balukhand Konark Sanctuary Within 7 km



Source: www.orissa.gov.in/forest&environment

Figure-6 Location of Wildlife Sanctuaries & National Parks in Orissa

6.5.1 Chilka Lake (Nalaban Bird Sanctuary) Chikla lagoon lies in the districts of Puri, Khurda and Ganjam in the state of Orissa. Chilka lies about 50 km south-west of Puri city. The lagoon is surrounded by a strip of silted and reclaimed land. It is the largest brakish water lagoon in Asia with estuarine character and wintering ground for migratory water-fowl. It is one of the hot spot of biodiversity in the country. Some rare, vulnerable and endangered species listed in the IUCN Red List of threatened Animals, inhabit the lake area. It is a highly productive ecosystem with rich fishery resources. The area of the lagoon varies between 1165 sq. km to 906 sq. km during the monsoon and summer months respectively. Based on its rich biodiversity and socio-economic importance, Chilka Lake was designated by the Government of Indiaas a Ramser Site in 1981. The Nalabana Bird Sanctuary is located within the lagoon. The Nalabana Bird Sanctuary and the lagoon is well known to be the largest bird congregation site in the Indian sub-continent. A diverse group of bird species have been recorded in Chilka, which includes 225 species belonging to 50 families. Of the 225 species, 100 are migratory. Migratory water birds from Artic Russia, West Aisa, Europe,

http://www.orissa.gov.in/forest&environment



North & East Siberia and Mongolia visit this wetland to spend the winter. The study undertaken by Chilka Development Authority and Bombay Natural History Society between 2001 and 2007 revealed that over 700,000 to 950,000 birds utilize the lake annually.

Source: Panda S. et al, 2008. The Atlas of Chilika, Chilika Development Authority, Bhubaneswar Among the 20 species of ducks and geese recorded at Chilka Lake, Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) and Gadwall (Anas srepera) are the two most abundant species. Among the other ducks, Northern Shoveller (Anas chypeata), Garganey (Anas querquedula) and Common Pochard (Aythya ferina) are the dominant species in Chilka Lake. In Chilka, 48 species of waders has been recorded. Some of the important avifauna of the Nalabana Bird Sanctuary are Dalmatian Pelican (Pelecanus crispus), Spot-billed Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis), Pallas’s Fish-eagel (Haliaeetus leucoryphus), Indian Skimmer (Rynchops albicollis), Spoonbill Sandpiper (Calidris pygmeus), Lesser Adjutant

Nalabana Bird Sanctuary

Figure – 7 Satellite Imagery of Chilka Lake and Nalabana Bird Sanctuary



(Leptoptilos javannicus), Greater Adjutant (Leptoptilos dubius), Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala), Lesser Flamingo (Phoenicopterus minor), Black-bellied Tern (Sterna acuticauda) etc.

6.5.2 Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary

Gahirmatha is a sandy coast situated in Kendrapara district, Rajanagar taluk on the northeastern part of Orissa state. The area extends approximately along 35-40 km stretch of the coastline from Maipura river mouth in the North up to Hansua river mouth in the south. The beach is more or less flat with scattered sand dunes of 2-3 m height. The average beach width is 80 m above the high tide line although in some places the width exceeds 100 m. The Gahirmatha coast which separates the Bhitarkanika mangroves from the Bay of Bengal is well-known for housing the the world's largest rookery of the Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea)sea turtles. Olive Ridley sea turtle has found place in Schedule-I of Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act,1972 (amended 1991). All the species of sea turtles in the coastal water of Orissa are listed as"endangered" as per IUCN Red Data Book. The sea turtle are protected under the 'MigratorySpecies Convention' and CITES (Convention of International Trade on Wildlife Flora andFauna). To provide protection and proper management for Olive Ridley turtle breeding and nesting ground of Gahirmatha, the Government of Orissa has declared it as a Marine Sanctuary. The notification for declaring the Marine Sanctuary was published in the extraordinary issue No.1268 of the Orissa Gazette dated 17thOctober 1997. The fishing area of Gahirmatha coast became restricted in 1993 and fishing was completely banned in this area in 1997, when Gahirmatha was given the status of a Marine Sanctuary. The core area of the sanctuary is 725 sq. km where fishing is prohibited throughout the year. The Buffer zone stretches over an average width of 10 km where fishing is restricted during the nesting season from December to April. The sanctuary is located between 20° 4’ N – 20° 8’ N latitude and 86° 45’ E – 87° 50’ E longitude covering an area of about 672 sq. km. The following species are found in the Gahirmatha coastal region; Lepidochelys olivacea, Avicennia alba, Avicennia officinalis, Avicennia marina, Lumnitzera racemosa, Exoecaria agallocha, Xylocarpus granatum, Xylocarpus mokongensi, Derris scandens, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera sexangula, Bruguiera parviflora, Bruguiera cylindrica, Ceriops decendra, and Ceriops tagal. About 0.2 – 0.7 million turtles are estimated to be visited Gahirmatha beach every year during early winter for mass nesting (Chadha and Kar 1999). However, the actual number varies year to year. During 1982, 1988, 1997 and 1998, only a few thousand turtles visited the coast for nesting. However, during 2000, maximum number of about 0.7 million turtles visited Gahirmatha. The Barrier island (Barrier ridge) called Ekakulanasi is the main turtle breeding groundof this coast.



6.5.3 Bhitarkanika National Park & Sanctuary Bhitarkanika National Park is located in the Kendrapara District of Orissa in India. The park encompasses with an area of 672 km of the Bhitarkanika Mangroves, a mangrove swamp which lies in the river delta of the Brahmani, Baitarani, and Dhamara rivers. The national park is surrounded by the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary. Gahirmatha Beach lies to the east, and separates the mangroves from the Bay of Bengal.The national park was created in September 1998 from the core area of the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, which had been created in 1975.


Figure-8 Index Map Showing the Boundary of Bhitarkanika National Park & Sanctuary

and Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary The park is home to the saltwater crocodile, white crocodile, Indian python, black ibis, wild pigs, rhesus monkeys, chitals, darters, cobra, water monitor lizard . Olive ridley sea-turtles nest on Gahirmatha and other nearby beaches.Bhitarkanika has one of the

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendrapara_District

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissa

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhitarkanika_Mangroves

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_delta

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmani_River

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baitarani_River

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dhamara_River&action=edit&redlink=1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gahirmatha_Beach

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal




largest populations of endangered saltwater crocodile in India and is globally unique in that 10 percent of the adults exceed 6 m length. Nearly 700 saltwater crocodiles inhabit the rivers and creeks.215 species of avifauna including eight varieties of Kingfishers. Birds such as Asian Open Bill, Cormorants, Darters, Black Ibis, Egrets, are frequently seen in the park.

6.5.4 Balukhand Konark Sanctuary The Balukhand Konark Sanctuary stretching for an area of 71.72 sq km is located in PuriDistrict between 85º 52’ to 86º 14’ longitude and latitudes 19º 48’ to 19º 54’ 85.Balukhand- Konark was declared as a sanctuary on 23rd April 1984 vide notification no.9013 which was further revised on 1st September1987 vide notification no. 15216.Though final notification has not been issued till date, it is being considered as DeemedWildlife Sanctuary as per the provision laid down in 1991 amended Wildlife ProtectionAct. The Sanctuary comes under the administrative control of Puri Wildlife Division,Puri district.


Figure-9 Index Map Showing the Boundary of Balukhand – Konark Sanctuary Balukhand-Konark Sanctuary is established on the sandy tract covered by plantation ofcasurina and cashew trees, along the coast between Puri and Konark. Apart fromcashew and casurina plantation, Australian acacia, and eucalyptus plantation has alsobeen done. Jamun, Ficus, Neem, Karanj, Polang trees are also found mostly along thecourse of the Khushabhadra and Nuanai river. The region is famous for the occurrence of large no. of Black bucks and Spotted Deer.Stripped hyena, Jungle Cat, Jackals etc can also be spotted in the area

6.6 Archeological Sites




In Orissa, there are 78 centrally protected monuments under the control of Central Government and 218 protected monuments under the control of State Government. However, none of these are located within 1km radius of the proposed MCS sites. Location wise detailed list of State and Centrally protected monuments are provided at the end of this report.



7.0 SCREENING OUTCOME

Environmental & social screening as per World Bank format has been done for each proposed multipurpose cyclone shelter site and approach roads. The screening outcome has been summarized and presented in Table-3 and Table-4. Site wise description, filled-up screening format and details of public consultation is provided in Part-B of this report.

Table-3Summary of Screening Outcome – MultipurposeCyclone Shelters & Approach Roads

S. N.

Name of MCSIncluding FLC

EIA/SIA Required

Abbreviated RAP

required

Full RAP

required

CRZ Clearance required

Environmental Clearance required

Forest Clearance required

Balasore District 51. Jamkunda No No No No No No 52. Jambharai No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 53. Kayakadala No No No No No No 54. Sirkona No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 55. Gudu No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 56. Khadu No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 57. Kalamatiapahi No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 58. Kankadapal No No No No No No 59. Bahabalpur No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 60. Jamuka No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 61. Panchubisa No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 62. Khumbhiragadi No No No No No No 63. Kirtania Jalpahi No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 64. Talsari No No No No No No

Bhadrak District 65. Adhuan No No No No No No 66. Kasia No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 67. Chandanipal No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No

Kendrapara District 68. Gokhakhati No No No No No No 69. Radia No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 70. Jamboo No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 71. Kajalpatia No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 72. Tantiapal No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No

Jagatsinghpur District 73. Badabandha No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 74. Sahadabedi No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 75. Bandar No No No Yes - CRZ-I No No

Ganjam District 76. Sabulia No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 77. Niladripur No No No No No No 78. Ekasingi No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 79. Patisonapur No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No



S. N.


EIA/SIA Required

Abbreviated RAP

required

Full RAP

required

CRZ Clearance required

Environmental Clearance required

Forest Clearance required

80. Ramayapatna No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 81. New Bauxipalli No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 82. Marakandi No No No Yes - CRZ-I No No 83. Sana Arjipalli No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 84. Bandar No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No

Puri District 85. Badabenakudi No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 86. Maensa No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 87. Sipia No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 88. Morada No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 89. Siala No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 90. Ramalenka No No No Yes - CRZ-I No No 91. Fatepur No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 92. Chhotipada No No No No No No 93. Keutajanga No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 94. Patasundarpur No No No No No No 95. Sujanagar No No No No No No 96. Tikana No No No No No No 97. Kaliakana No No No No No No 98. Chandrabhaga No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 99. Tandahar No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No 100.Daluakani No No No Yes - CRZ-III No No

Table-4Summary of Screening Outcome – Multipurpose Cyclone Shelters & Approach Roads S. N.


Khata No.

Plot No. Available Land

Land Status Approach Road required

Length of Road

Balasore District 1. Jamkunda 2602 7036 100ft x 75 ft Government Yes 1.1 Km 2. Jambharai 994 1542 100ft x 100ft Government Yes 0.25 Km 3. Kayakadala 325 551, 552 100ft x 100ft Government No - 4. Sirkona 1496 3747/ 3748 100ft x 100ft Government Yes 0.55 Km 5. Gudu 1525/642 5585/6381 100ft x 100ft Government Yes 0.42 Km 6. Khadu 27 141/142 100ft x 80ft Government No - 7. Kalamatiapahi 819 3405 100ft x 60 ft Government Yes 2.2 Km 8. Kankadapal 875 5167, 5161 100 ft x 100 ft Government Yes 2.6 Km 9. Bahabalpur 1347 5095 100 ft x 100 ft Government No - 10. Jamuka 797 4076/4454 100 ft x 100 ft Government Yes 2.4 Km 11. Panchubisa 2383 6896 100ft x 100ft Government Yes 0.8 Km 12. Khumbhiragadi 1237 2075 100ft x 100ft Government No - 13. Kirtania Jalpahi 939, 941 2686, 2688,

2677 100ft x 100ft Government No -

14. Talsari 270 879 100ft x 100ft Government No -



S. N.


Khata No.



Length of Road

475 1537 Bhadrak District

15. Adhuan CS 1212 2721 100ft x 100ft Government Yes 0.07 Km 16. Kasia FLC 1180 4913 100ft x 100ft Government Yes 4.67 Km 17. Chandanipal FLC 38 298 100ft x 100ft Private Yes 0.8 Km

Kendrapara District 18. Gokhakhati CS 195 253 100ft x 100ft Government Yes 1.15 Km 19. Radia CS 175 256 100ft x 100ft Government Yes 0.3 Km 20. Jamboo FLC 51 226, 756 100ft x 100ft Government No - 21. Kajalpatia FLC 8/5 134/135 50 ft x 50 ft Government No - 22. Tantiapal FLC 53 132, 133,

134 100ft x 100ft Government Yes 0.13 Km

Jagatsinghpur District 23. Badabandha CS 367 932 80ft x 100ft Government Yes 0.4 Km 24. Sahadabedi CS 187 614 100ft x 100ft Government No - 25. Bandar FLC 303 2820 100 ft x 100 ft Government No

Ganjam District 26. Sabulia 1286 5375, 5377 100ft x 100ft Government Yes 0.55 Km 27. Niladripur 352/142 1253, 1256,

1257 100ft x 100ft Government Yes 0.3 Km

28. Ekasingi 534 2927 100ft x 100ft Government No - 29. Patisonapur 840 3402 100ft x 100ft Government Yes 0.1 Km 30. Ramayapatna 189/190 505 100ft x 65ft Government No - 31. New Bauxipalli 798 1420/2159 100 ft x 100 ft Government Yes 0.63 Km 32. Marakandi 131 542 100 ft x 100ft Government No - 33. Sana Arjipalli 47 204 100 ft x 100ft Government Yes 0.3 Km 34. Bandar 270 1148 100 ft x 100ft Government No -

Puri District 35. Badabenakudi 250 99 100ft x 100ft Government No - 36. Maensa 51/29 149 100ft x 100ft Government No - 37. Sipia 234 617 100ft x 100ft Government No - 38. Morada 217/204,

100 377, 378 100ft x 100ft Government No -

39. Siala 181, 53 760, 762 100ft x 100ft Government No - 40. Ramalenka 218 687 100ft x 100ft Government No - 41. Fatepur 85/62 197,

197/584 100ft x 100ft Government Yes 1.0 Km

42. Chhotipada 87 340, 384 75ft x 45ft Remaining

private

Government &Private

Yes 2.5 Km

43. Keutajanga 71 164 85ft x 85ft Government Yes 2.13 Km 44. Patasundarpur - 120 90ft x 90ft Government No - 45. Sujanagar 381 199 100ft x 100ft Government No -



S. N.


Khata No.



Length of Road

46. Tikana 182 106 100 ft x 100 ft Government No - 47. Kaliakana 437 931 100ft x 100ft Government No - 48. Chandrabhaga 213 1663 100 ft x 100ft Government Yes 1.2 Km 49. Tandahar 87 317 100ft x 100ft Private No - 50. Daluakani 63 346 100 ft x 100 ft Private No -



8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

The proposed project will have no significant environmental & social impacts because the project will not involve: • diversion of forest land; • destruction of ecological resources • displacement of people • acquisition of private land (except three sites) However, there may be some short term impacts during construction period. Identification of impacts is followed by recommendations of appropriate mitigation measures. These impacts along with the preventive measures to be taken up during construction stage is given in the following sections.

8.1 Topography & Geology The impacts on existing topographical setting originate primarily from opening up borrow pits to fulfill the requirement of earth material. Disfiguration of land may result from unplanned opening up of borrow pits/quarry sites. Since the project sites are in plain terrain, there would not be any significant impact on the overall relief of the region. No impact on geology is anticipated from construction of MCS & approach roads except requirement of construction materials, which would be supplied from approved quarry sites located nearby. During approach road construction stone aggregates, sand & cement will be required for concrete making; bricks will be used for soling, drains, building etc. Diesel will be required to run construction equipment. Impacts: v Disfiguration of topography due to indiscriminate digging of borrow pits v Uncontrolled digging of borrow pits resulting in water accumulation & breeding of

vector disease v Disturbance on geological setting due to quarrying

Mitigation Measures: v Uncontrolled digging of borrow pits will be avoided to prevent water accumulation in

abandoned pits which acts as breeding ground of disease vectors (mosquitoes) v Construction materials will be procured from existing approved and licensed

quarries only where crusher is already operating. Therefore, mitigation measures for the environmental impacts due to quarrying and rehabilitation plan of the quarries is the responsibility and scope of the licence holder of the quarry



v Suitable seismic design of the road & CD structures will be adopted to mitigate the earthquake impacts in future

v Guidelines for rehabilitation of Borrow and Quarry Areas are provided at the end of this chapter.

8.2 Soil and Land Use

v No impact on soil quality is envisaged as the proposed project does not involve

disruption & loss of productive top soil from agricultural field v No change in the land use pattern along the approach road is envisaged, as

additional private lane will not be acquired

8.3 Drainage Care has been taken to select the project sites in such a manner that it does not affect the natural flow of water or the drainage pattern of the area. Impacts: v Increased incidence and duration of floods due to obstruction of natural drainage

courses by the approach road v Chances of filling of existing drainage courses during earth filling

Mitigation Measures: v Adequate cross drainage (CD) structures will be provided for smooth passage of

runoff to avoid flooding & formation of water pool v Filling of existing drainage courses will be strictly avoided v Suitable drainage at construction site & camp will be provided to eliminate the

chances of formation of stagnant water pools that leads to soil erosion & breeding of mosquitoes

8.4 Water Use

Impacts: v Short term Impact on the local water sources due to use of construction water. Mitigation Measures: v Minimum use of water from existing sources for construction purpose will be

ensured to minimize likely impacts on other users. v All the projects will be taken up in the coastal districts where water is available in

abundance; water will not be over utilized during the process of construction.



8.5 Water Quality

Small quantity of water will be used in the compaction during construction process. Wastewater from construction activities would mostly contain suspended impurities. Other pollutants which may find their way to it will be in insignificant concentrations and may be safely disregarded. The deterioration of surface water quality during construction phase is expected due to wastewater disposal from the workers camp and sullage generated from construction sites. If adequate arrangements are not made to ensure proper drainage of wastewater from the construction sites, such waters may form stagnant pools and aggravate soil erosion or pollute the nearby surface water body. Stagnant pools of water promote breeding of mosquitoes and create generally unsanitary conditions. Impacts: v Increase of sediment load in the run off from construction sites and increase in

turbidity in receiving streams/ surface water bodies. v Water pollution due to sewage from construction camps Mitigation Measures: v Quality of construction wastewater emanating from the construction site will be

controlled through suitable drainage system with sediment traps for arresting the silt/sediment load before its disposal into the main natural drainage system around the site

v Proper sanitation facilities will be provided at the construction site to prevent health related problems due water contamination.

v All the construction and preparatory activities including construction of culverts will be carried out during dry seasons only.

8.6 Air quality

Particulate matter would be the predominant pollutant affecting the air quality during the construction phase as it is likely to generate dust, especially during dry condition. Dust will be generated mainly during excavation, backfilling, hauling &transportational activities through unpaved roads, loading/ unloading & transportation of construction materials, spilling of material during transportation, and open storage of fine construction materials. Undesirable gaseous pollutants will be generated mostly by the automobile traffic and construction machineries. However, this would not lead to any tangible effect. Operation of concrete batching plant will cause emission of fumes and gases.



Impacts: v Deterioration of air quality due to fugitive dusts emission from construction activities

like excavation, backfilling & concreting, and hauling & dumping of earth materials & construction spoils, and vehicular movement along unpaved roads

v Deterioration of air quality due to gaseous emissions from construction equipment v Deterioration of air quality due to emission from concrete batching plant Mitigation Measures: v Proper and prior planning and appropriate sequencing and scheduling of all major

construction activities will be done, and timely availability of infrastructural supports needed for construction will be ensured to shorten the construction period vis a vis reduce pollution

v Construction materials will be stored in enclosed spaces to prevent the wind blown fugitive emissions

v Truck carrying construction materials will be duly covered to avoid spilling v Adequate dust suppression measures such as regular water sprinkling on unpaved

haul roads & vulnerable areas of the construction sites from trucks or other suitable means will be undertaken to control fugitive dust during material handling & hauling activities particularly near habitation especially in the dry seasons

v Low emission construction equipment, vehicles and generator sets will be used v It will be ensured that all the construction equipment & vehicles are in good working

condition, properly tuned and maintained to keep emissions within the permissible limits and engines turned off when not in use to reduce pollution

v Concrete batching plantwill be located at least 500 m away from inhabited areas

8.7 Noise Level

Impacts: v Increase in noise level due to construction activities like operation of construction

equipment & vehicular traffic Mitigation Measures: v Construction camp will be located away from the immediate vicinity of the

construction sites v Protective gears such as ear plugsetc. will be provided to construction personnel

exposed to high noise levels as preventive measure v Low noise construction equipment will be used v It will be ensured that all the construction equipment & vehicles used are in good

working condition, properly lubricated & maintained to keep noise within the permissible limits and engines turned off when not in use to reduce noise

v Construction activities carried out near residential area will be scheduled to the daytime only so that minimum disturbances are caused to people



8.8 Flora & Fauna

Impacts: v Felling of trees due to strengthening of approach roads for multipurpose cyclone

shelters (Table-5). Species wise and girth size wise number of trees to be felled is provided in Annex-1.

v No impact on fauna is envisaged

Table-5 List of Trees to be felled for Strengthening of Approach Roads Sl. No. Approach Road Road

Length No. of Trees to

be Felled No. of Trees to

be Planted 1. Approach Road for Jamkunda MCS 1.1 km 167 275 2. Approach Road for Jambhirai MCS 0.25 km 17 60 3. Approach Road for Srikona MCS 0.55 km 42 140 4. Approach Road for Gudu MCS 0.42 km 24 105 5. Approach Road for Kalamatiapahi MCS 2.2 km 43 550 6. Approach Road for Kankadapal MCS 2.6 km 179 650 7. Approach Road for Jamuka MCS 2.4 km 47 600 8. Approach Road for Panchubisa MCS 0.8 km 3 200 9. Approach Road for Chandanipal MCS 0.8 km 39 200 10. Approach Road for Gokhakhati MCS 1.15 km 33 290 11. Approach Road for Tantiapal MCS 0.13 km 31 30 12. Approach Road for Badabandha MCS 0.4 km 2 100 13. Approach Road for Sabulia MCS 0.55 km 7 140 14. Approach Road for Fatepur MCS 1.0 km 22 250 15. Approach Road for Chhotipada MCS 2.5 km 72 625 16. Approach Road for Keutajanga MCS 2.13 3 530

Total 731 4745 Mitigation Measures: v Appropriate compensatory plantation will be initiated to compensate the vegetation

loss due to felling of trees. For trees to be felled, sufficient compensatory plantation, about 6 times the number of trees felled, will be done.

v Cooking fuel will be provided to construction workers to avoid cutting/felling of trees for fuel wood.

8.9 Solid Waste

Impacts: v Domestic solid waste from construction camps & small amount of construction

debris Mitigation Measures



v The small amount of construction debris will be disposed of in suitable pre-identified or existing dumping areas in tune with the local condition to avoid land degradation & water logging due to indiscriminate dumping.

v Dumping areas will be biologically reclaimed through top soil cover. v Regular inspection of haul roads, construction site & camp will be carried out to

ensure regular and timely removal of construction debris to the dumping sites.

8.10 Construction Camp

Impacts: v Influx of construction work-force & supplier who are likely to construct temporary

tents in the vicinity v Likely sanitation & health hazards & other impacts on the surrounding environment

due to inflow of construction labourers

Mitigation Measures: v Temporary construction camps at designated & demarcated sites with adequate

sanitation, drinking water supply &primary health facilities. v Most of the construction work is labour intensive. As most of the job will be done by

contractors, it will be ensured that the contractor's workers are provided with adequate amenities, health & sanitation facilities in the camp by the contractor. Such facilities shall include potable water supply, sanitary facilities (such as dry pit latrines), solid waste collection & disposal system and primary health facilities (such as first aid facilities) etc.

v It will be ensured through contract agreement that the construction workers are provided fuel for cooking to avoid cutting of trees for fuel wood from the adjoining areas.

v Domestic as well as the sanitary wastes from construction camp will be cleared regularly.

8.11 Safety Aspects

Impacts: v Health & safety related problems to construction workers due to inadequate health &

safety measures. Mitigation Measures: v Adequate safety measures complying to the occupational safety manuals will be

adopted by the contractor to prevent accidents/hazards to the construction workers. v Periodic health check-up of construction workers will be done by the contractor.

8.12 Employment & Trading Opportunities It is estimated that during the peak period of construction phase approximately 136 labour will be required. The construction materials like stone chips and sand will be



procured locally from identified quarry sites. The other construction materials like cement, iron rod, brick, steel etc. will be procured through various local sources. Thus there is a possibility of generation of local employment &trading opportunities, though temporary.

8.13 Conclusion The National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project aims at reducing the risk of cyclone & allied disasters in the coastal Orissa. It will not only reduce the impact of disasters but also create a network of disaster infrastructure including roads and relief line. Beyond strengthening the disaster preparedness & capacity building of the vulnerable community, this will also help to increase the economic activity in the locality. The MCS will be centre of socio-cultural activities of the community during normal times, there will be positive social impact in imbibing courage, self-confidence and fellow felling among the affected people. After construction of the MCS and the approach roads, the socio-economic condition of the locality will be greatly improved. Aesthetic beauty of the proposed sites & approach roads will be enhanced due to plantation along the boundary of MCS and side of approach roads. The project will not create or add any pollutant of any kind.



9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the key to ensure a safe and clean environment. The desired results from the environmental management measures proposed may not be obtained without a management plan to assure its proper implementation & function. The EMP envisages the plans for the proper implementation of management measures to reduce the adverse impacts arising out of the project activities. The Contractor will abide by the environmental, occupational health and safety measures listed in the Environment Management Plan (EMP) given in the table below during preparation and execution of Works. Adverse impact/s on the environment caused due to non-adherence of legal and EMP requirements during preparation and execution of civil works shall be made good at the Contractor’s own expenses.

Table-6 Environmental Management Plan for Multipurpose Cyclone Shelter Sl. Activity Management Measures Responsibility No. Planning &

Execution Supervision

1. Work Plan for EMP implementation

The Contractor’s Project Manager shall be responsible for implementation of EMP provisions and will coordinate the over-all implementation of the said plan. Along with the Work Programme, the Contractor shall submit a plan including method statement and timeline about specific actions that will be taken by him to implement the provisions laid out in the EMP.

The Contractor OSDMA

2. Arrangements for temporary land

The Contractor as per prevalent rules shall carry out negotiations with the landowners for obtaining their consent for temporary use of lands for workers camp, construction sites etc. Written permission (no objection certificate) shall be taken from the Sarpanch/ Village Head and the land owner prior to location selection and a copy shall be submitted to OSDMA for approval. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to clean up the site prior to handling over to the owner (after construction or completion of the activity)


3. Construction/ Labour camp – location

• Construction camps shall not be proposed within 500 m from the nearest settlements




Sl. Activity Management Measures Responsibility No. Planning &


to avoid conflicts and stress over the infrastructure facilities with the local community.

• Camp site shall not be located within 250 m from a water body including village pond

• A distance of at least 500 m shall be maintained from designated/protected natural habitats (such as National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Reserve Forests and Ramsar Sites, if any) and Coastal Regulation Zone.

4. Labour Camp Management

Accommodation: The Contractor shall follow all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and the other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 for construction and maintenance of labour camp. Potable water: The Contractor shall: a) Supply of sufficient quantity of potable

water (at least 40 lpcd) in labour camp at suitable and easily accessible places and regular maintenance of such facilities.

b) If any water storage tank is provided, the bottom of the tank shall be kept at least 1mt. above the surrounding ground level.

Fuel for Cooking: The Contractor will be responsible for providing LPG Cylinder/ Kerosene in labour camp to avoid cutting of trees for fuel wood from the adjoining areas. Sanitation and sewage system: The Contractor shall ensure that: § The sewage system for the camp shall be

designed, built and operated in such a fashion that it should not pollute the ground water or nearby surface water.






§ Separate toilets/bathrooms, shall be arranged for men and women

§ Adequate water supply is to be provided in all toilets and urinals

§ All toilets in workplaces are with dry-earth system (receptacles) which are to be cleaned and kept in a strict sanitary condition

§ Night soil (human excreta) is to be disposed off by putting layer of it at the bottom of a permanent tank prepared for the purpose and covered with 15 cm. layer of waste or refuse and then covered with a layer of earth for a fortnight.

Waste disposal: The Contractor shall provide garbage bins in the camps and ensure that these are regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner. Fire Safety: Adequate fire safety precautions shall be taken and required fire safety equipment (such as fire extinguishers) shall be provided by the Contractor.

5. First aid The Contractor shall arrange for – • A readily available first aid unit including

adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances as per the Factories Rules in work zone

• Availability of suitable transport at all times to take injured or sick person(s) to the nearest hospital


6. Labour’s Safety The Contractor shall provide: • Protective footwear and protective goggles

to all workers employed on mixing cement, concrete etc.

• Protective goggles and clothing to workers






engaged in stone breaking activities

• Earplugs to workers exposed to loud noise, and workers working in concrete mixing operation.

• Adequate safety measures for workers during handling of materials at site.

The Contractor shall comply with all the precautions as required for ensuring the safety of the workmen as per the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 62 as far as those are applicable to this contract. The Contractor shall make sure that during the construction work all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and other Construction Workers (regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1996 are adhered to. The Contractor shall not employ any person below the age of 14 years for any work and no woman shall be employed on the work of painting with products containing lead in any form. The Contractor shall also ensure that no paint containing lead or lead products is used except in the form of paste or readymade paint. He shall provide facemasks for use to the workers when paint is applied in the form of spray or a surface having lead paint is rubbed and scraped. The Contractor shall mark ‘no smoking’ in high risk areas. These shall be reflected in the Construction Safety Plan to be prepared by the Contractor during mobilization and shall be approved by OSDMA. Material safety data sheet record of fuel and other inflammable chemicals shall be maintained at the site.





7. Labour requirements Local people shall be given preference for unskilled and other jobs created during construction phase of the project. The contractor would notify requirement of unskilled labours in nearby/surrounding villages. In case local labours are not interested/available then a certificate/letter shall be issued by the Panchayat officials to the Contractors in this regard.


8. Site Clearance Only ground cover/shrubs that impinge directly on the permanent works or necessary temporary works shall be removed with prior approval from OSDMA. The Contractor, under any circumstances shall not cut or damage trees. Trees identified under the project shall be cut only after receiving clearance from the State Forest Department or after the receipt of written permission from OSDMA.


9. Preservation of top soil

The topsoil from all areas of cutting and all areas to be permanently covered shall be stripped to a specified depth of 15 cm and stored in stockpiles. A portion of the temporarily acquired area shall be earmarked for storing topsoil. The following precautionary measures shall be taken to preserve them till they are used: (a) Stockpile shall be designed such that the slope does not exceed 1:2 (vertical to horizontal), and height of the pile is restricted to 2 m. To retain soil and to allow percolation of water, the edges of the pile shall be protected by silt fencing (b) Stockpiles shall not be surcharged or otherwise loaded and multiple handling shall be kept to a minimum to ensure that no compaction shall occur. The top soil shall be reinstated in the cyclone shelter compound after the construction is over. Residual topsoil, if there is any shall be utilized for the plantation.






10. Construction vehicles, equipment and machinery

All vehicles, equipment and machinery to be procured and brought to site for construction shall confirm to the relevant Bureau of India Standard (BIS) norms and the manufacturer’s specifications. The discharge standards promulgated under the Environment Protection Act, 1986 shall be strictly adhered to. Noise limits for construction equipment to be procured shall not exceed the value specified in the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986. The equipment proposed to be used for construction and installed close to waterway/streams, must be checked and certified fit, especially with respect to the potential leakage of oil and grease. The inspection should verify that: • Equipment is clean (free of mud, dirt and

oil) • Equipment is in good working order. • A drip pan is available for equipment that

shall be stored on site. • Contractor has a spill kit • Operator is trained on the re-fuelling,

maintenance and emergency spill procedures.

• Adequate inspections shall be conducted during the construction period.


11. Quarry Operations The Contractor shall procure material from quarries that have been approved/licensed by the Orissa State Govt. A copy of such an approval shall be submitted to the OSDMA prior to procure the material.


12. Construction water Water for construction and for use at construction camps (including labour camps) is to be extracted with prior written permission of (a) the individual owner, in case the source is private well/tube well; (b) Gram Panchayat in case the source belongs to community; and (c) Irrigation Department in case the source is an irrigation canal or a






river. The Contractor shall take all precaution to minimize the wastage of water in the construction process.

13. Air pollution • The Contractor shall take every precaution (water sprinkling etc.) to reduce the level of fugitive dust generating from construction site.

• Water shall be sprinkled at least twice during dry day on haulage roads passing through or near settlements (including at least 100 m before the settlement).

• Wind barriers or screens shall be provided in the downwind direction at air pollution causing sources like plant sites and fine material storage stock yards.

• Truck carrying construction materials will be duly covered to avoid spilling.

• The Contractor shall ensure that all vehicles, equipments and machineries used for construction are regularly maintained and confirm that pollution emission levels comply with the relevant requirements of State Pollution Control Board (SPCB).

• The Contractor shall submit PUC certificates for all vehicles/ equipment/ machinery used for the project and maintains a record of the same during the contract period.


14. Noise pollution The Contractor shall confirm the following: • All plants and equipments used in

construction shall strictly conform to the CPCB noise standards.






• All vehicles and equipment used in construction shall be fitted with exhaust silencers.

• Servicing of all construction vehicles and machinery shall be done regularly and during routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be checked and if found defective shall be replaced.

• At the construction sites within 150 m of the nearest habitation, noisy construction work shall be stopped during the night time between 9.00 pm to 6.00 am.

15. Water Pollution Water pollution from construction wastes • The Contractor will take all precautionary

measures to prevent the wastewater generated during construction from entering into streams, water bodies or the irrigation system. He will avoid construction works close to streams or water bodies during monsoon.

• All measures (including provision of temporary silt fencing to control sediment run-off) required for avoiding adverse impacts to water bodies (such as ponds, streams, canals and rivers), water sources (such as hand pumps and wells) and adjacent farmland shall be undertaken by the Contractor.

Water pollution from fuel and lubricants • The Contractor will ensure that all

construction vehicle parking location, fuel/lubricants storage sites, vehicle, machinery and equipment maintenance sites are located at least 100 m away from any water body. The Contractor will also ensure that spillage of fuels and lubricants do not contaminate the ground.






• If fuel storage and re-fuelling areas are

located on agricultural land or areas supporting vegetation, the top soil will be stripped, stockpiled and returned after cessation of such activities.

• Storage of materials like fuel, chemicals

and cement shall be done in a manner (with impervious layer on bottom and a covered shed on top) that does not contaminate land and ground/surface water.

16. Solid Waste Solid waste from the project during

construction will be mainly domestic scraps & wastes from the construction camp and construction spoils from construction sites.

• The small amount of construction debris

will be disposed of in suitable pre-identified or existing dumping areas in tune with the local condition to avoid land degradation & water logging due to indiscriminate dumping.

• Dumping areas will be biologically reclaimed through top soil cover.

• Regular inspection of haul roads,

construction site & camp will be carried out to ensure regular and timely removal of construction debris to the dumping sites.


17. Drainage & Flood Control

The Contractor will ensure that construction materials like earth, stone are disposed off so as not to block the flow of water of any watercourse and cross drainage channels.


18. Restoration and Rehabilitation of Sites

All work sites and areas under temporary use (including construction and labour camps, plant sites, haul roads and borrow areas) shall be restored/ rehabilitated to a better condition (if not at least to its original condition) and to






the satisfaction of land owner upon completion of construction work by the Contractor. Completion of work will also include completion of rehabilitation and clean-up of the work sites including camps, plants, in and around the construction site; disposal of debris/construction wastes at pre-approved locations and; restoration of borrow areas and other sites/locations used for material sourcing.

19. Liabilities Any liability arising out of Contractor’s agreement with landowners/ local people/gram panchayat (including those related to temporary use of land, water extraction and disposal of debris) shall be settled by the Contractor.



Table-7 Environmental Management Plan for Approach Road



1. Land acquisition For strengthening & widening of approach roads, which are actually existing village roads, private land will not be acquired. Proposed activities will be restricted within the existing RoW. However, most of the link roads are passing through Government land. As there is no land acquisition, RAP has not been prepared for strengthening of approach roads.

OSDMA, -

2. Work Plan for EMP implementation

The Contractor’s Project Manager shall be responsible for implementation of EMP provisions and will coordinate the over-all implementation of the said plan. Along with the Work Programme, the Contractor shall submit a plan including method statement and timeline about specific actions that will be taken by him to implement the provisions laid out in the EMP.


3. Arrangements for temporary land

The Contractor as per prevalent rules shall carry out negotiations with the landowners for obtaining their consent for temporary use of lands for workers camp, construction sites etc. Written permission (no objection certificate) shall be taken from the Gram Sabha and the land owner prior to location selection and a copy shall be submitted to OSDMA for approval. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to clean up the site prior to handling over to the owner (after construction or completion of the activity)


4. Protection of Properties and Resources

The Contractor shall take due care to protect and prevent damages to the following resources during preparatory and construction work: a. Water supply lines b. Irrigation canals c. Cart, cattle and/or foot trail/tracks d. Cultural properties and sites/structures of

religious importance






e. Houses, Farmlands, Pastures, Orchards and/or Trees

In case of damage due to construction activity, the restoration/repairs shall be carried out by the Contractor at his own cost.

5. Construction/ Labour camp – location

• Construction camps shall not be proposed within 500 m from the nearest settlements to avoid conflicts and stress over the infrastructure facilities with the local community.

• Camp site shall not be located within 250 m from a water body including village pond

• A distance of at least 500 m shall be maintained from designated/protected natural habitats (such as National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Reserve Forests and Ramsar Sites, if any) and Coastal Regulation Zone.


6. Labour Camp Management

Accommodation: The Contractor shall follow all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and the other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 for construction and maintenance of labour camp. Potable water: The Contractor shall: c) Supply of sufficient quantity of potable

water (at least 40 lpcd) in labour camp at suitable and easily accessible places and regular maintenance of such facilities.

d) If any water storage tank is provided, the bottom of the tank shall be kept at least 1mt. above the surrounding ground level.

Fuel for Cooking: The Contractor will be responsible for providing LPG Cylinder/ Kerosene in labour camp to avoid cutting of trees for fuel wood from the adjoining areas.






Sanitation and sewage system: The Contractor shall ensure that: § The sewage system for the camp shall be

designed, built and operated in such a fashion that it should not pollute the ground water or nearby surface water.

§ Separate toilets/bathrooms, shall be arranged for men and women

§ Adequate water supply is to be provided in all toilets and urinals

§ All toilets in workplaces are with dry-earth system (receptacles) which are to be cleaned and kept in a strict sanitary condition

§ Night soil (human excreta) is to be disposed off by putting layer of it at the bottom of a permanent tank prepared for the purpose and covered with 15 cm. layer of waste or refuse and then covered with a layer of earth for a fortnight.

Waste disposal: The Contractor shall provide garbage bins in the camps and ensure that these are regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner.

7. First aid The Contractor shall arrange for – • A readily available first aid unit including

adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances as per the Factories Rules in work zone

• Availability of suitable transport at all times to take injured or sick person(s) to the nearest hospital


8. labour’s Safety The Contractor shall provide: • Protective footwear and protective goggles

to all workers employed on mixing cement, concrete etc.

• Protective goggles and clothing to workers engaged in stone breaking activities






• Earplugs to workers exposed to loud noise,

and workers working in concrete mixing operation.

• Adequate safety measures for workers during handling of materials at site.

The Contractor shall comply with all the precautions as required for ensuring the safety of the workmen as per the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 62 as far as those are applicable to this contract. The Contractor shall make sure that during the construction work all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and other Construction Workers (regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1996 are adhered to. The Contractor shall not employ any person below the age of 14 years for any work and no woman shall be employed on the work of painting with products containing lead in any form. The Contractor shall also ensure that no paint containing lead or lead products is used except in the form of paste or readymade paint. He shall provide facemasks for use to the workers when paint is applied in the form of spray or a surface having lead paint is rubbed and scraped. The Contractor shall mark ‘no smoking’ in high risk areas. These shall be reflected in the Construction Safety Plan to be prepared by the Contractor during mobilization and shall be approved by OSDMA. Material safety data sheet record of fuel and other inflammable chemicals shall be maintained at the site.





9. Labour requirements Local people shall be given preference for unskilled and other jobs created during construction phase of the project. The contractor would notify requirement of unskilled labours in nearby/surrounding villages. In case local labours are not interested/available then a certificate/letter shall be issued by the Panchayat officials to the Contractors in this regard.


10. Site Clearance Only ground cover/shrubs that impinge directly on the permanent works or necessary temporary works shall be removed with prior approval from OSDMA. The Contractor, under any circumstances shall not cut or damage trees. Trees identified under the project shall be cut only after receiving clearance from the State Forest Department or after the receipt of written permission from OSDMA.


11. Preservation of top soil

The topsoil from all areas of cutting and all areas to be permanently covered shall be stripped to a specified depth of 15 cm and stored in stockpiles. A portion of the temporarily acquired area shall be earmarked for storing topsoil. The following precautionary measures shall be taken to preserve them till they are used: (a) Stockpile shall be designed such that the

slope does not exceed 1:2 (vertical to horizontal), and height of the pile is restricted to 2 m. To retain soil and to allow percolation of water, the edges of the pile shall be protected by silt fencing

(b) Stockpiles shall not be surcharged or

otherwise loaded and multiple handling shall be kept to a minimum to ensure that no compaction shall occur.

The top soil shall be reinstated in the cyclone shelter compound after the construction is over. Residual topsoil, if there is any shall be utilized for the plantation.






12. Construction vehicles, equipment and machinery

All vehicles, equipment and machinery to be procured and brought to site for construction shall confirm to the relevant Bureau of India Standard (BIS) norms and the manufacturer’s specifications. The discharge standards promulgated under the Environment Protection Act, 1986 shall be strictly adhered to. Noise limits for construction equipment to be procured shall not exceed the value specified in the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986. The equipment proposed to be used for construction and installed close to waterway/streams, must be checked and certified fit, especially with respect to the potential leakage of oil and grease. The inspection should verify that: • Equipment is clean (free of mud, dirt and

oil) • Equipment is in good working order. • A drip pan is available for equipment that

shall be stored on site. • Contractor has a spill kit • Operator is trained on the refuelling,

maintenance and emergency spill procedures.

• Adequate inspections shall be conducted during the construction period.


13. Borrow Areas Finalizing borrow areas for borrowing earth and all logistic arrangements as well as compliance to environmental requirements, as applicable, will be the sole responsibility of the contractor. The Contractor shall not procure any kind of construction material (such as aggregates, sand and earth) from ecologically protected areas. The Contractor will not start borrowing earth from select borrow area until the formal agreement is signed between the land owner and the Contractor and a copy is submitted to






OSDMA. Sit Selection for Borrow Area

1. The borrow area should not be located in

agriculture field/s unless unavoidable i.e. barren land is not available. In case borrowing needs to be done on an agricultural land, top-soil stripping, stacking and preservation is a must. Damage to productive and fertile areas has to be minimal and this includes appropriate planning of haul roads.

2. Borrow pits shall not be located within a distance of 100 m from any National Highway, State Highway or other roads.

3. Borrow pits shall be preferably located 500 m away from settlements/ habitations.

4. No borrow pits shall be located within 500 m from schools, colleges, playgrounds, religious structures and health centers.

5. No borrow area shall be opened within 500 m from a reserved or protected forest area, protected sites, wildlife movement zone and cultural heritage site.

6. No tree cutting shall be undertaken. 7. Borrow area near any surface water body

will be at least 100m. away. Operation 1. Area up to which material will be extracted

shall be clearly demarcated on ground. 2. A 15 cm topsoil layer will be stripped and

preserved in stockpiles. 3. Borrowing of earth should be preferably

limited to a depth of 1.5 m from the existing ground level.

4. Slope at the edges will be maintained not steeper than 1:3 (Vertical: Horizontal).

14. Quarry Operations The Contractor shall procure material from quarries that have been approved/licensed by the Orissa State Govt. A copy of such an approval shall be submitted to the OSDMA prior to procure the material.






15. Construction water Water for construction and for use at

construction camps (including labour camps) is to be extracted with prior written permission of (a) the individual owner, in case the source is private well/tube well; (b) Gram Panchayat in case the source belongs to community; and (c) Irrigation Department in case the source is an irrigation canal or a river. The Contractor shall take all precaution to minimize the wastage of water in the construction process.


16. Disposal of Debris and Wastes

• All debris and spoils generated during construction works are to be reused to the extent feasible (technically and economically). Residual debris and spoils, if any, shall be disposed in locations pre-approved by OSDMA in a manner that it does not contaminate the environment.

• Location of Debris Disposal Sites: Debris

disposal sites shall be located preferably away from farmlands, water sources and water bodies. In no case, debris shall be disposed within 500 m of ecologically sensitive areas, including forests, wetlands and protected natural habitats.

• Site preparation and disposal method: Site

will be prepared by stripping and storage of top-soil. The disposal shall be carried out as per the Engineer’s approval. In case of bituminous waste, dumping shall be carried out over a 60 mm thick layer of rammed clay so as to eliminate any chances of leaching

• Closure: Disposal sites shall be properly dressed with top-soil re-laid on site surface; drainage provision to divert run-off water away from the site and; vegetation (grass/shrub) plantation, based on site conditions.






17. Slope Protection and Control of Soil Erosion

The Contractor will take slope protection measures as per designto control soil erosion and sedimentation through use of dykes, sedimentation chambers, basins, fibber mats, mulches, grasses, slope, drains and other devices. All temporary sedimentation, pollution control works and maintenance thereof will be deemed as incidental to the earth work or other items of work and as such as no separate payment will be made for them. The Contractor will ensure the following safeguards: § During construction activities on road

embankment, the side slopes of all cut and fill areas will be graded and covered with stone pitching, grass and shrub as per design specifications prepared by DPR Consultant

• Turfing works will be taken up as soon as possible provided the season is favourable for the establishment of grass sods. Other measures of slope stabilization will include mulching, netting and seeding of batters and drains immediately on completion of earthworks.


18. Air pollution • The Contractor shall take every precaution (water sprinkling etc.) to reduce the level of fugitive dust generating from construction site.

• Water shall be sprinkled at least twice during dry day on haulage roads passing through or near settlements (including at least 100 m before the settlement).

• Wind barriers or screens shall be provided in the downwind direction at air pollution causing sources like plant sites and fine material storage stock yards.

• Truck carrying construction materials will






be duly covered to avoid spilling.

• The Contractor shall ensure that all vehicles, equipments and machineries used for construction are regularly maintained and confirm that pollution emission levels comply with the relevant requirements of State Pollution Control Board (SPCB).

• The Contractor shall submit PUC certificates for all vehicles/ equipment/ machinery used for the project and maintain a record of the same during the contract period.

19. Noise pollution The Contractor shall confirm the following:

• All plants and equipments used in

construction shall strictly conform to the CPCB noise standards.

• All vehicles and equipment used in construction shall be fitted with exhaust silencers.

• Servicing of all construction vehicles and machinery shall be done regularly and during routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be checked and if found defective shall be replaced.

• At the construction sites within 150 m of the nearest habitation, noisy construction work shall be stopped during the night time between 9.00 pm to 6.00 am.


20. Water Pollution Water pollution from construction wastes • The Contractor will take all precautionary

measures to prevent the wastewater generated during construction from entering into streams, water bodies or the irrigation system. He will avoid construction






works close to streams or water bodies during monsoon.

• All measures (including provision of temporary silt fencing to control sediment run-off) required for avoiding adverse impacts to water bodies (such as ponds, streams, canals and rivers), water sources (such as hand pumps and wells) and adjacent farmland shall be undertaken by the Contractor.

Water pollution from fuel and lubricants • The Contractor will ensure that all

construction vehicle parking location, fuel/lubricants storage sites, vehicle, machinery and equipment maintenance sites are located at least 100 m away from any water body. The Contractor will also ensure that spillage of fuels and lubricants do not contaminate the ground.

• If fuel storage and re-fuelling areas are located on agricultural land or areas supporting vegetation, the top soil will be stripped, stockpiled and returned after cessation of such activities.

• Storage of materials like fuel, chemicals

and cement shall be done in a manner (with impervious layer on bottom and a covered shed on top) that does not contaminate land and ground/surface water.

21. Siltation of Water

Bodies & Degradation of Water Quality

The Contractor will not excavate beds of any stream/canals/ any other water body for borrowing earth for embankment construction. The Contractor will construct silt fencing at the base of the embankment construction for the entire perimeter of any water body adjacent to the ROW and around the stockpiles at the construction sites close to water bodies. The fencing will be provided prior to






commencement of earthwork and continue till the stabilization of the embankment slopes, on the particular sub-section of the road. Equipment and plants shall be located at least 100 m away from any water body. The Contractor will ensure that construction materials containing fine particles are stored in an enclosure such that sediment-laden water does not drain into nearby water body.

22. Drainage & Flood Control

The Contractor will ensure that construction materials like earth, stone are disposed off so as not to block the flow of water of any watercourse and cross drainage channels.


23. Traffic & Road Safety The Contractor will take all necessary measures for the safety of traffic during construction and provide, erect and maintain such barricades, including signs, markings, flags, lights and flagmen as proposed in the Traffic Control Plan/Drawings and protection of traffic approaching or passing through the section of any existing cross roads. The Contractor will ensure that all signs, barricades, pavement markings are provided as per the MoRTH specifications.


24. Accessibility The Contractor will provide safe and convenient passage for vehicles, pedestrians and livestock to and from roadsides and property accesses connecting the link road. The Contractor will also ensure that the existing accesses are not blocked without providing adequate provisions. The Contractor will take care that the cross roads are constructed in such a sequence so that traffic movement in any given area does not get seriously affected.


25. Restoration and Rehabilitation of Sites

All work sites and areas under temporary use (including construction and labour camps, plant sites, haul roads and borrow areas) shall






be restored/ rehabilitated to a better condition (if not at least to its original condition) and to the satisfaction of land owner upon completion of construction work by the Contractor. Completion of work will also include completion of rehabilitation and clean-up of the work sites including camps, plants, in and around the construction site; disposal of debris/construction wastes at pre-approved locations and; restoration of borrow areas and other sites/locations used for material sourcing.

26. Liabilities Any liability arising out of Contractor’s agreement with landowners/ local people/gram panchayat (including those related to temporary use of land, water extraction and disposal of debris) shall be settled by the Contractor.




9.1 Green Belt Development Plan

Objective & General Guidelines Green areas not only improve the floral status, land use and the aesthetic look of an area, but also serve the dual purpose of filtering any fugitive dust from unpaved, open areas, help to abate noise effects through dampening, and replenish oxygen and ameliorate the surrounding temperature. Therefore, development of green belt is nowadays imperative as a part of development projects. The Greenbelt Development Plan provided here contains: � Greening strategy � Species suggested for plantation � Technical specification for plantation � Precautionary & protection measures Greening Strategy The followings are being proposed:

• Greenbelt will be developed along the side of the approach roads • The plantation of trees will be completed in the construction period so that

sustainable growth is achieved when the project is completed. • The plantation programme has been drawn to conform to natural climatic conditions

and adaptability of the species. • The plantation would consist of a mixture of locally available indigenous, fast

growing species of trees having ornamental value. • Preferential plantation of flowering trees with less timber & fruit value will be carried

out. Species Suggested for Plantation

Sl.No. Common Name Scientific Name 1 Amaltas Cassia fistula 2 Anjan Hardwickia binnata 3 Coconut Cocos nucifera 4 Dhak Butea monosperma 5 Karanj Pongamia pinnata 6 Mahaneem Cedrella toona 7 Mahua Madhuca indica 8 Neem Azadirachat indica 9 Shisham Dalbergia sissoo



Sl.No. Common Name Scientific Name 10 Fountain tree Spathodea campanulata 11 Gulmohar Delonix regia 12 Palas Butae frondosa

Madhuca indica

Cassia fistula

Butea frondosa

Delonix regia

Pongamia Pinnata



Technical Specification for Plantation of Trees Spacing between the plants : 4 m Size of the pits : 60 X 60 X 60 cms Species recommended : List of species provided in above Table No of trees per km : 250 (1 tree/4m) Height of the plant : Not less than 2m Age of the plant : Not less than 3 years It is proposed to use the same species on either side of the road. This will ensure regularly grown avenues of the same form and type. Such avenues will mature at about the same time giving pleasant avenue appearance. No. of Trees to be Planted Sl. No. Approach Road Road

Length No. of Trees to

be Planted 1. Approach Road for Jamkunda MCS 1.1 km 275 2. Approach Road for Jambhirai MCS 0.25 km 60 3. Approach Road for Srikona MCS 0.55 km 140 4. Approach Road for Gudu MCS 0.42 km 105 5. Approach Road for Kalamatiapahi MCS 2.2 km 550 6. Approach Road for Kankadapal MCS 2.6 km 650 7. Approach Road for Jamuka MCS 2.4 km 600 8. Approach Road for Panchubisa MCS 0.8 km 200 9. Approach Road for Chandanipal MCS 0.8 km 200 10. Approach Road for Gokhakhati MCS 1.15 km 290 11. Approach Road for Tantiapal MCS 0.13 km 30 12. Approach Road for Badabandha MCS 0.4 km 100 13. Approach Road for Sabulia MCS 0.55 km 140 14. Approach Road for Fatepur MCS 1.0 km 250 15. Approach Road for Chhotipada MCS 2.5 km 625 16. Approach Road for Keutajanga MCS 2.13 530

Total 4,745 Protection Measures: Barbed wire fencing around the plantation area may be provided to protect the plants. Angle iron is required to be fixed at a spacing of 5 m and 3-stand barbed wire is to be stretched. Precautionary Measures: • Plantation activity to be carried out in monsoon months



• The height of the plants should not be less than 1 ft and should be in polythene bags and are not to be removed till the time of planting

• All plants supplied must be planted within three days of removal from the nursery • The contractor will be required to water the area in case of insufficient rains after

planting • 2 kg of compost /manure are suggested for each pit before plantation. • To ensure better growth and survival of plants, surface should have sufficient layer

of good quality soil (up to 45 cm) Cost of Plantation: A capital cost provision of about Rs.47.5 Lakh has been kept towards the greenbelt development programme in the EMP. The cost includes plantation of trees and its maintenance for three years.

9.2 GUIDELINES FOR REHABILITATION OF BORROW/ QUARRY AREAS General The contractor is required to take quarry material only from licensed quarries. In the case of existing quarries the contractor through the Engineer’s representative will have to ensure that all actions in these quarries are in accordance with the environmentally sound and acceptable manner. In case the contractor establishes additional quarries and dedicated crusher plants, the contractor has to ensure that all actions are in accordance with the environmental requirements. In the case of borrow areas, Contractor need to specify a detailed arrangement including the agreement with the owner of the land. The Contractor must comply with provisions of taxes, levies, royalties etc. of the State. Management Plan for Borrow / Quarry Areas The contractor needs to develop a Borrow and Quarry area management plan providing at least the following details:

v Name, location and ownership of the borrow or quarry area; v Existing land use of the area (including the access road to be developed) to be

quarried; v Approximate quantity of the material available; v The number of trees and the species of the trees to be removed; v Total area involved; v Arrangement with the owner;



v Whether purchased or leased; v A statement from the owner saying the actual arrangement (not in terms of exact

monitory compensation) with him is agreeable for him; v The exact restoration plan indicating the number of trees that will be planted; v The action plan for leveling and landscaping in order to bring the area in conformity

to the neighboring land uses; and v The access roads rehabilitation. v Compliance certificate of tax, levy, royalty etc. provisions. Rehabilitation of Borrow/ Quarry Areas The objective of the rehabilitation programme is to reinstate the quarry /borrow pit sites to a safe and secure area, which the general public should be able to safely enter and enjoy. Securing borrow pits /quarry sites in a stable condition should be a fundamental requirement of the rehabilitation process. This could be achieved by filling the quarry/ borrow pit with suitable materials to approximately the access road level. Quarries and borrow pits may be backfilled with rejected construction wastes and will be given a vegetative cover. If this is not possible, then excavation slopes will be smoothed and depression will be filled in such a way that it looks more or less like the original ground surface. During works execution, the contractor shall ensure preservation of trees during piling of materials; spreading of stripping material to facilitate water percolation and allow natural vegetation growth; re-establishment of previous natural drainage flows; improvement of site appearance; digging of ditches to collect runoff; and maintenance of roadways where a pit or quarry is declared useable water source for livestock or people nearby. Once the works are completed, the contractor shall restore the environment his own expense around the work site to its original splits.



References: 1. Panda S. et al, 2008. The Atlas of Chilika, Chilika Development Authority, Bhubaneswar 2. Balachandran S., Sathiyaselvam P. and Sudarsan Panda, 2009. Bird Atlas of Chilika.

Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, Chilika Development Authority, Bhubaneswar 3. Cultural Atlas of Orissa, Department of Culture, Government of Orissa, Bhubaneswar 4. Orissa District Gazetteers, Department of Revenue, Government of Orissa – Cuttak district,

Baleswar district, Puri district and Ganjam district 5. Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 14th September 2006 & as amended up to

1st December 2009, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India

6. CRZ Notification, 19th February 1991 & as amended up to 24th July 2003, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India

7. District Planning Map, National Atlas & Thematic Mapping Organization, Department of Science & Technology – Baleswar district, Bhadrak district, Cuttak district, Puri district & Ganjam district

8. National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project – Environmental & Social Management

Framework, May 15, 2009. National Disaster Management Authority, New Delhi 9. Investment Proposal - National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Programme – Part-B1: Cyclone

Shelters, December 2008. Orissa State Disaster Management Authority 10. Investment Proposal - National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Programme – Part-B2: Connectivity

to Cyclone Shelters, 7th July 2009. Orissa State Disaster Management Authority 11. www.orissa.gov.in/forest&environment - website of Department of Forest & Environment,

Government of Orissa

12. www.wildlifeorissa.in – Wildlife Conservation in Orissa, Government of Orissa, Forest & Environment Department


http://www.wildlifeorissa.in/



13. A Review of Legislation and Conservation Measures for Sea Turtles in Orissa, India; Aarthi Sridhar, Basudev Tripathy and Kartik Shanker; Coastal and Marine Conservation Programme, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bangalore 560024. India

14. Issues Related to Protected Area Governance, Local Livelihood Rights & Conservation –

Draft Report on Balukhand-Konark Wildlife Sanctuary, 2006, Vasundhara, Bhubaneswar, Orissa

15. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, Vol. 7(2), April 2008, pp. 263-268 –

Phytomedicinal Study of coastal sand dune species of Orissa by Pattanaik C., Reddy C.S. & Dhal N.K., Forestry & Ecology Division, National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad, A.P.

16. http://www.bhitarkanika.org 17. www.greenpeace.org/.../news/turning-turtle 18. WWF India (http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/where_we_work/asia_pacific/where/india/ in

dex.cfm) 19. Status and Conservation of Sea Turtles in Orissa, India by S.K. Patnaik and C.S. Kar, 2000

http://www.bhitarkanika.org/

http://www.greenpeace.org/.../news/turning-turtle

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