National Earthquake Monitoring and Tsunami Early Warning System in Thailand Sumalee Prachaub Seismological Bureau, Meteorological Department, Bangkok, Thailand Abstract After the destructive Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, a National Earthquake Monitoring and Tsunami Early Warning System was developed and established in Thailand at the Thai Meteorological Department (TMD).The system components follow the UNESCO/IOC concept of an end to end tsunami warning system which has been widely applied to manage earthquake risk and tsunami hazard. Firstly real time earth observatories and water level stations were installed through out the country to monitor local and distant earthquakes including the observational of abruptly changing sea water level at the coast in real time.
Transcript
National Earthquake Monitoring and Tsunami Early Warning System in Thailand
After the destructive Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, a National Earthquake Monitoring and Tsunami Early Warning System was developed and established in Thailand at the Thai Meteorological Department (TMD).The system components follow the UNESCO/IOC concept of an end to end tsunami warning system which has been widely applied to manage earthquake risk and tsunami hazard. Firstly real time earth observatories and water level stations were installed through out the country to monitor local and distant earthquakes including the observational of abruptly changing sea water level at the coast in real time.
Currently, there are many of monitoring stations for automatically detecting earthquakes. The system composes of 40 seismic stations, 9 tide gauge stations,4 GPS stations including real time input of more than 200 signals from other seismic station networks, one DART buoy from NOAA and 9 tide gauge stations to detect tsunami. Due to the high capacity of monitoring system, with-in few minutes after an earthquake, automatic analysis will give results of epicentre, then information and warning messages will instantly notify assigned channels and lists (via SMS , Fax, Web site, TV, Radio , Siren tower etc). All people in the risk area would continuously be alerted and follow the further official warning messages as they have practiced in advance. In addition, coordination among agencies concerned such as UNESCO/IOC, USGS, JMA, CTBTO, IRIS, AEIC have been involved for chairing data and information. Measures and management of earthquake and tsunami disaster at the national level, international level or regional level have been developed in order to save lives and properties in the future.
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SEISMICITY OF THE WORLDThailand is located at the eastern part of Alpine-Himalayan Seismic belt starts from N. Sumatra up toAndaman Sea, Eastern Myanma and Himalai .Earthquakes along this belt are significant in the world
-The first seismic station was established in1963 at Chiangmai.It used to be WWSSN but now it has been upgraded to be Global Seismic Network.-The sensor was installed at the bottom of borehole 350 feet deep from the ground.-The user can retrieve the waveform data through internet in real time.
After 2004TsunamiThe systemComposes ofPhase I15 Seismic stn.6AccelerometerPhase II25 Seismic stn.20Accelerometer9 Tide gauge4 GPS station
Router
Router
TMD
Bangkok
Provinces
The waveform data from provinces will send to Bangkok by satellite through router
At Operating Center the waveformfor all stations will show and the location of epicenter will analyzedAutomatically in real time
INTERNET
USER
IP ADDRESS
The fix IP address was used inEach station and the user can retrieve the data through the internet
The website to get the seismic information data iswww.seismology.tmd.go.th
Example of Location,Magnitude(Ml,Mb,Ms Mw,Mwp) and Depth during 9-11 October 2007
Real time monitoring Analysis softwareSeismological Bureau Bangkok
Capability for Earthquake Monitoring
For the old network it takes at least 20 minutes to know the location of epicenter and size of magnitude
After improving the new network (PhaseI and II) during 2005-2008, It is expected that less than 5-10 minutes to complete the preliminary determination of earthquake epicenter and magnitude
*That would be better for Tsunami Early Warning*
Seismic Data
Stations (GSN/IRIS)
(Thai Met Dept.)
NHD,TMD
Warning Message
Input Analysis Announcement
Sea level Data
PTWC,JMA
TMD TMD,NDWCFax, SMS, Website
DATA FLOW FROM STATIONS UNTIL TO THE PUBLIC
Outside Network
(Geofon,EMSC,
NEIC,AEIC,PTWC,
People Felt Earthquake
VSAT,IPNetwork
Internet
Satellite
AGENCIES MASS MEDIAGTS,EMAIL,
Fax,Phone
Phone,
Website
Link
Phone
Least line
Tsunami Early Warning in Thailand
40 Seismic Stations200 from outside network
Digital
TMD
Analysis and Verify Tsunami (Magnitude, Epicenter, Depth)
Deploy the first buoy in Indian Ocean by NOAAand Thailand
Deploy at 9 ํN 89 ํE in Late 2006
A
B
Located in the
Economic
Territorial water
of Thailand
x
Loc
3 Buoys in Thailand
Conclusion•Installation of automatic earthquake monitoring: Tsunami wave caused by the earthquake in the sea, then it’s necessary to set up the real-time or automatic seismic network•International data exchange on seismic and sea level data: Only the data from inside network sometimes are not enough to determine the epicenter. Also the sea level data from tidal gauge and buoy stations will be beneficial for tsunami warning, then exchange the data among countries are necessary.•Installation of buoys in IO: As we have experience that only the magnitude of earthquake could not make tsunami warning correctly. The buoy system should be installed in IO in order to confirm the tsunami wave and to protect the fault alarm to the public.•Construction of warning tower in the tsunami high risk area: To disseminate the tsunami warning to the people or tourist at the seaside along the beach ,the warning or siren tower are necessary to construct.•Establishment of master plan for tsunami evacuation: The plan to evacuate the people should prepared before tsunami occur such as evacuation route and safe area, also the guideline and public relation are very important.•Conducting evacuation drill in Southern coast of Thailand: Even we have done the evacuation drill in six provinces, it still needed to continue the drill every year.•Education and public awareness: The essential part of disaster management is the education and public awareness. These should be set up both national and local level. Also the tsunami information and guidelines should be published and distributed to the people
