National Energy Balance 2011

NationalEnergyBalance 2011

Energy Commission Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water

SURUHANJAYA TENAGA (ENERGY COMMISSION)

No. 12, Jalan Tun Hussein, Precinct 2, 62100 Putrajaya, MalaysiaTel: (03)8870 8500 Fax: (03)8888 8637Toll Free Number: 1 - 800 - 2222 - 78 (ST) Email: [email protected]

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PUBLISHED BY:

ISSN NO : 0128 - 6323ST(P)08/07/2013

NationalEnergyBalance 2011

2 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011

Contents

Preface

Introduction

Data Compilation

Executive Summary

KEY ECONOMIC AND ENERGY DATATable 1 : Key Economic and Energy Data

Table 2 : Key Economic and Energy Data by Region

Figure 1 : Trends in GDP, Primary Energy

Supply and Final Energy Demand

Figure 2 : Primary Energy Supply, Electricity Demand and

Final Energy Demand per Capita

Figure 3 : Trends in GDP and Electricity Consumption

Figure 4 : Annual Growth Rates of GDP, Final Energy

Demand and Electricity Demand

Figure 5 : Final Energy Intensity

Figure 6 : Electricity Intensity

Figure 7 : Final Energy and Electricity Elasticity

Figure 8 : Primary Energy Supply

Figure 9 : Final Energy Demand by Sectors

Figure 10 : Final Energy Demand by Type of Fuels

Figure 11 : Official Selling Prices of Malaysian Crude Oil

Figure 12 : Ex-Singapore Prices of Major Petroleum

Products

Figure 13 : Annual Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

Contract Prices – Arab Gulf

Figure 14 : Retail Fuel Prices in Malaysia

Figure 15 : Average Annual Natural Gas Price in Malaysia

Figure 16 : Final Energy Demand per Capita in ASEAN

Figure 17 : Final Energy Intensity in ASEAN

OILTable 3 : Production and Reserves of Oil as of

1st January 2011

Table 4 : Refinery Licensed Capacity

Table 5 : Breakdown on Sales of Petroleum Products in

Thousand Barrels

Figure 18 : Net Export of Crude Oil

Figure 19 : Import and Export of Petroleum Products

Figure 20 : Production of Petroleum Products from

Refineries

Figure 21 : Final Consumption of Petroleum Products

NATURAL GASTable 6 : Reserves and Production of Natural Gas

as of 1st January 2011

Table 7 : Consumption of Natural Gas in mmscf

Figure 22 : Import and Export of Natural Gas and LNG

Figure 23 : Natural Gas Consumption by Sectors

Figure 24 : Conversion in Gas Plants

COALTable 8 : Production and Reserves of Coal as of

31st December 2011

Table 9 : Consumption of Coal in metric tonnes

Figure 25 : Net Import of Coal

Figure 26 : Coal Consumption by Sectors

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3Nat ional Energy Balance 2011

Table 25 : Final Energy Consumption by Sectors in ktoe

Table 26 : Final Energy Consumption by Type of Fuels in ktoe

Table 27 : Final Consumption for Petroleum Products in ktoe

Table 28 : Selected Energy and Economic Indicators

(1990-2011)

Table 29 : Energy Balance Table in 2011

(kilo tonnes of oil equivalent)

Table 30 : Energy Balance Table in First Quarter (1Q)

of 2011 (kilo tonnes of oil equivalent)

Table 31 : Energy Balance Table in Second Quarter

(2Q) of 2011 (kilo tonnes of oil equivalent)

Table 32 : Energy Balance Table in Third Quarter (3Q)


Table 33 : Energy Balance Table in Fourth Quarter


ENERGY FLOW CHART

NOTES ON ENERGY BALANCE

Energy Balance Format

Notes on Electricity

Notes on Coal

Notes on GDP

Notes on GNI

CONVERSION COEFFICIENTS AND EQUIVALENCE

DEFINITION

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ELECTRICITYTable 10 : Installed Capacity as of 31st December 2011

in MW

Figure 27 : Installed Capacity as of 31st December 2011

Table 11 : Available Capacity as of 31st December 2011

in MW

Figure 28 : Available Capacity as of 31st December 2011

Table 12 : Installed Capacity of Major Hydro Power Stations

Table 13 : Installed Capacity of Mini Hydro Power Stations

Table 14 : Transmission Network in Circuit – kilometers

Table 15 : Distribution Network in Circuit – kilometers

Table 16 : Breakdown on Electricity (Gross Generation,

Consumption, Available Capacity, Peak Demand

and Reserve Margin) for Malaysia

Figure 29 : Energy Input in Power Stations

Table 17 : Electricity Consumption by Sectors in GWh

Figure 30 : Electricity Consumption by Sectors in 2011

Figure 31 : Electricity Consumption by Sectors

Table 18 : Electricity Generation and Installed Capacity of

Renewable Energy by Public Licensee by Region

in 2011


Renewable Energy by Private Licensee by

Region in 2011

KEY ENERGY STATISTICSTable 20 : Primary Energy Supply in ktoe

Table 21 : Net Import and Export of Energy in ktoe

Table 22 : Conversion in Gas Plants in ktoe

Table 23 : Conversion in Refineries in ktoe

Table 24 : Conversion in Power Stations

(excluding co-generation & private licensed

plants) in ktoe


Preface

Despite the challenging international economic environment in 2011, the Malaysian economy recorded a steady growth rate of 5.1 percent (2010: 7.4 percent). Primary energy supply correspondingly recorded an increase of 3.2 percent from 76,809 ktoe in 2010 to 79,289 ktoe in 2011. The supply of crude oil and petroleum products, which increased by 7.7 percent, was the major contributor to the increase in the primary energy supply. Nevertheless, natural gas, with 45.1 percent share of the total primary energy supply, remained the dominant fuel in the country’s energy supply mix.

On the demand side, final energy demand increased by 4.8 percent, from 41,476 ktoe in 2010 to 43,455 ktoe in 2011. This increase in final energy demand was mainly attributed to the non-energy sector which consumed about 14.7 percent of the total final energy demand.

In the power sector, coal overtook natural gas as the fuel with the biggest share of energy input for electricity generation, at 46.6 percent of the total input of 27,924 ktoe. Natural gas decreased its share to 39.3 percent compared to 45.6 percent in 2010. Hydro contributed 6.6 percent, an increase from its share in 2010 of 5.7 percent. The share of fuel oil and diesel increased significantly to 7.5 percent when compared to the previous year’s share of only 1.9 percent.

Industrial energy intensity increased by 6.7 percent from 57.2 toe/RM million of GDP in 2010 to 61.1 toe/RM million of GDP in 2011. Malaysia’s final energy intensity improved from 61.3 toe/RM million in 2010 to 61.1 toe/RM million, equivalent to a reduction of 0.3 percent.

The National Energy Balance (NEB) report shows that, generally over the years, Malaysia’s demand for energy has been rising with our economic growth, although our final energy intensity has improved since 2002. In addressing this increasing energy demand challenge, more market-based mechanisms need to be introduced to incentivise optimal resource allocation as well as further improve energy efficiency and supply security.

Reliable monitoring and projection of energy supply and consumption by the government and industry becomes indispensable for sound decision making. In this regard, accurate and timely national energy statistics of the NEB report is indeed the foundation for developing sound national energy policies. They will enable us to initiate and implement relevant and timely policy initiatives to meet our future energy demand requirements.

I wish to thank all relevant government agencies, power utilities, independent power producers, oil and gas companies, coal producers, cement and iron and steel manufacturers, and others, for your continuing support in the publication of the NEB.

Thank you.

YB DATUK SERI PANGLIMA DR. MAXIMUS JOHNITY ONGKILIMinister of Energy, Green Technology and WaterMalaysia

On the demand side, final energy demand increased by 4.8 percent, from 41,476 ktoe in 2010 to 43,455 ktoe in 2011. This increase in final energy demand was mainly attributed to the non-energy sector which consumed about 14.7 percent of the total final energy demand.


Introduction

This 2nd publication of the National Energy Balance (NEB) report by the Energy Commission (ST) is a reflection of the added responsibility of being the main reference point for energy data in Malaysia apart from its roles as the nation’s regulator of electricity and piped gas supplies. This report is a complete statistical publication for energy supply and demand of the nation, and is based on an energy balance format using similar energy units for all the reported data.

The NEB provides not only historical and statistical data on energy supply and demand, but also has energy indicators which show the performance of the energy sector in the country. The report covers three major areas, namely the Energy Supply, Transformation and Final Use, and includes natural gas, crude oil, petroleum products, coal and coke, electricity, hydropower and renewable energy.

As the focal point for energy data for Malaysia, ST has made collaborative arrangements, to provide monthly, quarterly and annual energy data to the relevant agencies such as the International Energy Agency (IEA), International Energy Forum Secretariat (IEFS), The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEEJ), Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE). Additionally, ST also contributes annually to the ASEAN Energy Outlook Report, which is jointly prepared under Energy Supply Security Planning for ASEAN (ESSPA), an area of cooperation between IEEJ and ACE.

To ensure accurate, reliable and up-to-date data for the policy makers and other stakeholders of the energy sector, ST has undertaken various efforts towards strengthening relationships with data providers as it will be important to get their cooperation. Activities such as workshops, dialogue sessions and site visits have been regularly conducted with these entities, to identify and resolve issues pertaining to the gathering of energy data and statistics.

In this publication, efforts have been made to enhance the NEB coverage and scope by putting in renewable energy sources and presenting energy consumption by subsectors. Also included is data for biodiesel used in the transport sector.

The public can access the Malaysian Energy Information Hub (MEIH) to obtain historical data of energy demand and supply from 1978 till the present. The data can be downloaded in PDF or Excel format.

In 2013, we hope to integrate the data input system in the MEIH website, so as to enable all data providers of NEB to submit the data online through the MEIH website. This will improve data accuracy by minimising human error during the process of data entry by data providers.

I wish to express our gratitude to the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water and all data providers for their support and contributions towards the preparation of this NEB report.

Thank you.

TAN SRI DATUK DR. AHMAD TAJUDDIN BIN ALIChairman of Energy CommissionMalaysia


Data Compilation

The first stage in compiling the overall balance is to rearrange the data to fit into a standard structure of commodity (or partial) balance. The commodity balance shows clearly the production, imports, exports, stock change and demand for each energy commodity. The basic sequence adhered to in the overall balance is:-

Production + Imports - Exports +/- Stock change = Apparent inland deliveries (or consumption)

In practice, however, “Apparent inland deliveries” deduced from supply statistics hardly ever match actual sales data. It is necessary, therefore, to include two “statistical discrepancies” - the first to account for the difference in apparent inland delivery of primary supply mainly due to the difficulties in obtaining actual stock change data and difference in data compilation at source and the second to account for the difference in secondary supply as the result of the transformation processes of one form of energy to another.

In addition, the statistical discrepancy also acts as a balancing tool to minimize possible errors. In the case of oil and oil products, losses in transportation and distribution, as well as statistical errors are included in the statistical discrepancy. However, for electricity, distribution losses and the sector’s own use of electricity are accounted for in the “losses and own use”.

Stock changes are not fully accounted for in the balance. It is extremely difficult to obtain stocks of all energy commodities at distributors and final users. Only oil companies’ stocks were readily available and these would include stocks at refineries and depots. The statistical discrepancy might thus also include unrecorded stock changes. Coal stocks at TNB power stations and a producer in Sarawak are taken into account.

In summary, the flow of energy is represented by the following equations:-

Primary Energy Supply = Production + Imports - Exports - Bunkers +/- Stock Change

Energy Demand = Gross inland consumption = Final energy consumption + Consumption of the energy transformation sector + Distribution losses + Non-energy consumption

Nat ional Energy Balance 2011


Energy Overview

The Malaysian economy recorded a steady pace of growth of 5.1 percent in 2011, despite the challenging international economic environment. Growth was lower in the first half of the year, particularly in the second quarter, as the economy was affected by the overall weakness in the advanced economies and the disruptions in the global manufacturing supply chain arising from the natural disaster in Japan. Although the global economic environment became increasingly more challenging and uncertain in the second half of the year, Malaysia’s economic growth improved due to stronger domestic demand.

With the positive and strong economic growth, Malaysia’s energy supply and demand also rose in tandem. Total primary energy supply and final energy demand recorded a growth of 3.2 percent and 4.8 percent respectively when compared with that of the previous year. The lower growth rates of final energy demand compared with GDP indicates that Malaysia used energy more efficiently.

Primary Energy Supply

The Malaysian total primary energy supply in 2011 was recorded at 79,289 ktoe, a 3.2 percent growth from the previous year (2010: 3.0 percent). The growth was attributed to the higher imports of energy in order to meet local demand. The highest increase of imports was observed for natural gas as it recorded an increase of 26.3 percent to settle at 6,979 ktoe. The total increase of primary energy supply was attributed to the lower total exports of energy, as it declined by 6.6 percent to settle at 49,142 ktoe. This high drop was due to the lower export of crude oil which declined by 33.4 percent in 2011 compared to that in the previous year to register at 11,404 ktoe.

In 2011, the total crude oil and condensates production posted a decrease of 1.8 percent from that of 2010 to 28,325 ktoe or 569.8 thousand barrels per day. This was due to major scheduled maintenance and shutdown programmes that were carried out during this period, involving over 70 fields and 10 pipelines. These shutdowns were planned to coincide with tie-in work for new field development facilities that are expected to come on-stream in the next few years. Natural gas production

remained stable, averaging at 7,299 million standard cubic feet per day (mmscfd) compared to 7,476 mmscfd in the previous year. A slight decrease was recorded for Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah with 13.2 percent and 3.2 percent negative growth rates respectively. Overall, the production of oil and gas was maintained by the addition of three new gas fields (Cilipadi, F9 and Melor & Laho) and three new oil fields (Dana, East Piatu and Sepat) that were brought on-stream in 2011. This increased the total number of producing fields in Malaysia to 124, comprising 76 oil fields and 48 gas fields.

The primary supply of crude oil was at 24,679 ktoe in 2011, an increase of 9.7 percent from 22,487 ktoe in 2010. The increase was mainly due to higher imports and lower exports during the 2011 period. The primary supply of natural gas which stood at 35,740 ktoe in 2011 is an increase of 0.8 percent from the 2010 level of 35,447 ktoe. The increase was mainly due to higher imports of natural gas in 2010. The primary supply of coal and coke in the country was stable at 14,772 ktoe in 2011 compared to 14,777 ktoe in 2010. Higher imports of coal and coke in 2011, which increased by 5.5 percent, was recorded in line with the increase in local demand especially from the power sector. In 2011, the primary supply of hydropower energy recorded an increase of 17.3 percent to 1,850 ktoe. This was due to the commissioning of Bakun Hydro that generated 300 MW in 3Q 2011 and 750 MW in 4Q 2011.

As of 1st January 2011, Malaysia’s crude oil reserves stood at 5.858 billion barrels compared to 5.799 billion barrels in the previous year. This increase was due mainly from Peninsular Malaysia totalling 2.374 billion barrels compared to that in the previous year at 2.061 billion barrels. Meanwhile, as of 1st January 2011, Malaysia’s natural gas reserves increased to 89.988 trillion standard cubic feet (tscf), from the 2010 level of 88.587 tscf. PETRONAS made two gas discoveries in the shallow water areas offshore of the west coast of Sabah. The first discovery was via the Zuhal East-1 well, which is located in the Samarang Asam Paya Block about 130 km southwest of Kota Kinabalu. The well was spudded in at a water depth of 38 m and reached a total depth of 2,336 m to confirm the presence of significant gas-bearing reservoirs. The current estimate of gas-initially-in-place is about 550 billion standard cubic feet (bscf).

Executive Summary


Energy Transformation

The total oil refineries production in 2011 was recorded at 23,867 ktoe, an increase of 12.5 percent compared to the previous year (2010: 21,207 ktoe). All major petroleum products showed an upward trend except for Petrol, LPG and Kerosene. Of the total production, Diesel took up the highest share (37.4 percent), followed by Non-Energy (19.1 percent), Petrol (15.1 percent), ATF and AV GAS (14.5 percent), Refinery Gas (6.9 percent), LPG (2.8 percent), Fuel Oil (2.4 percent) and Kerosene (1.8 percent). Currently, Malaysia’s total refinery capacity is 492 thousand barrels per day, excluding the condensates splitter capacity of 74.3 thousand barrels per day.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) production from the Gas Processing Plant (GPP) increased to 2,434 ktoe compared to the previous level of 2,299 ktoe. The LPG production from the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plants recorded a more than double drop to 214 ktoe in 2011 compared to the previous year’s level of 451 ktoe. The Middle Distillate Synthesis (MDS) plant output also showed a downward trend of 20.9 percent to settle at 359 ktoe compared to the previous year’s level of 454 ktoe. The petroleum products from MDS plant consisted of 70.2 percent Non-Energy products, 20.6 percent Diesel and 9.2 percent Kerosene.

Electricity

Malaysia’s total installed electricity generation capacity as of 31st December 2011 was at 28,749 MW. Peninsular Malaysia had about 84.3 percent of the total, followed by Sarawak at 9.0 percent and Sabah at 6.7 percent. An additional 750 MW of major hydro capacities were recorded for 2011 in Sarawak. Gross electricity generation registered 123,561 GWh, an increase of 14.2 percent from the previous year (2010: 108,175 GWh). The electricity consumption was 107,330 GWh, an increase of 2.7 percent from the previous year (2010: 104,521 GWh). The peak demand for Peninsular Malaysia of 15,476 MW was recorded in the second quarter of the year (2Q 2011), while in Sarawak it was at 1,214 MW (in 3Q 2011) and in Sabah it was at 830 MW (2Q 2011). The calculated reserve margin for Peninsular Malaysia was 37.0 percent, 66.8 percent for Sarawak and 40.7 percent for Sabah.

In 2011, the total energy or fuel input to power stations increased by 0.8 percent to 27,924 ktoe. The biggest drop was

observed for Natural Gas, as it decreased by 13.1 percent from the 2010 level at 12,628 ktoe to 10,977 ktoe in 2011. In order to meet the local demand, the power industry shifted to diesel and fuel oil. As a result, Fuel Oil and Diesel inputs in power station increased significantly by 782.4 percent and 136.4 percent respectively. Analysis by fuel share showed that Coal and Coke are the main fuel sources for electricity generation with 46.6 percent of the total fuel inputs, followed by Natural Gas at 39.3 percent, Hydropower at 6.6 percent, Fuel Oil at 4.0 percent and Diesel at 3.5 percent.

The total electricity consumption in the country remained robust with a growth rate of 2.7 percent. The agriculture sector showed the highest growth with 9.6 percent, followed by commercial at 4.8 percent and the remaining residential and industrial sectors both grew at 1.7 percent. The industrial sector was the main consumer of electricity in Malaysia with its share of 43.9 percent of the total consumption in 2011. This was followed by the commercial sector at 34.3 percent, residential sector at 21.4 percent, agriculture sector at 0.3 percent and transport sector at 0.2 percent.

Final Energy Demand

Total final energy demand in 2011 experienced an increase of 4.8 percent from the previous year to register at 43,455 ktoe. The increase was attributed to the high demand from the non-energy sector which grew 72.5 percent to settle at 6,377 ktoe. This was followed by the residential sector’s demand growth of 4.2 percent. Demand from the transport sector also increased in 2011 by 1.4 percent to 17,070 ktoe. Analysis showed that the transport sector was still the main consumer of energy in the country with a share of 39.3 percent. This was followed by the industrial sector at 27.8 percent, non-energy sector at 14.7 percent, commercial sector at 9.7 percent, residential sector at 6.4 percent and the agriculture sector at 2.1 percent.

In 2011, the industrial GDP of Malaysia registered a positive growth of 2.7 percent compared to the previous year, with growth mainly coming from the manufacturing and construction sectors. In terms of energy efficiency, Malaysia’s industrial energy intensity for 2011 was 61.3 toe/RM million, an increase of 6.7 percent from the previous year’s intensity.

The total final energy demand by type of fuels shows that Petroleum Products constituted about 55.1 percent of total


energy demand, followed by Electricity at 21.3 percent, Natural Gas at 19.6 percent and Coal and Coke at 4.0 percent. All fuels experienced demand growth in 2011, except for Coal and Coke and total Petroleum Products. Natural Gas demand recorded the highest growth rate with 36.2 percent, followed by Electricity at 2.7 percent growth. Coal and Coke final demand decreased by 3.7 percent to 1,759 ktoe. Total demand for Petroleum Products also experienced a similar trend with a negative growth rate of 1.9 percent to register at 23,946 ktoe.

Final Demand for Petroleum Products

In 2011, the total final energy demand for Petroleum Products declined by 2.0 percent with the major drop coming from the Petrol and Fuel Oil. Final demand for Petrol dropped by 14.7 percent whilst demand for Fuel Oil and LPG decreased by 13.4 percent and 1.0 percent respectively. In terms of share, Diesel (36.4 percent) and Petrol (34.1 percent) continued to be the largest contributors to the total demand for Petroleum Products. This was followed by LPG (12.1 percent), ATF and AV GAS (10.7 percent), Non-Energy (4.9 percent), Fuel Oil (1.7 percent) and Kerosene (0.1 percent).

Outlook in 2012

Amid the more challenging external environment, Malaysia’s economy is projected to experience a steady pace of growth of 4 – 5 percent in 2012. Domestic demand is expected to remain resilient and will continue to be the anchor for growth. The global oil and gas sector is expected to remain exciting in 2012, driven by dynamic business drivers such as oil price, energy demand outlook, global economic recovery and geopolitical uncertainties. Global oil demand is still projected to grow at a revised rate of 1.2 percent in 2012 compared to 1.5 percent in 2011. This downward revision is primarily attributed to weaker demand from Europe as well as higher oil prices. The majority of global oil demand growth will be from the emerging economies, with China contributing 25 percent of this growth in 2012. As for the power sector, the Government in 2011 passed the Renewable Energy (RE) Act, and launched a roadmap to increase the contribution of RE to the electricity generation mix from less than 1 percent currently to 5.5 percent by 2015. Under the Act, a Feed-in Tariff (FiT) mechanism will be implemented in December 2011, to be paid for by contributions of 1 percent of consumer electricity bills into an RE fund.



Key Economic and Energy Data

Table 1 : Key Economic and Energy Data

Table 2 : Key Economic and Energy Data by Region

Figure 1 : Trends in GDP, Primary Energy

Supply and Final Energy Demand

Figure 2 : Primary Energy Supply, Electricity Demand and

Final Energy Demand per Capita

Figure 3 : Trends in GDP and Electricity Consumption

Figure 4 : Annual Growth Rates of GDP, Final Energy

Demand and Electricity Demand

Figure 5 : Final Energy Intensity

Figure 6 : Final Electricity Intensity

Figure 7 : Final Elasticity

Figure 8 : Primary Energy Supply

Figure 9 : Final Energy Demand by Sectors

Figure 10 : Final Energy Demand by Type of Fuels

Figure 11 : Official Selling Prices of Malaysian Crude Oil

Figure 12 : Ex-Singapore Prices of Major Petroleum

Products

Figure 13 : Annual Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

Contract Prices – Arab Gulf

Figure 14 : Retail Fuel Prices in Malaysia

Figure 15 : Average Annual Natural Gas Price in Malaysia

Figure 16 : Final Energy Demand per Capita in ASEAN

Figure 17 : Final Energy Intensity in ASEAN

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Table 1: Key Economic and Energy Data

Key Economic and Energy Data

2011

1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q Total

GDP at 2005 prices (RM million)* 170,667 174,887 181,357 184,440 711,351

GDP at current prices (RM million)* 211,394 217,956 224,687 230,419 884,456

GNI at 2005 prices (RM million)* 159,292 162,709 171,687 173,206 666,894

GNI at current prices (RM million)* 205,432 211,274 220,931 225,013 862,650

Population ('000 people)** 28,870 28,964 29,057 29,151 28,964

Primary Energy Supply (ktoe) 19,568 19,263 20,043 20,414 79,289

Final Energy Demand (ktoe) 10,506 11,043 11,215 10,692 43,455

Electricity Demand (ktoe) 2,171 2,377 2,382 2,305 9,235

Electricity Demand (GWh) 25,232 27,626 27,684 26,789 107,331

Per Capita

GDP (at 2005 prices, RM million)* 5,912 6,038 6,241 6,327 24,560

Primary Energy Supply (toe) 0.678 0.665 0.690 0.700 2.737

Final Energy Demand (toe) 0.364 0.381 0.386 0.367 1.500

Electricity Demand (kWh) 874 954 953 919 3,706

Energy Intensity

Primary Energy Supply (toe/GDP at 2005 prices (RM million))

114.7 110.1 110.5 110.7 111.5

Final Energy Demand (toe/GDP at 2005 prices (RM million))

61.6 63.1 61.8 58.0 61.1

Electricity Demand (toe/GDP at 2005 prices(RM million))

12.7 13.6 13.1 12.5 13.0

Electricity Demand (GWh/GDP at 2005 prices(RM million))

0.148 0.158 0.153 0.145 0.151

Note(*) : Quarterly data from Department of Statistics Malaysia(**) : Mid-year population from Department of Statistics Malaysia


Table 2: Key Economic and Energy Data by Region

Peninsular Malaysia 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

GDP at 2005 prices (RM million) 459,893 486,659 517,780 544,320 534,023 577,044 606,634*

Population ('000 people)** 21,075 21,370 21,662 21,951 22,241 22,656 23,132

Final Energy Demand (ktoe) 32,195 34,390 37,921 38,530 34,521 35,593 35,970

Electricity Demand (ktoe) 6,366 6,669 7,030 7,307 7,567 8,145 8,427

Electricity Demand (GWh) 73,987 77,504 81,710 84,924 87,950 94,666 97,939

Per Capita

GDP at 2005 prices (RM million) 21,822 22,773 23,903 24,797 24,011 25,470 26,225

Final Energy Demand (toe) 1.528 1.609 1.751 1.755 1.552 1.571 1.555

Electricity Demand (kWh) 3,511 3,627 3,772 3,869 3,955 4,178 4,234

Energy Intensity

Final Energy Demand (toe/GDP at 2005 prices (RM million)) 70.0 70.7 73.2 70.8 64.6 61.7 59.3

Electricity Demand (toe/GDP at 2005 prices (RM million)) 13.8 13.7 13.6 13.4 14.2 14.1 13.9

Electricity Demand (GWh/GDP at 2005 prices (RM million)) 0.161 0.159 0.158 0.156 0.165 0.164 0.161

Sabah 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011




Electricity Demand (ktoe) 238 255 285 299 329 355 368


Per Capita



Electricity Demand (kWh) 899 958 1,061 1,102 1,199 1,287 1,289

Energy Intensity

Final Energy Demand (toe/GDP at 2005 prices (RM million)) 91.7 80.7 86.3 85.7 81.9 72.3 86.3



Sarawak 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011




Electricity Demand (ktoe) 339 348 368 380 391 493 440


Per Capita



Electricity Demand (kWh) 1,694 1,712 1,783 1,814 1,839 2,286 2,033

Energy Intensity

Final Energy Demand (toe/GDP at 2005 prices (RM million)) 61.7 60.3 58.7.0 55.6 55.9 50.9 62.2



Note(*) : Estimated based on data from Department of Statistics Malaysia(**) : Mid-year population from Department of Statistics Malaysia


1990

Year

Pri

mar

y E

nerg

y Su

pp

ly (k

toe)

21,4

7126

,335

29,2

9129

,925

31,6

6233

,879

37,8

4043

,173

40,9

9644

,534

50,7

1051

,979

53,1

9657

,565

62,8

3666

,211

67,0

2172

,389

76,0

3274

,583

76,8

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,289

13,1

4614

,563

16,1

8517

,728

19,2

8722

,164

24,1

8126

,167

25,5

5827

,228

29,6

9931

,515

33,2

8934

,586

37,3

2338

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38,5

6741

,606

41,9

6840

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41,4

7643

,455

217,

047

237,

766

258,

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284,

509

310,

718

341,

258

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402,

882

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231

396,

140

431,

234

433,

466

456,

834

483,

278

516,

061

543,

578

573,

936

610,

087

639,

565

629,

885

676,

653

711,

351

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20,0

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50,0

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200,

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300,

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ces)

kto

e

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Dem

and

(kto

e)

GD

P a

t 20

05 P

rice

s (R

M m

illio

n)*

Figu

re 1

: Tr

ends

in G

DP,

Pri

mar

y E

nerg

y S

uppl

y an

d Fi

nal E

nerg

y D

eman

d

Not

e:

i) P

rim

ary

Ene

rgy

Sup

ply

does

not

incl

ude

Ren

ewab

le E

nerg

y (R

E)

exce

pt H

ydro

pow

er

Sou

rce:

i)

D

epar

tmen

t of

Sta

tist

ics

Mal

aysi

aii)

Nat

iona

l Ene

rgy

Bal

ance

20

10


toe

kWh

1990

Ele

ctri

city

Dem

and

per

Cap

ita

(kW

h)1,

101

1,17

81,

358

1,46

01,

700

1,90

22,

080

2,35

92,

406

2,47

22,

603

2,69

52,

783

2,89

82,

980

3,04

83,

150

3,28

53,

370

3,45

23,

700

3,70

6

1.19

1.39

1.54

1.53

1.58

1.64

1.79

2.00

1.85

1.97

2.16

2.15

2.15

2.27

2.43

2.50

2.50

2.66

2.76

2.67

2.72

2.74

0.73

0.77

0.85

0.91

0.96

1.07

1.15

1.21

1.16

1.20

1.26

1.31

1.35

1.37

1.44

1.45

1.44

1.53

1.52

1.46

1.47

1.50

0.50

500

1,00

0

1,50

0

2,00

0

2,50

0

3,00

0

3,50

0

4,00

0

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Pri

mar

y E

nerg

y Su

pp

lyp

er C

apit

a (t

oe)

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Dem

and

per

Cap

ita

(to

e)

Sou

rce:

i)

D

epar

tmen

t of

Sta

tist

ics

Mal

aysi

aii)

Nat

iona

l Ene

rgy

Bal

ance

20

10

Figu

re 2

: P

rim

ary

Ene

rgy

Sup

ply,

Ele

ctri

city

Dem

and

and

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Dem

and

per

Cap

ita


Figu

re 3

: Tr

ends

in G

DP

and

Ele

ctri

city

Con

sum

ptio

n

1990

GD

P a

t 20

05 P

rice

s ( R

M M

illio

n)21

7,04

823

7,76

625

8,89

228

4,50

831

0,71

734

1,25

837

5,39

440

2,88

337

3,23

339

6,14

043

1,23

443

3,46

645

6,83

448

3,27

851

6,06

154

3,57

857

3,93

661

0,08

763

9,56

562

9,88

567

6,65

371

1,35

1

19,9

3222

,373

25,7

7828

,474

34,0

7639

,225

43,8

9750

,952

53,1

9555

,961

61,1

6865

,015

68,8

2773

,371

77,1

9580

,705

84,5

1789

,294

92,8

1596

,302

104,

519

107,

331

50,0

00

35,0

00

25,0

00

15,0

00

45,0

00

55,0

00

65,0

00

75,0

00

85,0

00

95,0

00

105,

000

115,

000

150,

000

250,

000

350,

000

450,

000

550,

000

650,

000

750,

000

RM

Mill

ion

(at

2005

pri

ces)

GW

h

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Ele

ctri

city

Dem

and

(GW

h)

Sou

rce:

i)

D

epar

tmen

t of

Sta

tist

ics

Mal

aysi

aii)

Nat

iona

l Ene

rgy

Bal

ance

20

10


1990

GD

P a

t 20

05 P

rice

s9.

019.

558.

889.

909.

219.

8310

.00

7.32

(7.3

6)6.

148.

860.

525.

395.

796.

785.

335.

586.

304.

83(1

.51)

7.42

5.13

8.70

10.7

811

.14

9.53

8.79

14.9

29.

108.

21(2

.33)

6.53

9.08

6.11

5.63

3.90

7.91

2.58

0.74

7.88

0.87

(2.6

8)1.

544.

77

9.70

12.2

415

.22

10.4

619

.67

15.1

111

.91

16.0

74.

405.

209.

306.

295.

866.

605.

214.

554.

725.

653.

943.

768.

532.

69

(10)

(15)(5)-510152025(%)

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Dem

and

Ele

ctri

city

Dem

and

Figu

re 4

: A

nnua

l Gro

wth

Rat

es o

f G

DP,

Fin

al E

nerg

y D

eman

d an

d E

lect

rici

ty D

eman

d

Sou

rce:

i)

D

epar

tmen

t of

Sta

tist

ics

Mal

aysi

aii)

Nat

iona

l Ene

rgy

Bal

ance

20

10


Figu

re 5

: Fi

nal E

nerg

y In

tens

ity 19

90

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Inte

nsit

y(t

oe

/ R

M M

illio

n at

200

5 P

rice

s)*

60.5

761

.25

62.5

262

.31

62.0

764

.95

64.4

264

.95

68.4

868

.73

68.8

772

.70

72.8

771

.57

72.3

270

.43

67.2

068

.20

65.6

264

.85

61.3

061

.09

49.4

352

.37

56.2

259

.68

58.1

057

.92

59.0

758

.91

63.6

057

.91

58.4

362

.45

64.9

062

.15

62.7

462

.80

61.9

564

.68

63.2

363

.89

57.2

461

.08

47.0

0

49.0

0

51.0

0

53.0

0

55.0

0

57.0

0

59.0

0

61.0

0

63.0

0

65.0

0

67.0

0

69.0

0

71.0

0

73.0

0

45.0

0

75.0

0

toe

/ R

M M

illio

n(a

t 20

05 p

rice

s)

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Ind

ustr

ial E

nerg

y In

tens

ity

(to

e /

RM

Mill

ion

at 2

005

Pri

ces)

**

Not

e:

In

tens

ity

= Q

uant

ity

of e

nerg

y re

quir

ed p

er u

nit

outp

ut o

r ac

tivi

ty

(*)

: Fi

nal E

nerg

y D

eman

d / G

DP

at

20

05

pri

ces

(*

*) :

Indu

stri

al E

nerg

y D

eman

d / I

ndus

tria

l GD

P a

t 2

00

5 p

rice

s

Sou

rce:

i)

D

epar

tmen

t of

Sta

tist

ics

Mal

aysi

aii)

Nat

iona

l Ene

rgy

Bal

ance

20

10


Figu

re 6

: E

lect

rici

ty I

nten

sity

GW

h /

RM

Mill

ion

(at

2005

pri

ces)

toe

/ R

M M

illio

n(a

t 20

05 p

rice

s)

Ele

ctri

city

Inte

nsit

y (t

oe/

GD

P

at 2

005

Pri

ces

(RM

Mill

ion)

)*7.

98.

18.

68.

69.

49.

910

.110

.912

.312

.212

.212

.913

.013

.112

.912

.812

.712

.612

.513

.213

.313

.0

0.09

20.

094

0.10

00.

100

0.11

00.

115

0.11

70.

126

0.14

30.

141

0.14

20.

150

0.15

10.

152

0.15

00.

148

0.14

70.

146

0.14

50.

153

0.15

50.

151

Ele

ctri

city

Inte

nsit

y (G

Wh/

GD

Pat

200

5 P

rice

s (R

M M

illio

n))*

*

1990

0.02

02.

0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

0.04

0

0.06

0

0.08

0

0.10

0

0.12

0

0.14

0

0.16

0

0.18

0

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Not

e:

Inte

nsit

y = Q

uant

ity

of e

nerg

y re

quir

ed p

er u

nit

outp

ut o

r ac

tivi

ty

(*)

: E

lect

rici

ty I

nten

sity

(to

e/ R

M M

illio

n G

DP

) at

20

05

pri

ces

(*

*) :

Ele

ctri

city

Int

ensi

ty (

GW

h/R

M M

illio

n G

DP

) at

20

05

pri

ces

Sou

rces

: i)

D

epar

tmen

t of

Sta

tist

ics

Mal

aysi

aii)

TN

B,

SE

SB

, S

EB

and

IP

Ps

iii)

Nat

iona

l Ene

rgy

Bal

ance

20

10


Fina

l Ene

rgy

Ela

stic

ity

0.97

1.13

1.25

0.96

0.95

1.52

0.91

1.12

0.32

1.06

1.02

11.8

11.

040.

671.

170.

480.

131.

250.

181.

770.

22

1.08

1.28

1.71

1.06

2.14

1.54

1.19

2.19

(0.6

0)0.

851.

0512

.15

1.09

1.14

0.77

0.85

0.85

0.90

0.82

(2.4

8)1.

19

0.94

0.53

Ele

ctri

city

Ela

stic

ity

1990

(2.0

0)

(4.0

0)-

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.0

0

12.0

0

14.0

0

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Figu

re 7

: Fi

nal E

nerg

y an

d E

lect

rici

ty E

last

icit

y

Not

e:

1

. Fi

nal E

nerg

y E

last

icit

y is

a r

atio

bet

wee

n gr

owth

s of

ene

rgy

cons

umpt

ion

and

econ

omic

gro

wth

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Ela

stic

ity

= G

row

th R

ate

of E

nerg

y C

onsu

mpt

ion

(%)

G

row

th R

ate

of G

DP

(%

) 2

. E

lect

rici

ty E

last

icit

y is

a r

atio

bet

wee

n gr

owth

s of

ele

ctri

city

con

sum

ptio

n an

d ec

onom

ic g

row

th

E

lect

rici

ty E

last

icit

y = G

row

th R

ate

of E

lect

rici

ty C

onsu

mpt

ion

(%)

G

row

th R

ate

of G

DP

(%

)


Figu

re 8

: P

rim

ary

Ene

rgy

Sup

ply kto

e

12,4

2913

,606

15,2

7315

,951

16,0

5516

,767

19,3

5321

,720

19,0

5119

,450

20,2

4221

,673

22,1

2423

,936

25,2

5324

,096

23,2

4025

,381

24,4

5326

,482

25,0

0826

,927

Cru

de

Oil,

Pet

role

um P

rod

ucts

and

Oth

ers

1990

Hyd

rop

ow

er91

51,

053

997

1,26

21,

652

1,54

01,

243

790

1,11

31,

668

1,61

21,

687

1,32

91,

056

1,32

91,

313

1,56

71,

522

1,96

41,

627

1,57

71,

850

1,32

61,

564

1,64

01,

352

1,56

31,

612

1,67

71,

622

1,73

11,

940

2,48

62,

970

3,62

45,

316

7,10

96,

889

7,29

98,

848

9,78

210

,623

14,7

7714

,772

6,80

110

,112

11,3

8111

,360

12,3

9213

,960

15,5

6719

,041

19,1

0121

,476

26,3

7025

,649

26,1

0127

,257

29,1

4533

,913

34,9

1736

,639

39,2

8935

,851

35,4

4735

,740

40,0

00

30,0

00

20,0

00

10,0

00 0

50,0

00

60,0

00

70,0

00

80,0

00

90,0

00

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Co

al a

nd C

oke

Nat

ural

Gas

Sou

rce:

Nat

iona

l Ene

rgy

Bal

ance

20

10

, oi

l and

gas

com

pani

es,

pow

er u

tilit

ies,

IP

Ps,

cem

ent,

iron

and

ste

el m

anuf

actu

rers


Figu

re 9

: Fi

nal E

nerg

y D

eman

d by

Sec

tors

5,30

05,

835

6,45

57,

012

7,28

38,

060

9,83

810

,106

10,1

2110

,277

11,4

0611

,852

12,8

5413

,472

14,9

1415

,492

15,2

4816

,454

16,2

0514

,312

12,9

2812

,100

Ind

ustr

ial

kto

e

5,38

65,

806

6,22

66,

558

7,26

27,

827

8,95

110

,201

9,79

311

,393

12,0

7113

,137

13,4

4214

,271

15,3

8515

,384

14,8

1915

,717

16,3

9516

,119

16,8

2817

,070

Tran

spo

rt

1990

Ag

ricu

ltur

e0

130

391

6242

244

648

649

030

710

610

498

9698

8710

125

326

528

721

11,

074

916

838

1,07

11,

222

2,02

71,

817

1,99

41,

744

2,29

82,

023

1,79

92,

250

2,37

82,

511

2,34

52,

183

2,17

32,

819

2,95

82,

876

3,86

83,

696

6,37

7

1,62

21,

721

1,89

12,

069

2,50

22,

837

3,16

23,

073

3,31

43,

653

3,86

84,

048

4,38

74,

399

4,75

45,

134

5,43

06,

212

6,20

56,

336

6,95

16,

993

25,0

00

20,0

00

15,0

00

5,00

0

10,0

00 0

30,0

00

35,0

00

40,0

00

45,0

00

50,0

00

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

No

n -

Ene

rgy

Use

Res

iden

tial

and

Co

mm

erci

al

Sou

rce:

i)

O

il an

d ga

s co

mpa

nies

, TN

B,

SE

SB

, S

EB

, IP

Ps,

cem

ent,

iron

and

ste

el m

anuf

actu

rers

ii) N

atio

nal E

nerg

y B

alan

ce 2

01

0


Figu

re 1

0:

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Dem

and

by T

ype

of F

uels

kto

e

9,82

510

,914

11,9

2713

,075

13,8

9416

,142

17,2

0318

,578

17,4

8818

,782

19,5

8220

,323

20,6

3821

,175

22,8

8623

,012

22,3

9424

, 852

24,4

5124

,145

24,4

0323

,946

Pet

role

um P

rod

ucts

and

Oth

ers

1990

Co

al a

nd C

oke

513

599

672

487

598

712

727

740

767

608

991

977

1,08

61,

212

1,30

51,

348

1,33

51,

361

1,71

31,

613

1,82

61,

759

1,06

91,

099

1,34

41,

701

1,66

01,

654

2,07

92,

465

2,72

63,

032

3,86

24,

620

5,64

25,

886

6,49

06,

981

7,56

27,

709

7,81

86,

802

6,25

48,

515

1,71

51,

925

2,21

82,

450

2,93

23,

375

3,77

74,

384

4,57

74,

815

5,26

35,

594

5,92

26,

313

6,64

26,

944

7,27

27,

683

7,98

68,

286

8,99

39,

241

25,0

00

20,0

00

15,0

00

10,0

00

5,00

0 0

30,0

00

35,0

00

40,0

00

45,0

00

50,0

00

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Nat

ural

Gas

Ele

ctri

city

Sou

rce:

i)

Oil

and

gas

com

pani

es,

TNB

, S

ES

B,

SE

B,

IPP

s, c

emen

t, ir

on a

nd s

teel

man

ufac

ture

rsii)

Nat

iona

l Ene

rgy

Bal

ance

20

10


Figu

re 1

1:

Offi

cial

Sel

ling

Pri

ces

of M

alay

sian

Cru

de O

il

Mir

i Lig

ht C

rud

e23

.56

21.1

720

.68

18.9

117

.20

18.4

322

.18

21.2

813

.83

18.9

530

.25

25.0

625

.52

30.6

041

.84

57.7

169

.56

78.9

610

2.79

64.9

779

.51

117.

90

23.0

620

.67

20.1

818

.46

16.9

018

.06

21.8

920

.78

13.4

829

.95

29.9

524

.78

25.5

230

.33

41.5

457

.43

69.2

878

.66

102.

4964

.67

79.2

111

7.57

Bin

tulu

Cru

de

Tere

ngg

anu

Co

nden

sate

22.7

620

.37

19.8

818

.26

16.4

517

.33

21.0

819

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12.6

117

.76

30.2

923

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24.3

229

.40

40.6

456

.51

68.6

677

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101.

5963

.77

78.3

111

5.15

19.1

026

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20.2

018

.25

15.0

017

.36

19.7

925

.13

14.8

011

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29.0

923

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24.4

229

.50

40.7

456

.61

68.4

577

.92

101.

6963

.87

78.4

111

6.77

Bin

tulu

Co

nden

sate

Dul

ang

0.00

0.00

21.1

519

.20

15.4

018

.16

20.3

025

.66

15.5

711

.84

29.1

824

.68

25.2

329

.99

41.1

757

.41

68.9

678

.59

102.

4964

.67

79.2

111

7.57

1990

Tap

is B

lend

23.8

621

.47

20.9

819

.11

17.3

018

.53

22.2

821

.18

13.8

118

.95

30.2

525

.06

25.5

230

.60

41.8

457

.71

69.5

678

.96

102.

7964

.97

79.5

111

7.10

23.7

621

.37

20.8

819

.11

17.4

018

.63

22.3

821

.33

13.8

418

.95

30.2

525

.06

25.5

230

.60

41.8

457

.71

69.5

678

.96

102.

7964

.97

79.5

111

7.89

20406080100

120

140

USD

/ B

arre

l

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Lab

uan

Cru

de

Sou

rce:

PE

TRO

NA

S


Figu

re 1

2:

Ex-

Sin

gapo

re P

rice

s of

Maj

or P

etro

leum

Pro

duct

s

28.0

833

.25

47.6

967

.99

80.7

211

0.50

53.9

087

.25

104.

3012

1.64

24.9

330

.14

40.8

251

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61.1

393

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29.9

080

.72

95.9

199

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Ker

ose

ne

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htha

Pet

rol (

ULG

95)

28.0

434

.69

47.2

362

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73.2

010

4.05

39.2

586

.55

103.

1511

7.00

27.5

532

.46

45.9

264

.35

76.9

310

3.74

39.3

286

.60

103.

1711

7.00

23.6

325

.72

34.2

728

.32

28.3

223

.75

32.6

427

.43

32.4

827

.32

25.8

221

.78

28.1

540

.32

48.8

474

.60

31.4

075

.30

78.4

010

4.10

-

20.0

0

40.0

0

60.0

0

80.0

0

100.

00

120.

00

140.

00

USD

/ B

arre

l

2002

2000

2001

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Die

sel

Fuel

Oil

Sou

rce:

Ene

rgy

Com

mis

sion


Figu

re 1

3:

Ann

ual L

ique

fied

Pet

role

um G

as (

LPG

) C

ontr

act

Pri

ces

– A

rab

Gul

f

1990

Pro

pan

e15

518

616

714

012

917

820

421

012

619

129

926

924

428

834

843

051

085

834

072

070

577

0

156

182

179

147

140

183

207

222

134

190

299

239

238

278

355

442

514

887

335

730

680

820

300

200

100 -

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,00

0

USD

/ M

etri

c To

nne 19

9119

9219

9319

9419

9519

9619

9719

9819

9920

0020

0120

0220

0320

0420

0520

0620

0720

0820

0920

1020

11

But

ane

Not

e:

His

tori

cal p

rice

s ha

ve b

een

revi

sed

as p

er r

evis

ion

by P

latt

s

Sou

rce:

Pla

tts


0.65

1.18

DIE

SEL

LPG

1-Ja

n-94

RO

N 9

71.

10 -

1.06

0.70

1.18

1.20 -

1.06

0.80

1.28

1-Oc

t-00

1.30 -

1.16

0.70

1.28

20-O

ct-0

1

1.30 -

1.26

0.72

1.28

5-No

v-01

1.32 -

1.26

0.74

1.29

1-M

ay-0

2

1.33 -

1.28

0.76

1.31

1-No

v-02

1.35 -

1.29

0.78

1.33

1-M

ar 0

3

1.37 -

1.31

0.83

1.35

1-M

ay-0

4

1.42 -

1.33

0.88

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t-04

1.42 -

1.38

1.08

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1-M

ar-0

55-

May

-05

1.52 -

1.38

1.28

1.40

1-Ju

l-05

1.62 -

1.48

1.58

1.45

3-Fe

b-06

1.92 -

1.58

2.58

1.75

6-Ap

r-06

1.92 -

-

1.88

1.88

2.62

2.58

1.75

5-Ju

n-08

2.70

-

2.62

2.50

1.75

6-Ju

n-08

2.70 -

2.40

2.40

1.75

3-Au

g-08

2.55 -

2.30

2.05

1.75

5-Se

pt-0

8

2.45 -

2.20

2.20

1.75

5-Oc

t-08

2.30 -

2.05

2.05

1.75

1-No

v-08

2.15 -

1.90

1.90

1.75

8-No

v-08

2.00 -

1.80

1.80

1.75

8-De

c-08

1.90 -

1.70

1.70

1.75

5-De

c-08

1.80 -

1.70

1.75

2-M

ay-0

9

1.80 -

1.70

1.75

1-Se

p-09

1.80

1.75

1.70

1.75

1.75

6-Ju

l-10

2.10

1.75

1.70

1.75

1.85

1-No

v-10

2.15

1.85 -

1.75

1.85

1-De

c-10

2.30

1.85 -

1.75

1.85

4-De

c-10

2.30

1.85 -

1.80

1.85

Oct-

11

1.90 -

2.80

-

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

RM

/ L

itre

RO

N 9

5

RO

N 9

2

Figu

re 1

4:

Ret

ail F

uel P

rice

s in

Mal

aysi

a

Sou

rce:

Min

istr

y of

Dom

esti

c Tr

ade,

Co-

Ope

rati

ves

and

Con

sum

eris

m


11.3

211

.32

11.3

211

.32

11.3

211

.32

16.5

516

.77

15.3

517

.10

Gas

Pri

ce t

o S

ing

apo

re15

.30

17.7

418

.92

26.7

631

.77

34.1

044

.41

34.5

840

.42

52.4

7

6.40

6.40

6.40

6.40

6.40

6.40

10.3

611

.30

10.7

012

.45

13.4

09.

40

11.3

211

.32

16.7

214

.10

6.40

6.40

16.7

214

.10

9.40

9.40

9.40

9.40

12.9

812

.21

11.0

512

.80

-

10.0

0

20.0

0

30.0

0

40.0

0

50.0

0

60.0

0

RM

/ m

mb

tu

2002

2000

2001

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Gas

Pri

ce t

o P

ow

er S

ecto

r

Gas

Pri

ce t

o N

on-

Po

wer

Sect

or

- G

MSB

Gas

Pri

ce t

o N

on-

Po

wer

Sect

or

- P

GB

Figu

re 1

5:

Aver

age

Ann

ual N

atur

al G

as P

rice

in M

alay

sia

Sou

rce:

Ene

rgy

Com

mis

sion


Figu

re 1

6:

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Dem

and

per

Cap

ita

in A

SE

AN

0.28

50.

286

0.24

30.

243

0.32

30.

429

0.48

80.

524

0.55

8V

ietn

am

0.51

90.

636

0.88

81.

670

2.36

83.

865

3.91

73.

994

4.65

1

0.25

20.

271

0.32

00.

506

0.79

91.

046

1.07

81.

133

1.22

4

Sing

apo

re

Thai

land

0.26

70.

254

0.25

40.

239

0.25

50.

280

0.26

30.

265

0.26

9

0.34

70.

368

0.35

10.

321

0.31

10.

268

0.24

90.

250

0.25

5

Mya

nmar

Phi

lipp

ines

1971

Bru

nei

1.00

01.

000

1.05

01.

167

1.93

31.

675

4.02

54.

125

4.25

0

0.26

40.

267

0.32

90.

433

0.56

40.

591

0.59

90.

617

0.65

2

0.41

60.

397

0.52

80.

766

1.26

41.

441

1.61

21.

531

1.52

6

0.0

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

Mto

e /

Mill

ion

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010

Ind

one

sia

Mal

aysi

a

Sou

rce:

Ene

rgy

Bal

ance

s of

Non

-OE

CD

Cou

ntri

es,

20

12

Edi

tion

, In

tern

atio

nal E

nerg

y A

genc

y (I

EA

)


1.30

11.

498

1.27

80.

905

0.68

10.

668

0.62

90.

648

0.65

3V

ietn

am

0.09

90.

101

0.09

20.

102

0.09

70.

135

0.12

70.

136

0.14

1

0.42

40.

419

0.36

30.

325

0.36

70.

396

0.36

90.

399

0.40

3

Sing

apo

re

Thai

land

3.72

93.

667

2.88

32.

848

1.75

31.

082

0.79

10.

762

0.74

0

0.40

60.

396

0.31

50.

319

0.29

20.

222

0.18

60.

188

0.18

2

Mya

nmar

Phi

lipp

ines

1971

Bru

nei

0.02

40.

021

0.02

50.

051

0.06

70.

070

0.16

50.

172

0.17

0

0.79

00.

710

0.61

40.

532

0.53

10.

470

0.41

40.

412

0.41

5

0.30

40.

248

0.23

60.

253

0.27

00.

273

0.27

20.

267

0.25

2

0.0

1.0

0.5

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Mto

e /

Bill

ion

USD

200

5

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010

Ind

one

sia

Mal

aysi

a

Sou

rce:

Ene

rgy

Bal

ance

s of

Non

-OE

CD

Cou

ntri

es,

20

12

Edi

tion

, In

tern

atio

nal E

nerg

y A

genc

y (I

EA

)

Figu

re 1

7:

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Inte

nsit

y in

AS

EA

N


OilTable 3 : Production and Reserves of Oil as of 1st January 2011Table 4 : Refinery Licensed CapacityTable 5 : Breakdown on Sales of Petroleum Products in Thousand BarrelsFigure 18 : Net Export of Crude OilFigure 19 : Import and Export of Petroleum ProductsFigure 20 : Production of Petroleum Products from RefineriesFigure 21 : Final Consumption of Petroleum Products

32

3233

343536

37


Table 3: Production and Reserves of Oil as of 1st January 2011

Table 4: Refinery Licensed Capacity

Oil

RegionReserves in billion barrels Production in thousand barrels per day

Crude Oil Condensates Total Crude Oil Condensates Total

PeninsularMalaysia

2.048 0.326 2.374 207.7 35.8 243.5

Sabah 1.874 0.118 1.992 134.0 0.0 134.0

Sarawak 1.007 0.485 1.492 119.3 73.0 192.3

Total 4.929 0.929 5.858 461.0 108.8 569.8

Location Startup date Thousand barrels/day

SHELL Refining Co. (FOM) BhdPort Dickson,

Negeri Sembilan1963 155

ESSO Malaysia BhdPort Dickson,

Negeri Sembilan1960 88

PETRONAS Kertih, Terengganu* 1983 49

PETRONAS Melaka 1994 100

Malaysia Refining Company Sdn Bhd (PETRONAS / ConocoPhillips)

Melaka 1998 100

Total 492

Source:PETRONAS

Source:ESSO, PETRONAS & SHELL

Note (*): Excludes condensate splitter of 74,300 bpd


Petroleum Products PeninsularMalaysia Sabah Sarawak Total

Petrol 71,469 4,438 4,974 80,881

Diesel 44,704 8,293 11,336 64,333

Fuel Oil 2,268 484 0 2,752

Kerosene 157 11 8 175

LPG 20,635 1,309 1,320 23,264

ATF & AV GAS 18,946 396 215 19,557

Non-Energy 13,753 438 671 14,862

Total 171,932 15,370 18,523 205,824

Source:Oil companies

Table 5: Breakdown on Sales of Petroleum Products in Thousand Barrels


1990

Net

Exp

ort

of

Cru

de

Oil

21,9

0222

,200

22,2

1520

,063

18,1

6018

,518

16,8

5916

,022

16,6

2616

,274

10,0

369,

128

11,0

1710

,826

11,2

9210

,963

9,21

46,

804

6,48

26,

517

9,36

52,

300

-

5,00

0

10,0

00

15,0

00

20,0

00

25,0

00

kto

e

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Sou

rce:

Dep

artm

ent

of S

tati

stic

s M

alay

sia

and

oil c

ompa

nies

Figu

re 1

8:

Net

Exp

ort

of C

rude

Oil


1990

Imp

ort

of

Pet

role

um P

rod

ucts

6,03

16,

728

6,49

97,

835

7,49

27,

411

7,09

510

,331

9,36

08,

357

6,61

96,

881

7,22

07,

116

8,98

07,

971

7,73

48,

452

7,37

67,

243

10,3

5911

,580

3,91

33,

272

2,51

33,

507

5,09

47,

261

7,31

77,

840

7,19

47,

161

8,53

38,

900

8,15

88,

972

8,91

28,

435

9,53

59,

780

9,52

78,

419

8,43

19,

421

2,00

0

4,00

0

6,00

0

8,00

0

10,0

00

12,0

00

14,0

00

kto

e

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Exp

ort

of

Pet

role

um P

rod

ucts

Figu

re 1

9:

Impo

rt a

nd E

xpor

t of

Pet

role

um P

rodu

cts

Sou

rce:

Dep

artm

ent

of S

tati

stic

s M

alay

sia

and

oil c

ompa

nies


Figu

re 2

0:

Pro

duct

ion

of P

etro

leum

Pro

duct

s fr

om R

efine

ries

1,40

61,

665

1,72

41,

816

2,31

62,

320

3,13

42,

491

2,54

53,

056

3,89

34,

623

4,46

04,

584

4,72

44,

245

4,60

75,

285

5,06

64,

052

3,87

33,

599

Pet

rol

3,24

12,

633

2,11

02,

375

2,88

72,

212

3,69

62,

716

3,23

32,

603

2,53

22,

269

2,33

21,

763

1,81

31,

777

1,93

31,

990

1,99

41,

144

327

571

3,49

63,

805

4,04

84,

249

5,10

86,

011

6,17

46,

744

5,92

66,

712

8,05

98,

462

8,40

19,

062

9,61

19,

161

8,75

29,

033

9,36

49,

415

8,36

98,

925

Fuel

Oil

Die

sel

512

544

541

576

563

360

292

265

285

210

239

283

414

983

591

521

537

234

245

565

483

419

LPG

kto

e

376

403

412

517

980

1,58

71,

899

2,00

01,

985

2,14

02,

660

2,95

42,

570

2,36

72,

693

2,55

32,

938

3,13

83,

139

3,08

52,

891

3,45

7K

ero

sene

1990

Refi

nery

Gas

158

174

143

106

162

385

331

203

192

230

241

311

294

262

215

202

849

938

991

195

210

1,65

9

585

798

324

600

1,46

83,

380

2,55

41,

783

2,11

72,

159

2,49

23,

020

2,12

72,

632

2,45

52,

157

2,75

03,

461

4,47

55,

905

209

4,57

2

640

567

200

244

319

431

371

371

449

617

838

875

897

932

897

822

1,11

81,

228

1,20

873

269

766

5

5,00

0 0

10,0

00

15,0

00

20,0

00

25,0

00

30,0

00

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

No

n-E

nerg

y

ATF

& A

V G

AS

Sou

rce:

Oil

com

pani

es


Figure 21: Final Consumption of Petroleum Products

Non-Energy

4.9 %ATF & AV GAS

10.7 %

Petrol

34.1 %

Kerosene

0.1 %

LPG

12.1 %

Fuel Oil

1.7 %

Diesel

36.4 %

Total : 23,922 ktoe

Source:Oil companies



Natural GasTable 6 : Reserves and Production of Natural Gas

as of 1st January 2011

Table 7 : Consumption of Natural Gas in mmscf

Figure 22 : Import and Export of Natural Gas and LNG

Figure 23 : Natural Gas Consumption by Sectors

Figure 24 : Conversion in Gas Plants

40

40

41

42

43


Table 6: Reserves and Production of Natural Gas as of 1st January 2011

Natural Gas

Region

Reserves Production

Trillion standard cubic feet (Tscf) Million standardcubic feet per day

(mmscfd)Associated Non-Associated Total

Peninsular Malaysia 9.797 25.337 35.134 2,385.73

Sabah 3.327 8.638 11.965 433.61

Sarawak 3.033 39.856 42.889 4,479.49*

Total 16.157 73.831 89.988 7,298.84

Notes (*): Refers to the amount of gas produced/generated from associated fields1 cubic feet = 0.028317 cubic metreAssociated Gas: Natural gas produced in association with oilNon-Associated Gas: Natural gas produced from a gas reservoir not associated with oil

Source:PETRONAS

Sectors PeninsularMalaysia Sabah Sarawak Malaysia

Residential 17 - 229 246

Commercial 884 - 306 1,190

Industry 156,333 6,984 653 163,970

Non-Energy 69,220 38,916 40,830 148,966

Transport 10,371 - - 10,371

Power Stations 405,229 29,308 35,824 470,361

Total 642,054 75,208 77,842 795,104

Source:Power utilities, IPPs, PETRONAS and gas distribution companies

Table 7: Consumption of Natural Gas in mmscf


Figu

re 2

2:

Impo

rt a

nd E

xpor

t of

Nat

ural

Gas

and

LN

G

1990

Exp

ort

LN

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00

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00

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e

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Imp

ort

Nat

ural

Gas

Exp

ort

Nat

ural

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Sou

rce:

Dep

artm

ent

of S

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stic

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Figu

re 2

3:

Nat

ural

Gas

Con

sum

ptio

n by

Sec

tors

44

44

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ies,

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ener

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Figu

re 2

4:

Con

vers

ion

in G

as P

lant

s

kto

e

1990

GP

P -

LP

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252

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900

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00

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00

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00

25,0

00

30,0

00

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0

10,0

00 0

45,0

00

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

MD

S

LNG

Not

e:M

DS

com

men

ced

pre-

com

mer

cial

izat

ion

oper

atio

n in

yea

r 2

00

0

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rce:

Oil

and

gas

com

pani

es



CoalTable 8 : Production and Reserves of Coal as of

31st December 2011

Table 9 : Consumption of Coal in metric tonnes

Figure 25 : Net Import of Coal

Figure 26 : Coal Consumption by Sectors

46

46

47

48


Coal

LocationReserves (Million Tonnes)

Coal TypeProduction

Measured Indicated Inferred (metric tonnes)

Sarawak

1. Abok & Silantek, Sri Aman

7.25 10.60 32.40Coking Coal, Semi-Anthracite and Anthracite

183,556

2. Merit-Pila, Kapit 170.26 107.02 107.84 Sub-Bituminous 405,658

3. Mukah - Balingian 86.95 170.73 646.53Lignite, Hydrous Lignite and Sub-Bituminous

2,326,575

4. Bintulu 6.00 0.00 14.00Bituminous(partly coking coal)

5. Tutoh Area 5.58 34.66 162.33 Sub-Bituminous

Subtotal 276.04 323.01 963.10 2,915,789

Sabah

1. Salimpopon 4.80 14.09 7.70 Sub-Bituminous

2. Labuan 8.90 Sub-Bituminous

3. Maliau 215.00 Bituminous

4. Malibau 17.90 25.00 Bituminous

5. SW Malibau 23.23 Bituminous

6. Pinangan West Middle Block

42.60 Bituminous

Subtotal 4.80 55.22 299.20

Selangor

1. Batu Arang 17.00 Sub-Bituminous

Subtotal 0.00 0.00 17.00

Total 280.84 378.23 1,279.30

Grand Total 1,938.37 2,915,789

Source:Department of Mineral and Geosciences Malaysia

Source:Power Utilities, IPPs, cement, iron and steel manufacturers

Table 8: Production and Reserves of Coal as of 31st December 2011

Table 9: Consumption of Coal in metric tonnes

Sectors Peninsular Malaysia Sabah Sarawak Malaysia

Industry 2,657,398 - 105,982 2,763,380

Power Stations 18,421,481 - 2,220,883 20,642,364

Total 21,078,879 0 2,326,865 23,405,744


1990

Net

Imp

ort

Co

al1,

396

1,34

11,

425

1,08

81,

311

1,53

81,

923

1,43

71,

522

1,31

31,

924

2,63

13,

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5,23

27,

413

6,56

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8,35

79,

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,011

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-

2,00

0

10,0

00

8,00

0

6,00

0

4,00

0

12,0

00

14,0

00

kto

e

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Figu

re 2

5:

Net

Im

port

of

Coa

l

Sou

rce:

Dep

artm

ent

of S

tati

stic

s M

alay

sia,

Pow

er U

tilit

ies,

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cem

ent,

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and

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el m

anuf

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rers


Figu

re 2

6:

Coa

l Con

sum

ptio

n by

Sec

tors

1990

Po

wer

Sta

tio

ns81

396

396

888

492

595

795

088

296

41,

332

1,49

51,

994

2,55

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0

2,00

0 -

6,00

0

8,00

0

10,0

00

12,0

00

14,0

00

kto

e

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Ind

ustr

y

Sou

rce:

Pow

er U

tilit

ies,

IP

Ps,

cem

ent,

iron

and

ste

el m

anuf

actu

rers


Electricity Table 10 : Installed Capacity as of 31st December 2011

in MW

Figure 27 : Installed Capacity as of 31st December 2011

Table 11 : Available Capacity as of 31st December 2011

in MW

Figure 28 : Available Capacity as of 31st December 2011

Table 12 : Installed Capacity of Major Hydro Power Stations

Table 13 : Installed Capacity of Mini Hydro Power Stations

Table 14 : Transmission Network in Circuit – kilometers

Table 15 : Distribution Network in Circuit – kilometers

Table 16 : Breakdown on Electricity (Gross Generation,

Consumption, Installed Capacity, Peak Demand

and Reserve Margin) for Malaysia

Figure 29 : Energy Input in Power Stations

Table 17 : Electricity Consumption by Sectors in GWh

Figure 30 : Electricity Consumption by Sectors in 2011

Figure 31 : Electricity Consumption by Sectors


Renewable Energy by Public Licensee by Region

in 2011


Renewable Energy by Private Licensee by

Region in 2011

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

56

56

57

57

58

59

60

61


Electricity

Table 10: Installed Capacity as of 31st December 2011 in MW

Hydro Natural Gas Coal Fuel Oil Diesel Biomass Others Total

Peninsular Malaysia

TNB 1,911 5,075 - - 68 - - 7,054

IPPs 20 7,469 7,200 600 - - - 15,289

Co-Generation - 783 - 35 7 105 13 943

Self-Generation - 31 - - 516 387 - 933

SREP 6 - - - - 9 8 23

Subtotal 1,937 13,358 7,200 635 591 500 21 24,242

Sabah

SESB 70 107 - - 259 - - 435

IPPs - 480 - 175 - - - 655

Co-Generation - 42 - - 50 79 - 171

Self-Generation - 6 - - 499 129 - 634

SREP 7 - - - - 30 - 37

Subtotal 77 634 - 175 808 238 - 1,932

Sarawak

SEB 101 675 480 - 102 - - 1,358

IPPs 900 - - - - - - 900

Co-Generation - 289 - - - - 1 290

Self-Generation - - - - 12 14 - 26

Subtotal 1,001 964 480 - 114 14 1 2,574

Grand Total 3,015 14,956 7,680 810 1,513 752 22 28,749

Source:Power Utilities and IPPs


Biomass2.6 %

Coal26.7 %

Natural Gas52.0 %

Hydro10.5 %

Others0.1 %

Diesel5.3 %

Fuel Oil2.8 %

Total : 28,749 MW

Figure 27: Installed Capacity as of 31st December 2011



Table 11: Available Capacity as of 31st December 2011 in MW


Hydro Natural Gas Coal Fuel Oil Diesel Biomass Total

Peninsular Malaysia

TNB 1,882 4,671 - - 62 - 6,615

IPPs 20 6,977 7,051 560 - - 14,608

Subtotal 1,902 11,648 7,051 560 62 - 21,223

Sabah

SESB 70 107 - - 259 - 435

IPPs 7 480 - 175 - 26 688

Subtotal 77 587 - 175 259 26 1,123

Sarawak

SEB 96 571 470 88 50 - 1,275

IPPs 750 - - - - - 750

Subtotal 846 571 470 88 50 - 2,025

Grand Total 2,825 12,806 7,521 823 371 26 24,371


Figure 28: Available Capacity as of 31st December 2011

Biomass0.1 %

Coal30.9 %

Natural Gas52.5 %

Hydro11.6 %

Fuel Oil3.4 %

Diesel1.5 %

Total : 24,371 MW



Table 12: Installed Capacity of Major Hydro Power Stations

Power Station Installed Capacity (MW) Total (MW)

Peninsular Malaysia

Terengganu

1. Stesen Janakuasa Sultan Mahmud Kenyir 4 x 100.0 400.0

Perak

1. Stesen Janakuasa Temenggor 4 x 87.0 348.0

2. Stesen Janakuasa Bersia 3 x 24.0 72.0

3. Stesen Janakuasa Kenering 3 x 40.0 120.0

4. Chenderoh 3 x 10.7 + 1 x 8.4 40.5

5. Sg. Piah Hulu 2 x 7.3 14.6

6. Sg. Piah Hilir 2 x 27.0 54.0

Pahang

1. Stesen Janakuasa Sultan Yussuf, Jor 4 x 25.0 100.0

2. Stesen Janakuasa Sultan Idris II, Woh 3 x 50.0 150.0

3. Cameron Highland Scheme* 11.9

Kelantan

1. Pergau 4 x 150.0 600.0

2. Kenerong Upper 2 x 6.0 12.0

3. Kenerong Lower 2 x 4.0 8.0

Subtotal 1,931.0

Sabah

1. Tenom Pangi 3 x 22.0 66.0

Subtotal 66.0

Sarawak

1. Batang Ai 4 x 23.5 94.0

2. Bakun 750.0

Subtotal 844.0

Total 2,841.0

Source:TNB, SESB and SEB

Note (*):Cameron Highland Scheme includes Odak, Habu, Kg. Raja, Kg. Terla and Robinson Falls stations


Power Station Total (MW)

Peninsular Malaysia

Kedah

1. Sg. Tawar Besar 0.540

2. Sg. Mempelam 0.397

3. Sg. Mahang 0.483

Perak

1. Sg. Tebing Tinggi 0.178

2. Sg. Asap 0.110

3. Sg. Kinjang 0.349

4. Sg. Bil 0.258

Pahang

1. Sg. Sempam G2 0.450

2. Sg. Pertang 0.492

3. Sg. Perdak 0.364

Kelantan

1. Sg. Renyok G1 0.800

2. Sg. Renyok G2 0.800

3. Sg. Sok 0.588

4. Sg. Rek 0.270

Terengganu

1. Sg. Brang 0.422

Subtotal 6.501

Sabah

1. Carabau (Ranau) 2.000

2. Melangkap (Kota Belud) 1.000

3. Sayap (Kota Belud) 1.000

4. Bombalai (Tawau) 1.100

5. Merotai (Tawau) 1.100

6. Kiau (Kota Belud) 0.375

7. Naradau (Ranau) 1.760

Subtotal 8.335

Sarawak

1. Sg. Pasir 0.760

2. Penindin 0.352

3. Sebako 0.333

4. Lundu 0.352

5. Kalamuku 1 0.500

6. Kalamuku 2 0.500

7. Sg. Keijin 0.500

8. Sg. Kota 1 2.000

9. Sg. Kota 2 2.000

Subtotal 7.297

Total 22.133


Table 13: Installed Capacity of Mini Hydro Power Stations


Table 14: Transmission Network in Circuit – kilometers

Table 15: Distribution Network in Circuit – kilometers

Table 16: Breakdown on Electricity (Gross Generation, Consumption, Available Capacity, Peak Demand and Reserve Margin)for Malaysia

Utility 500 KV 275 KV 132 KV 66 KV

TNB 1,094 8,431 11,672 -

SESB - 492 1,780 123

SEB - 867 235 -

Utility Overhead Lines Underground Cables

TNB 477,191 379,661

SESB 7,761 1,317

SEB 20,254 6,450

RegionElectricity Gross

GenerationElectricity

ConsumptionAvailable

Capacity**Peak

DemandReserve Margin

GWh % GWh % MW MW %

Peninsular Malaysia 110,654 89.6 97,939 91.3 21,223 15,476 37.13

Sabah* 4,956 4.0 4,275 4.0 1,123 830 35.31

Sarawak 7,950 6.4 5,116 4.8 2,025 1,214 66.80

Total 123,561 100.0 107,330 100.0 24,371



Source: TNB, SESB, SEB and IPPs

Note (*) : Most diesel units in SESB are aged sets hence they are derated due to thermal limitations. However, during operational state, some generating units are not available due to maintenance outages as well as random breakdowns; the actual operation capacity available to system operation for dispatch was very limited. (**) : Available Capacity for Peninsular Malaysia was based on Tested Annual Available Capacity (TAAC), Available Capacity for Sabah was based on Dependable Capacity.


Figure 29: Energy Input in Power Stations

Natural Gas39.3 %

Hydropower6.6 %

Coal46.6 %

Fuel Oil4.0 %

Diesel3.5 %

Table 17: Electricity Consumption by Sectors in GWh

RegionIndustry Commercial Residential Transport Agriculture Total

GWh % GWh % GWh % GWh % GWh % GWh

Peninsular Malaysia

44,092 93.8 33,272 90.3 20,055 87.5 214 100.0 305.8 100.0 97,939

Sabah 1,146 2.4 1,742 4.7 1,387 6.0 - - -

- 4,275

Sarawak 1,779 3.8 1,846 5.0 1,490 6.5 - - -

- 5,116

Total 47,017 100.0 36,860 100.0 22,933 100.0 214 100.0 306 100.0 107,330

Source: Power utilities, IPPs and Self-Generators

Total : 27,924 ktoe

Note:Figures exclude fuel consumption for self-generation plants

Source:Power utilities and IPPs


Figure 30: Electricity Consumption by Sectors in 2011

Industry43.8 %

Residential21.4 %

Transport0.2 %

Agriculture0.3 %

Commercial34.3 %

Total : 107,330 GWh

Source:Power utilities, IPPs, Self-Generators and Land Public Transport Commission (SPAD)


Figu

re 3

1:

Ele

ctri

city

Con

sum

ptio

n by

Sec

tors

Tran

spo

rt*

(to

e)-

--

--

--

1,00

01,

000

4,00

04,

000

3,00

04,

000

5,00

05,

000

5,00

014

,117

15,2

9514

,862

11,3

5818

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18,4

28

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

4,88

615

,991

19,3

9321

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23,9

2026

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Ag

ricu

ltur

e**(

toe)

1990

Res

iden

tial

& C

om

mer

cial

885

988

1,08

11,

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1,36

51,

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71,

961

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660

2,85

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4,26

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3,47

53,

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3,68

73,

719

3,99

44,

045

5,00

0

10,0

00

15,0

00

20,0

00

25,0

00

30,0

00

1,00

0

2,00

0

3,00

0

4,00

0

5,00

0

6,00

0

kto

eto

e

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Ind

ustr

ial

Sou

rce:

TNB

, S

EB

, S

ES

B,

Co-

Gen

erat

ors

and

Land

Pub

lic T

rans

port

Com

mis

sion

(S

PAD

)

Not

e (*

) :

Dat

a fo

r ye

ar 2

00

6 t

o 2

00

9 w

ere

colle

cted

dir

ectl

y fr

om t

rain

ope

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rs

(**)

: E

ffec

tive

fro

m 1

st J

une

20

06

, TN

B h

as in

trod

uced

Spe

cific

Agr

icul

ture

Tar

iff;

prev

ious

ly A

gric

ultu

re w

as u

nder

the

Com

mer

cial

Tar

iff


Table 18: Electricity Generation and Installed Capacity of Renewable Energy by Public Licensee by Region in 2011

Region Type of Prime Mover Installed Capacity (MW) Unit Generated (MWh)

Peninsular Malaysia

Land Fill Gas 2.00 5,613

Mini Hydro 45.98 38,780

Solar 0.80 666

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) 2.00 2,030

Subtotal 48.78 47,089

Sabah

Palm Shell & Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) 35.20 165,425

Wood Waste 10.00 4

Mini Hydro 17.34 47,841

Palm Oil Waste 14.00 69,483

Subtotal 76.54 282,753

Sarawak

Mini Hydro 6.00 7,021

Solar 0.02 15

Subtotal 6.02 7,036

Grand Total 131.3 336,879

Source:Energy Commission, TNB, SESB, SEB and Ministry of Public Utilities Sarawak


Table 19: Electricity Generation and Installed Capacity of Renewable Energy by Private Licensee by Region in 2011

Region Type of Prime Mover Installed Capacity (MW) Unit Generated (MWh)

Peninsular Malaysia

Agricultural Waste 100.32 49,367

Industrial Waste Heat 9.45 29,055

Subtotal 109.77 78,422

Sabah

Agricultural Waste 6.50 12,008

Wood Waste 57.00 254,856

Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) 7.50 12,618

Subtotal 71.00 279,482

Sarawak

Palm Oil Waste 7.40 12,533

Wood / Sawmill Dust 11.00 40,385

Mini Hydro 5.50 10,211

Subtotal 23.90 63,129

Grand Total 204.67 421,033

Source:Energy Commission, TNB, SESB, SEB and Ministry of Public Utilities Sarawak



Table 29 : Energy Balance Table in 2011

(kilo tonnes of oil equivalent)

Table 30 : Energy Balance Table in First Quarter (1Q)


Table 31 : Energy Balance Table in Second Quarter


Table 32 : Energy Balance Table in Third Quarter (3Q)


Table 33 : Energy Balance Table in Fourth Quarter


Table 20 : Primary Energy Supply in ktoe

Table 21 : Net Import and Export of Energy in ktoe

Table 22 : Conversion in Gas Plants in ktoe

Table 23 : Conversion in Refineries in ktoe

Table 24 : Conversion in Power Stations

(excluding co-generation & private licensed plants)

in ktoe

Table 25 : Final Energy Consumption by Sectors in ktoe

Table 26 : Final Energy Consumption by Type of Fuels in ktoe

Table 27 : Final Consumption for Petroleum Products in ktoe

Table 28 : Selected Energy and Economic Indicators

(1990-2011)

73

74

75

76

77

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

Key Energy Statistics

64 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011Ta

ble

20

: P

rim

ary

Ene

rgy

Sup

ply

in k

toe

Year

Cru

de O

ilP

etro

leum

P

rodu

cts

&

Oth

ers

Nat

ural

G

asC

oal &

C

oke

Hyd

ropo

wer

Tota

lA

nnua

l G

row

th

Rat

e (%

)

Sha

re (

%)

Cru

de O

il,

Pet

role

um

Pro

duct

s &

O

ther

s

Nat

ural

G

asC

oal &

C

oke

Hyd

ropo

wer

19

90

8,7

83

3

,64

6

6,8

01

1

,32

6

91

5

21

,47

1

8.9

5

7.9

3

1.7

6

.2

4.3

19

91

9,4

43

4

,16

3

10

,11

2

1,5

64

1

,05

3

26

,33

5

22

.7

51

.7

38

.4

5.9

4

.0

19

92

10

,17

5

5,0

98

1

1,3

81

1

,64

0

99

7

29

,29

1

11

.2

52

.1

38

.9

5.6

3

.4

19

93

10

,13

5

5,8

16

1

1,3

60

1

,35

2

1,2

62

2

9,9

25

2

.2

53

.3

38

.0

4.5

4

.2

19

94

13

,60

5

2,4

50

1

2,3

92

1

,56

3

1,6

52

3

1,6

62

5

.8

50

.7

39

.1

4.9

5

.2

19

95

16

,15

9

60

8

13

,96

0

1,6

12

1

,54

0

33

,87

9

7.0

4

9.5

4

1.2

4

.8

4.5

19

96

18

,25

5

1,0

98

1

5,5

67

1

,67

7

1,2

43

3

7,8

40

1

1.7

5

1.1

4

1.1

4

.4

3.3

19

97

17

,91

7

3,8

03

1

9,0

41

1

,62

2

79

0

43

,17

3

14

.1

50

.3

44

.1

3.8

1

.8

19

98

17

,13

2

1,9

19

1

9,1

01

1

,73

1

1,1

13

4

0,9

96

(5

.0)

46

.5

46

.6

4.2

2

.7

19

99

17

,64

3

1,8

07

2

1,4

76

1

,94

0

1,6

68

4

4,5

34

8

.6

43

.7

48

.2

4.4

3

.7

20

00

21

,67

3

(1,4

31

)2

6,3

70

2

,48

6

1,6

12

5

0,7

10

1

3.9

3

9.9

5

2.0

4

.9

3.2

20

01

23

,59

0

(1,9

17

)2

5,6

49

2

,97

0

1,6

87

5

1,9

79

2

.5

41

.7

49

.3

5.7

3

.2

20

02

22

,64

7

(52

3)

26

,10

1

3,6

42

1

,32

9

53

,19

6

2.3

4

1.6

4

9.1

6

.8

2.5

20

03

25

,34

4

(1,4

08

)2

7,2

57

5

,31

6

1,0

56

5

7,5

65

8

.2

41

.6

47

.3

9.2

1

.8

20

04

25

,33

5

(82

)2

9,1

45

7

,10

9

1,3

29

6

2,8

36

9

.2

40

.2

46

.4

11

.3

2.1

20

05

24

,33

9

(24

3)

33

,91

3

6,8

89

1

,31

3

66

,21

1

5.4

3

6.4

5

1.2

1

0.4

2

.0

20

06

24

,90

9

(1,6

73

)3

5,7

76

7

,29

9

1,5

68

6

7,8

79

2

.5

34

.2

52

.7

10

.8

2.3

20

07

26

,57

1

(1,1

90

)3

6,6

39

8

,84

8

1,5

17

7

2,3

85

6

.6

35

.1

50

.6

12

.2

2.1

20

08

26

,77

6

(2,3

23

)3

9,2

89

9

,78

2

1,9

64

7

5,4

88

4

.3

32

.4

52

.0

13

.0

2.6

20

09

26

,38

6

96

3

5,8

51

1

0,6

23

1

,62

7

74

,58

3

(1.2

)3

5.5

4

8.1

1

4.2

2

.2

20

10

22

,48

7

2,5

21

3

5,4

47

1

4,7

77

1

,57

7

76

,80

9

3.0

3

2.6

4

6.1

1

9.2

2

.1

20

11

24

,67

9

2,2

48

3

5,7

40

1

4,7

72

1

,85

0

79

,28

9

3.2

3

4.0

4

5.1

1

8.6

2

.3


Table 21: Net Import and Export of Energy in ktoe

Year Net Export of Crude Oil

Net Export of LNG

Net Export of Natural Gas

Net Export of Electricity

Net Import of Petroleum

Products

Net Import of Coal and Coke

1990 21,902 8,686 - 5 2,618 1,396

1991 22,200 8,278 - 2 3,456 1,341

1992 22,215 8,262 1 2 3,986 1,425

1993 20,063 8,654 1,258 (2) 4,328 1,088

1994 18,160 8,928 1,589 (4) 2,398 1,311

1995 18,518 10,790 1,474 2 150 1,538

1996 16,859 15,251 1,474 1 778 1,923

1997 16,022 16,396 1,340 (1) 2,491 1,437

1998 16,626 16,429 1,444 (1) 2,164 1,522

1999 16,274 15,445 1,177 - 1,196 1,313

2000 10,036 16,633 1,198 - (1,914) 1,924

2001 9,128 16,636 1,163 - (2,019) 2,631

2002 11,017 17,803 1,098 3 (936) 3,405

2003 10,826 18,965 (99) 17 (1,856) 5,232

2004 11,292 22,944 144 45 68 7,413

2005 10,963 22,299 (206) 192 (474) 6,568

2006 9,342 22,873 (2,404) 200 (1,798) 7,917

2007 7,509 23,777 (4,140) 195 (1,329) 8,152

2008 6,482 22,277 (3,041) 41 (1,609) 9,519

2009 6,517 23,606 (3,889) 8 (1,177) 9,007

2010 9,365 26,857 (4,183) (32) 1,930 13,011

2011 2,300 26,856 (5,832) (31) 2,159 13,189


Table 22: Conversion in Gas Plants in ktoe

YearInput Output

Natural Gas LNG GPP - LPG MDS

1990 9,797 9,797 n.a n.a

1991 11,715 8,749 n.a n.a

1992 11,681 8,425 392 n.a

1993 13,005 9,019 529 39

1994 14,634 9,087 948 238

1995 17,088 11,244 1,900 421

1996 20,822 15,251 1,212 344

1997 24,945 16,396 1,258 389

1998 23,138 16,688 1,526 n.a

1999 24,116 16,417 1,472 n.a

2000 26,093 17,231 1,482 164

2001 25,703 16,636 1,310 513

2002 25,571 17,803 1,504 445

2003 27,940 18,965 790 443

2004 33,176 22,944 1,225 1,271

2005 36,447 32,837 2,043 1,567

2006 35,378 30,996 3,506 876

2007 38,141 33,054 4,288 799

2008 38,194 33,766 3,507 920

2009 37,098 32,497 991 3,610

2010 40,246 29,345 9,844 1,057

2011 40,737 35,815 4,071 851

Note:n.a means not applicableMiddle Distillate Synthesis (MDS) commenced pre-commercialization operation in year 2000 MLNG plant produced LPG in year 2003


Tabl

e 2

3:

Con

vers

ion

in R

efine

ries

in k

toe

Year

Inpu

tTo

tal

Inpu

t

Out

put

Tota

lO

utpu

tLo

cal

Cru

de O

il

Impo

rted

C

rude

Oil

&

Oth

ers

Pet

rol

Die

sel

Fuel

Oil

Ker

osen

eAT

F &

AV

GA

SLP

GN

on-

Ene

rgy

Refi

nery

G

as

19

90

7,7

36

2

,24

4

9,9

80

1

,40

6

3,4

96

3

,24

1

51

2

37

6

25

6

58

5

15

8

10

,03

0

19

91

8,1

99

2

,04

4

10

,24

3

1,6

65

3

,80

5

2,6

33

5

44

4

03

5

67

7

98

1

74

1

0,5

89

19

92

9,0

16

1

,40

9

10

,42

5

1,7

24

4

,04

8

2,1

10

5

41

4

12

2

00

3

24

1

43

9

,50

2

19

93

8,5

02

3

,19

5

11

,69

7

1,8

16

4

,24

9

2,3

75

5

76

5

17

2

44

6

00

1

06

1

0,4

83

19

94

12

,32

6

1,8

53

1

4,1

79

2

,31

6

5,1

08

2

,88

7

56

3

98

0

31

9

1,4

68

1

62

1

3,8

03

19

95

15

,99

1

96

9

16

,96

0

2,3

20

6

,01

1

2,2

12

3

60

1

,58

7

43

1

3,3

80

3

85

1

6,6

86

19

96

15

,87

9

3,5

01

1

9,3

80

3

,13

4

6,1

74

3

,69

6

29

2

1,8

99

3

71

2

,55

4

33

1

18

,45

1

19

97

16

,38

2

1,5

35

1

7,9

17

2

,49

1

6,7

44

2

,71

6

36

5

2,0

00

3

71

1

,78

3

20

3

16

,67

3

19

98

15

,94

2

1,1

90

1

7,1

32

2

,54

5

5,9

26

3

,23

3

28

5

1,9

85

4

49

2

,11

7

19

2

16

,73

2

19

99

14

,59

5

3,0

48

1

7,6

43

3

,05

6

6,7

12

2

,60

3

21

0

2,1

40

6

17

2

,15

9

23

0

17

,72

7

20

00

15

,42

1

6,2

52

2

1,6

73

3

,89

3

8,0

59

2

,53

2

23

9

2,6

60

8

38

2

,49

2

24

1

20

,95

4

20

01

13

,29

9

10

,29

0

23

,58

9

4,6

23

8

,46

2

2,2

69

2

83

2

,95

4

87

5

3,0

20

3

31

2

2,8

17

20

02

14

,83

8

8,0

32

2

2,8

70

4

,46

0

8,4

01

2

,33

2

41

4

2,5

70

8

97

2

,12

7

29

4

21

,49

5

20

03

17

,12

7

8,2

54

2

5,3

81

4

,58

4

9,0

62

1

,76

3

98

3

2,3

67

9

32

2

,62

3

26

2

22

,57

6

20

04

16

,81

0

8,5

24

2

5,3

34

4

,72

4

9,6

11

1

,81

3

59

1

2,6

93

8

97

2

,45

5

21

5

22

,99

9

20

05

18

,21

6

6,1

23

2

4,3

39

4

,24

5

9,1

61

1

,77

7

52

1

2,5

53

8

22

2

,15

7

20

2

21

,43

8

20

06

16

,79

7

8,1

12

2

4,9

09

4

,60

7

8,7

52

1

,93

3

53

7

2,9

38

1

,11

8

2,7

50

8

49

2

3,4

84

20

07

17

,32

0

9,2

51

2

6,5

71

5

,28

5

9,0

33

1

,99

0

23

4

3,1

38

1

,22

8

3,4

61

9

38

2

5,3

07

20

08

18

,63

8

8,1

38

2

6,7

76

5

,06

6

9,3

64

1

,99

4

24

5

3,1

39

1

,20

8

4,4

75

9

91

2

6,4

82

20

09

20

,68

5

5,7

01

2

6,3

86

4

,05

2

9,4

15

1

,14

4

56

5

3,0

85

7

32

5

,90

5

19

5

25

,09

3

20

10

14

,00

3

8,4

84

2

2,4

87

3

,87

4

8,3

69

3

27

4

83

2

,89

1

69

7

4,3

57

2

09

2

1,2

07

20

11

14

,87

4

9,8

06

2

4,6

79

3

,59

9

8,9

25

5

71

4

19

3

,45

7

66

5

4,5

72

1

,65

9

23

,86

7


ble

24

: C

onve

rsio

n in

Pow

er S

tati

ons

(exc

ludi

ng c

o-ge

nera

tion

& p

riva

te li

cens

ed p

lant

s) in

kto

e

Year

Inpu

t

Tota

l Inp

utA

nnua

l G

row

th

Rat

e (%

)

Inpu

t S

hare

(%

)O

utpu

t

Fuel

Oil

Die

sel

Nat

ural

G

asH

ydro

po

wer

*C

oal

Fuel

Oil

and

Die

sel

Nat

ural

Gas

Hyd

ro

pow

erC

oal

Tota

l E

lect

rici

ty

Gen

erat

ed

19

90

2,8

73

1

16

1

,36

1

91

5

81

3

6,0

78

2

1.2

4

9.2

2

2.4

1

5.1

1

3.4

1

,97

9

19

91

2,6

87

1

64

2

,53

3

1,0

53

9

63

7

,40

0

21

.8

38

.5

34

.2

14

.2

13

.0

2,2

83

19

92

2,3

52

1

60

3

,14

4

99

7

96

8

7,6

21

3

.0

33

.0

41

.3

13

.1

12

.7

2,5

21

19

93

2,3

88

8

7

4,3

74

1

,26

2

88

4

8,9

95

1

8.0

2

7.5

4

8.6

1

4.0

9

.8

2,9

87

19

94

1,9

57

2

49

5

,11

9

1,6

52

9

25

9

,90

2

10

.1

22

.3

51

.7

16

.7

9.3

3

,36

2

19

95

2,0

73

2

65

6

,41

4

1,5

40

9

57

1

1,2

49

1

3.6

2

0.8

5

7.0

1

3.7

8

.5

3,9

09

19

96

2,3

54

2

84

7

,48

9

1,2

43

9

50

1

2,3

20

9

.5

21

.4

60

.8

10

.1

7.7

4

,42

1

19

97

2,4

82

1

85

7

,53

1

79

0

88

2

11

,87

0

(3.7

)2

2.5

6

3.4

6

.7

7.4

4

,97

7

19

98

2,1

30

2

75

8

,88

6

1,1

13

9

64

1

3,3

68

1

2.6

1

8.0

6

6.5

8

.3

7.2

5

,01

3

19

99

95

0

17

2

10

,16

2

1,6

68

1

,33

2

14

,28

4

6.9

7

.9

71

.1

11

.7

9.3

5

,40

9

20

00

59

2

19

1

11

,58

0

1,6

12

1

,49

5

15

,47

0

8.3

5

.1

74

.9

10

.4

9.7

5

,73

1

20

01

73

0

27

8

11

,92

2

1,6

87

1

,99

4

16

,61

1

7.4

6

.1

71

.8

10

.2

12

.0

5,9

40

20

02

1,3

63

4

76

1

2,4

24

1

,32

9

2,5

56

1

8,1

48

9

.3

10

.1

68

.5

7.3

1

4.1

6

,19

1

20

03

28

9

34

0

10

,89

3

1,0

56

4

,10

4

16

,68

2

(8.1

)3

.8

65

.3

6.3

2

4.6

6

,56

8

20

04

27

4

27

2

10

,54

5

1,3

29

5

,32

7

17

,74

7

6.4

3

.1

59

.4

7.5

3

0.0

6

,71

6

20

05

27

5

29

8

12

,27

1

1,3

13

5

,54

1

19

,69

8

11

.0

2.9

6

2.3

6

.7

28

.1

6,7

06

20

06

17

1

61

7

12

,52

4

1,5

67

5

,96

4

20

,84

3

5.8

3

.8

60

.1

7.5

2

8.6

7

,24

0

20

07

19

9

31

4

12

,54

9

1,5

22

7

,48

6

22

,07

0

5.9

2

.3

56

.9

6.9

3

3.9

8

,38

5

20

08

18

1

29

9

13

,65

1

1,9

64

8

,06

9

24

,16

4

9.5

2

.0

56

.5

8.1

3

3.4

8

,42

2

20

09

20

5

38

4

13

,39

0

1,6

27

9

,01

0

24

,61

6

1.9

2

.4

54

.4

6.6

3

6.6

8

,53

1

20

10

12

5

41

5

12

,62

8

1,5

77

1

2,9

51

2

7,6

96

1

2.5

1

.9

45

.6

5.7

4

6.8

9

,40

4

20

11

1,1

03

9

81

1

0,9

77

1

,85

0

13

,01

3

27

,92

4

0.8

7

.5

39

.3

6.6

4

6.6

1

0,1

93

Not

e (*

):Fi

gure

s ca

lcul

ated

fro

m a

vera

ge e

ffici

ency

of

ther

mal

sta

tion

s of

res

pect

ive

year


Tabl

e 2

5:

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Con

sum

ptio

n by

Sec

tors

in k

toe

Year

Indu

stri

alTr

ansp

ort

Res

iden

tial

an

d C

omm

erci

al

Non

-Ene

rgy

Use

Agr

icul

ture

Tota

lA

nnua

l G

row

th R

ate

(%)

Indu

stri

al

incl

udin

g A

gric

ultu

re &

N

on-E

nerg

y

Indu

stri

al

GD

P*

Indu

stri

al

Ene

rgy

Inte

nsit

y (t

oe/R

M M

illio

n at

20

05

Pri

ces)

19

90

5,3

00

5

,38

6

1,6

22

8

38

-

13

,14

6

11

.0

6,1

38

1

24

,16

8

49

19

91

5,8

35

5

,80

6

1,7

21

1

,07

1

13

0

14

,56

3

10

.8

7,0

36

1

34

,34

6

52

19

92

6,4

55

6

,22

6

1,8

91

1

,22

2

39

1

16

,18

5

11

.1

8,0

68

1

43

,50

2

56

19

93

7,0

12

6

,55

8

2,0

69

2

,02

7

62

1

7,7

28

9

.5

9,1

01

1

52

,50

3

60

19

94

7,2

83

7

,26

2

2,5

02

1

,81

7

42

2

19

,28

6

8.8

9

,52

2

16

3,8

86

5

8

19

95

8,0

60

7

,82

7

2,8

37

1

,99

4

44

6

21

,16

4

9.7

1

0,5

00

1

81

,27

8

58

19

96

9,8

38

8

,95

1

3,1

62

1

,74

4

48

6

24

,18

1

14

.3

12

,06

8

20

4,3

01

5

9

19

97

10

,10

6

10

,20

1

3,0

73

2

,29

8

49

0

26

,16

8

8.2

1

2,8

94

2

18

,87

0

59

19

98

10

,12

1

9,7

93

3

,31

4

2,0

23

3

07

2

5,5

58

(2

.3)

12

,45

1

19

5,7

79

6

4

19

99

10

,27

7

11

,39

3

3,6

53

1

,79

9

10

6

27

,22

8

6.5

1

2,1

82

2

10

,34

5

58

20

00

11

,40

6

12

,07

1

3,8

68

2

,25

0

10

4

29

,69

9

9.1

1

3,7

60

2

35

,47

9

58

20

01

11

,85

2

13

,13

7

4,0

48

2

,37

8

98

3

1,5

13

6

.1

14

,32

8

22

9,4

39

6

2

20

02

12

,85

4

13

,44

2

4,3

87

2

,51

1

96

3

3,2

90

5

.6

15

,46

1

23

8,2

35

6

5

20

03

13

,47

2

14

,27

1

4,3

99

2

,34

5

98

3

4,5

85

3

.9

15

,91

5

25

6,0

74

6

2

20

04

14

,91

4

15

,38

5

4,7

54

2

,18

3

87

3

7,3

23

7

.9

17

,18

4

27

3,8

85

6

3

20

05

15

,49

2

15

,38

4

5,1

34

2

,17

3

10

1

38

,28

4

2.6

1

7,7

66

2

82

,88

4

63

20

06

15

,24

8

14

,81

9

5,4

30

2

,81

9

25

3

38

,56

9

0.7

1

8,3

20

2

95

,71

1

62

20

07

16

,45

4

15

,71

7

6,2

12

2

,95

8

26

5

41

,60

6

7.9

1

9,6

77

3

04

,21

6

65

20

08

16

,20

5

16

,39

5

6,2

05

2

,87

6

28

7

41

,96

8

0.9

1

9,3

68

3

06

,33

1

63

20

09

14

,31

2

16

,11

9

6,3

36

3

,86

8

21

1

40

,84

6

(2.7

)1

8,3

91

2

87

,86

9

64

20

10

12

,92

8

16

,82

8

6,9

51

3

,69

6

1,0

74

4

1,4

77

1

.5

17

,69

8

30

9,1

65

5

7

20

11

12

,10

0

17

,07

0

6,9

93

6

,37

7

91

6

43

,45

6

4.8

1

9,3

93

3

17

,51

9

61

Not

e (*

):D

efine

d as

tot

al G

DP

for

Agr

icul

ture

, Fo

rest

ry a

nd F

ishi

ng,

Min

ing

and

Qua

rryi

ng, M

anuf

actu

ring

and

Con

stru

ctio

n


ble

26

: Fi

nal E

nerg

y C

onsu

mpt

ion

by T

ype

of F

uels

in k

toe

Year

Pet

role

um

Pro

duct

s an

d O

ther

sE

lect

rici

tyG

as f

orN

on-E

nerg

yG

as f

or H

eatin

gN

atur

al G

asC

oal a

nd C

oke

Tota

lTo

tal (

excl

. N

on-E

nerg

y)A

nnua

l Gro

wth

R

ate

(%)

19

90

9,8

25

1

,71

5

609

460

1,0

69

5

13

1

3,1

22

1

2,5

13

8

.2

19

91

10

,91

4

1,9

25

60

4 49

5 1

,09

9

59

9

14

,53

7

13

,93

3

11

.3

19

92

11

,92

7

2,2

18

65

7 68

7 1

,34

4

67

2

16

,16

1

15

,50

4

11

.3

19

93

13

,07

5

2,4

50

1,

141

560

1,7

01

4

87

1

7,7

13

1

6,5

72

6

.9

19

94

13

,89

4

2,9

32

1,

163

497

1,6

60

5

98

1

9,0

84

1

7,9

21

8

.1

19

95

16

,14

2

3,3

75

1,

064

590

1,6

54

7

12

2

1,8

83

2

0,8

19

1

6.2

19

96

17

,20

3

3,7

77

87

0 1,

209

2,0

79

7

27

2

3,7

86

2

2,9

16

1

0.1

19

97

18

,57

8

4,3

84

1,

378

1,08

7 2

,46

5

74

0

26

,16

7

24

,78

9

8.2

19

98

17

,48

8

4,5

77

1,

282

1,44

4 2

,72

6

76

7

25

,55

8

24

,27

6

(2.1

)

19

99

18

,78

2

4,8

15

1,

118

1,90

5 3

,02

3

60

8

27

,22

8

26

,11

0

7.6

20

00

19

,58

2

5,2

63

1,

512

2,35

0 3

,86

2

99

1

29

,69

8

28

,18

6

8.0

20

01

20

,32

3

5,5

94

1,

655

2,96

5 4

,62

0

97

7

31

,51

4

29

,85

9

5.9

20

02

20

,63

8

5,9

22

1,

775

3,86

7 5

,64

2

1,0

86

3

3,2

88

3

1,5

13

5

.5

20

03

21

,17

5

6,3

13

1,

616

4,27

0 5

,88

6

1,2

12

3

4,5

86

3

2,9

70

4

.6

20

04

22

,88

6

6,6

42

1,

476

5,01

4 6

,49

0

1,3

05

3

7,3

23

3

5,8

47

8

.7

20

05

23

,01

2

6,9

44

1,

541

5,44

0 6

,98

1

1,3

48

3

8,2

85

3

6,7

44

2

.5

20

06

22

,39

8

7,2

72

2,

120

5,44

2 7

,56

2

1,3

35

3

8,5

67

3

6,4

47

(0

.8)

20

07

24

,85

2

7,6

83

2,

112

5,59

7 7

,70

9

1,3

61

4

1,6

05

3

9,4

93

8

.4

20

08

24

,45

1

7,9

86

2,

046

5,77

2 7

,81

8

1,7

13

4

1,9

68

3

9,9

22

1

.1

20

09

24

,14

5

8,2

86

1,

995

4,80

7 6

,80

2

1,6

13

4

0,8

46

3

8,8

51

(2

.7)

20

10

24

,40

3

8,9

93

1,

661

4,59

3 6

,25

4

1,8

26

4

1,4

76

3

9,8

15

2

.5

20

11

23

,94

6

9,2

36

3,

906

4,60

9 8

,51

5

1,7

59

4

3,4

56

3

9,5

50

(0

.7)


Tabl

e 2

7:

Fina

l Con

sum

ptio

n of

Pet

role

um P

rodu

cts

in k

toe

Year

Die

sel

Pet

rol

Fuel

Oil

LPG

Ker

osen

eAT

F &

AV

GA

SN

on-E

nerg

y &

O

ther

sTo

tal

19

90

4,4

21

2

,90

1

88

3

54

8

20

3

62

8

23

9

9,8

23

19

91

4,8

73

3

,13

5

94

5

61

2

18

0

69

0

47

9

10

,91

4

19

92

5,2

91

3

,32

6

1,0

88

7

33

1

60

7

64

5

65

1

1,9

27

19

93

5,3

39

3

,66

6

1,2

93

1

,11

9

14

9

87

5

63

5

13

,07

6

19

94

5,6

43

4

,13

9

1,3

92

9

26

1

52

9

78

6

64

1

3,8

94

19

95

5,8

10

4

,54

8

1,5

06

2

,21

5

17

7

1,1

60

7

26

1

6,1

42

19

96

6,7

35

5

,20

5

1,7

70

1

,21

5

19

7

1,3

35

7

46

1

7,2

03

19

97

7,3

14

5

,58

6

1,9

78

1

,24

5

16

9

1,4

39

8

47

1

8,5

78

19

98

6,2

52

5

,85

4

1,6

78

1

,30

1

16

5

1,6

19

6

19

1

7,4

88

19

99

6,5

06

6

,79

3

1,7

92

1

,52

3

16

2

1,4

24

5

82

1

8,7

82

20

00

7,6

27

6

,38

7

1,8

75

1

,36

2

13

1

1,5

74

6

25

1

9,5

81

20

01

6,8

27

8

,11

6

1,4

97

1

,39

2

99

1

,76

2

63

0

20

,32

3

20

02

8,0

42

6

,94

8

1,5

89

1

,54

2

92

1

,78

5

63

9

20

,63

7

20

03

7,3

60

8

,53

9

1,2

56

1

,43

7

93

1

,85

2

63

9

21

,17

6

20

04

9,2

62

7

,83

9

1,4

63

1

,54

2

86

2

,05

6

63

7

22

,88

5

20

05

8,6

72

8

,21

1

1,9

53

1

,51

0

81

2

,01

0

57

4

23

,01

1

20

06

8,5

40

7

,51

7

1,9

01

1

,52

0

79

2

,15

2

68

4

22

,39

3

20

07

9,5

12

8

,60

0

2,2

02

1

,47

4

76

2

,15

5

83

2

24

,85

1

20

08

9,1

67

8

,84

2

1,9

63

1

,47

5

75

2

,11

2

81

8

24

,45

2

20

09

8,6

34

8

,76

6

1,2

91

2

,50

6

30

2

,12

0

79

9

24

,14

6

20

10

8,3

88

9

,56

0

47

8

2,9

20

1

9

2,3

80

6

57

2

4,4

02

20

11

8,7

12

8

,15

5

41

4

2,8

92

1

9

2,5

53

1

,17

8

23

,92

3


ble

28

: S

elec

ted

Ene

rgy

and

Eco

nom

ic I

ndic

ator

s (1

99

0-2

01

1)

Year

GD

P a

t 2

00

5

Pri

ces

(RM

m

illio

n)*

Pop

ulat

ion

(‘0

00

pe

ople

)*

Pri

mar

y E

nerg

y S

uppl

y(k

toe)

Fina

l E

nerg

y D

eman

d(k

toe)

Ele

ctri

city

D

eman

d (k

toe)

Ele

ctri

city

D

eman

d (G

Wh)

Aver

age

Ann

ual G

row

th (

%)

Per

Cap

ita

Ene

rgy

Inte

nsit

yE

nerg

y E

last

icit

y

GD

P a

t 2

00

5

Pri

ces

Pri

mar

y E

nerg

y S

uppl

y

Fina

l E

nerg

y D

eman

d

Ele

ctri

city

D

eman

d

GD

P a

t 2

00

0

Pri

ces

(RM

)

Pri

mar

y E

nerg

y S

uppl

y pe

r C

apit

a (t

oe)

Fina

l E

nerg

y D

eman

d pe

r C

apit

a (t

oe)

Ele

ctri

city

D

eman

d pe

r C

apit

a (k

Wh)

Pri

mar

y E

nerg

y S

uppl

y (t

oe/G

DP

at

20

05

P

rice

s (R

M

Mill

ion)

)

Fina

l E

nerg

y D

eman

d (t

oe/G

DP

at

20

05

P

rice

s (R

M

Mill

ion)

)

Ele

ctri

city

D

eman

d (t

oe/G

DP

at

20

05

P

rice

s (R

M

Mill

ion)

)

Ele

ctri

city

D

eman

d (G

Wh/

GD

P

at 2

00

5

Pri

ces

(RM

M

illio

n))

Fina

l E

nerg

yFi

nal

Ele

ctri

city

19

90

21

7,0

47

18

,10

22

1,4

71

13

,14

61

,71

51

9,9

32

9.0

18

.90

8.7

09

.70

11

,99

01

.19

0.7

31

,10

19

8.9

26

0.5

77

.90

.09

20

.97

1.0

8

19

91

23

7,7

66

18

,98

62

6,3

35

14

,56

31

,92

52

2,3

73

9.5

52

2.6

51

0.7

81

2.2

41

2,5

23

1.3

90

.77

1,1

78

11

0.7

66

1.2

58

.10

.09

41

.13

1.2

8

19

92

25

8,8

91

18

,98

52

9,2

91

16

,18

52

,21

82

5,7

78

8.8

81

1.2

21

1.1

41

5.2

21

3,6

37

1.5

40

.85

1,3

58

11

3.1

46

2.5

28

.60

.10

01

.25

1.7

1

19

93

28

4,5

09

19

,50

32

9,9

25

17

,72

82

,45

02

8,4

74

9.9

02

.16

9.5

31

0.4

61

4,5

88

1.5

30

.91

1,4

60

10

5.1

86

2.3

18

.60

.10

00

.96

1.0

6

19

94

31

0,7

18

20

,04

93

1,6

62

19

,28

72

,93

23

4,0

76

9.2

15

.80

8.7

91

9.6

71

5,4

98

1.5

80

.96

1,7

00

10

1.9

06

2.0

79

.40

.11

00

.95

2.1

4

19

95

34

1,2

58

20

,62

43

3,8

79

22

,16

43

,37

53

9,2

25

9.8

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00

-94

00

0-4

00

0-5

40

-39

50

00

-21

3-1

,48

3

13

. S

tati

stic

al D

iscr

epan

cy-0

00

08

-6-4

9-2

3-3

04

09

3-1

70

00

0-1

22

-11

4

14

. S

econ

dary

Sup

ply

-14

,11

07

,25

5-6

,77

68

75

,98

91

,02

62

,21

8-6

08

50

17

41

,02

47

56

0-3

,20

4-4

67

02

,16

3-9

,06

2

Fina

l Use

15

. R

esid

enti

al2

00

01

96

00

01

96

10

00

00

04

56

65

4

16

. C

omm

erci

al8

00

02

27

08

23

14

20

00

00

00

73

49

69

17

. In

dust

rial

1,0

86

00

04

26

24

28

85

95

32

00

04

37

00

97

02

,91

9

18

. Tr

ansp

ort

65

00

04

,00

81

,93

61

,43

92

00

63

00

00

00

44

,07

7

19

. A

gric

ultu

re0

00

02

37

02

35

20

00

00

00

06

24

3

20

. N

on-E

nerg

y U

se9

38

00

07

05

00

03

36

00

36

90

00

00

1,6

43

21

. To

tal F

inal

Use

2,0

98

00

05

,79

91

,96

02

,04

46

67

27

26

30

36

90

43

70

02

,17

11

0,5

06

1/

Cru

de p

rodu

ctio

n in

clud

es C

onde

nsat

es c

ompr

isin

g P

enta

ne a

nd H

eavi

er H

ydro

carb

ons.

2/

Oth

ers

Ref

er t

o N

on-C

rude

Ene

rgy

Form

s (c

onsi

st o

f Im

port

ed L

ight

Die

sel,

Slo

p R

epro

cess

, C

rude

Res

idiu

m &

Mid

dle

Eas

t R

esid

ue)

whi

ch a

re u

sed

as r

efine

ry in

take

.3

/ G

PP

-LP

G E

xtra

cts

Liqu

id P

rodu

cts

i.e. C

onde

nsat

es, E

than

e, B

utan

e an

d P

ropa

ne f

rom

Nat

ural

Gas

. E

than

e is

not

incl

uded

und

er L

PG

pro

duct

ion.

4/

But

ane

and

Pro

pane

as

MTB

E F

eeds

tock

s ar

e pr

esen

ted

as N

on-E

nerg

y us

e un

der

LPG

col

umn.

Eth

ane

is p

rese

nted

und

er N

atur

al G

as c

olum

n.5

/ E

stim

ated

figu

res

base

d fr

om t

he E

nerg

y C

omm

issi

on, S

tati

stic

s of

Ele

ctri

city

Sup

ply

Indu

stry

in M

alay

sia

20

11

.N

ote

: To

tal m

ay n

ot n

eces

sari

ly a

dd u

p du

e to

rou

ndin

g.


Tabl

e 3

1:

Ene

rgy

Bal

ance

Tab

le in

Sec

ond

Qua

rter

(2

Q)

of 2

01

1 (

kilo

ton

nes

of o

il eq

uiva

lent

)

Com

mer

cial

Ene

rgy

Bal

ance

for

Mal

aysi

a 2

01

1(T

hous

and

Tonn

es o

f O

il E

quiv

elen

t)

Ene

rgy

Sou

rce

NAT

UR

AL

GA

SLN

GC

RU

DE

O

IL(1

/)

OTH

ER

S(2

/)

TOTA

L P

ETR

OLE

UM

P

RO

DU

CTS

Pet

role

um P

rodu

cts

CO

AL

&

CO

KE

HYD

RO

P

OW

ER

BIO

DIE

SE

LE

LEC

TRIC

ITY

TOTA

L

Pet

rol

Die

sel

Fuel

Oil

LPG

Ker

osen

eAT

F &

AV

GA

SN

on-

Ene

rgy

Refi

nery

G

as

Pri

mar

y S

uppl

y

1.

Pri

mar

y P

rodu

ctio

n1

7,0

91

06

,52

20

00

00

00

00

04

05

42

24

70

24

,48

7

2.

Gas

Fla

ring

, R

einj

ecti

on &

Use

-3,3

73

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

-3,3

73

3.

Impo

rts

1,6

76

01

,66

50

3,5

34

1,2

17

1,0

64

48

61

36

14

51

97

28

70

2,7

11

00

15

9,6

01

4.

Exp

orts

-23

8-6

,73

9-3

,16

70

-2,1

90

0-8

76

-42

-24

8-1

76

-76

-77

30

-39

0-6

0-1

2,3

80

5.

Bun

kers

00

00

-82

0-6

-75

00

00

00

00

0-8

2

6.

Sto

ck C

hang

e0

03

36

02

84

58

56

90

0-7

-20

2-1

33

0-5

34

0-4

00

45

7.

Sta

tist

ical

Dis

crep

ancy

00

38

00

00

00

00

00

92

70

00

96

5

8.

Pri

mar

y S

uppl

y1

5,1

56

-6,7

39

5,3

94

01

,54

61

,27

57

51

36

9-1

12

-38

-81

-61

90

3,4

69

42

20

15

19

,26

3

Tran

sfor

mat

ion

9.

Gas

Pla

nts

9.1

LN

G-8

,64

16

,84

90

05

60

00

56

00

00

00

00

-1,7

36

9.2

MD

S-2

51

00

01

23

02

30

01

00

90

00

00

0-1

28

9.3

GP

P-L

PG

(3

&4

/)-8

16

00

05

76

00

05

76

00

00

00

00

-24

0

Sub

tota

l-9

,70

76

,84

90

07

56

02

30

63

21

00

90

00

00

0-2

,10

3

10

. R

efine

ries

00

-5,3

94

05

,39

27

53

1,9

68

14

21

27

48

72

51

,26

03

69

00

00

-2

11

. P

ower

Sta

tion

s &

Sel

f-G

ener

atio

n

11

.1 H

ydro

Sta

tion

s0

00

00

00

00

00

00

0-4

22

01

55

-26

6

11

.2 T

herm

al S

tati

ons

-2,7

27

00

0-7

34

0-3

54

-38

00

00

00

-3,0

33

00

2,5

22

-3,9

72

11

.3 S

elf-

Gen

erat

ion

(5/)

-41

50

00

-50

0-5

00

00

00

00

00

10

9-3

56

Sub

tota

l-3

,14

20

00

-78

40

-40

4-3

80

00

00

0-3

,03

3-4

22

02

,78

6-4

,59

4

12

. Lo

sses

& O

wn

Use

-14

9-1

10

00

-72

30

0-4

00

0-3

86

-33

40

00

-24

9-1

,23

0

13

. S

tati

stic

al D

iscr

epan

cy0

00

0-1

15

95

10

-71

-4-1

51

1-1

06

-36

00

0-1

76

-29

0

14

. S

econ

dary

Sup

ply

-12

,99

86

,73

9-5

,39

40

4,5

25

84

81

,59

8-3

12

75

54

37

36

85

70

-3,0

33

-42

20

2,3

62

-8,2

20

Fina

l Use

15

. R

esid

enti

al2

00

01

95

00

01

92

30

00

00

05

10

70

7

16

. C

omm

erci

al8

00

02

46

09

44

14

70

00

00

00

82

01

,07

4

17

. In

dust

rial

1,0

38

00

05

20

68

34

84

75

42

00

04

36

00

1,0

36

3,0

30

18

. Tr

ansp

ort

69

00

04

,36

72

,05

51

,65

52

00

65

60

00

00

54

,44

1

19

. A

gric

ultu

re0

00

02

55

02

51

30

00

00

00

06

26

1

20

. N

on-E

nerg

y U

se1

,04

20

00

48

90

00

25

00

02

39

00

00

01

,53

1

21

. To

tal F

inal

Use

2,1

58

00

06

,07

12

,12

32

,34

85

76

43

56

56

23

90

43

60

02

,37

71

1,0

43

1/

Cru

de p

rodu

ctio

n in

clud

es C

onde

nsat

es c

ompr

isin

g P

enta

ne a

nd H

eavi

er H

ydro

carb

ons.

2/

Oth

ers

Ref

er t

o N

on-C

rude

Ene

rgy

Form

s (c

onsi

st o

f Im

port

ed L

ight

Die

sel,

Slo

p R

epro

cess

, C

rude

Res

idiu

m &

Mid

dle

Eas

t R

esid

ue)

whi

ch a

re u

sed

as r

efine

ry in

take

.3

/ G

PP

-LP

G E

xtra

cts

Liqu

id P

rodu

cts

i.e. C

onde

nsat

es, E

than

e, B

utan

e an

d P

ropa

ne f

rom

Nat

ural

Gas

. E

than

e is

not

incl

uded

und

er L

PG

pro

duct

ion.

4/

But

ane

and

Pro

pane

as

MTB

E F

eeds

tock

s ar

e pr

esen

ted

as N

on-E

nerg

y us

e un

der

LPG

col

umn.

Eth

ane

is p

rese

nted

und

er N

atur

al G

as c

olum

n.5

/ E

stim

ated

figu

res

base

d fr

om t

he E

nerg

y C

omm

issi

on, S

tati

stic

s of

Ele

ctri

city

Sup

ply

Indu

stry

in M

alay

sia

20

11

.N

ote

: To

tal m

ay n

ot n

eces

sari

ly a

dd u

p du

e to

rou

ndin

g.


ble

32

: E

nerg

y B

alan

ce T

able

in T

hird

Qua

rter

(3

Q)

of 2

01

1 (

kilo

ton

nes

of o

il eq

uiva

lent

)

Com

mer

cial

Ene

rgy

Bal

ance

for

Mal

aysi

a 2

01

1(T

hous

and

Tonn

es o

f O

il E

quiv

elen

t)

Ene

rgy

Sou

rce

NAT

UR

AL

GA

SLN

GC

RU

DE

O

IL(1

/)

OTH

ER

S(2

/)

TOTA

L P

ETR

OLE

UM

P

RO

DU

CTS

Pet

role

um P

rodu

cts

CO

AL

&

CO

KE

HYD

RO

P

OW

ER

BIO

DIE

SE

LE

LEC

TRIC

ITY

TOTA

L

Pet

rol

Die

sel

Fuel

Oil

LPG

Ker

osen

eAT

F &

AV

GA

SN

on-

Ene

rgy

Refi

nery

G

as

Pri

mar

y S

uppl

y

1.

Pri

mar

y P

rodu

ctio

n1

7,3

03

06

,99

20

00

00

00

00

04

79

37

05

00

25

,19

3

2.

Gas

Fla

ring

, R

einj

ecti

on &

Use

-3,4

94

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

-3,4

94

3.

Impo

rts

1,8

06

02

,00

02

02

3,0

45

1,0

12

96

23

60

11

62

12

44

68

02

,94

70

00

10

,00

1

4.

Exp

orts

-30

1-6

,02

0-2

,23

1-1

0-2

,31

10

-85

8-6

0-1

80

-17

6-1

57

-88

00

-90

-17

0-1

0,9

00

5.

Bun

kers

00

00

-46

0-1

-45

00

00

00

00

0-4

6

6.

Sto

ck C

hang

e0

0-1

,08

40

18

57

44

88

00

6-1

91

-19

20

23

40

-26

0-6

92

7.

Sta

tist

ical

Dis

crep

ancy

00

-30

00

00

00

00

0-1

60

00

-19

8.

Pri

mar

y S

uppl

y1

5,3

15

-6,0

20

5,6

74

19

28

72

1,0

86

59

22

55

-64

-16

7-2

25

-60

40

3,6

34

37

06

02

0,0

43

Tran

sfor

mat

ion

9.

Gas

Pla

nts

9.1

LN

G-8

,39

26

,52

60

05

50

00

55

00

00

00

00

-1,8

11

9.2

MD

S-1

83

00

07

20

14

00

70

51

00

00

0-1

11

9.3

GP

P-L

PG

(3

&4

/)-1

,15

40

00

63

20

00

63

20

00

00

00

0-5

22

Sub

tota

l-9

,72

86

,52

60

07

58

01

40

68

67

05

10

00

00

-2,4

44

10

. R

efine

ries

00

-5,6

74

-19

25

,73

68

00

2,1

01

13

21

56

10

58

56

1,1

52

43

40

00

0-1

30

11

. P

ower

Sta

tion

s &

Sel

f-G

ener

atio

n

11

.1 H

ydro

Sta

tion

s0

00

00

00

00

00

00

0-3

70

01

48

-22

2

11

.2 T

herm

al S

tati

ons

-2,8

34

00

0-5

71

0-2

88

-28

30

00

00

-3,1

98

00

2,6

22

-3,9

81

11

.3 S

elf-

Gen

erat

ion

(5/)

-41

50

00

-49

0-4

90

00

00

00

00

11

1-3

53

Sub

tota

l-3

,24

90

00

-61

90

-33

6-2

83

00

00

0-3

,19

80

02

,88

1-4

,55

6

12

. Lo

sses

& O

wn

Use

-17

0-5

06

00

-83

60

0-6

00

0-3

96

-43

40

00

-41

5-1

,92

8

13

. S

tati

stic

al D

iscr

epan

cy0

00

03

12

21

0-1

39

12

03

26

16

23

00

00

-83

22

9

14

. S

econ

dary

Sup

ply

-13

,14

76

,02

0-5

,67

4-1

92

5,3

50

1,0

10

1,6

40

-38

87

41

73

86

28

30

0-3

,19

8-3

70

02

,38

3-8

,82

8

Fina

l Use

15

. R

esid

enti

al2

00

01

97

00

01

94

30

00

00

05

23

72

2

16

. C

omm

erci

al8

00

02

72

01

18

51

48

00

00

00

08

15

1,0

94

17

. In

dust

rial

1,0

57

00

06

22

41

31

42

06

59

30

00

43

50

01

,03

33

,14

8

18

. Tr

ansp

ort

71

00

04

,28

32

,05

51

,59

01

00

63

60

00

06

54

,36

4

19

. A

gric

ultu

re0

00

02

13

02

09

40

00

00

00

07

22

1

20

. N

on-E

nerg

y U

se1

,03

10

00

63

50

00

40

90

02

26

00

00

01

,66

6

21

. To

tal F

inal

Use

2,1

68

00

06

,22

32

,09

62

,23

12

17

81

06

63

62

26

04

35

06

2,3

83

11

,21

5

1/

Cru

de p

rodu

ctio

n in

clud

es C

onde

nsat

es c

ompr

isin

g P

enta

ne a

nd H

eavi

er H

ydro

carb

ons.

2/

Oth

ers

Ref

er t

o N

on-C

rude

Ene

rgy

Form

s (c

onsi

st o

f Im

port

ed L

ight

Die

sel,

Slo

p R

epro

cess

, C

rude

Res

idiu

m &

Mid

dle

Eas

t R

esid

ue)

whi

ch a

re u

sed

as r

efine

ry in

take

.3

/ G

PP

-LP

G E

xtra

cts

Liqu

id P

rodu

cts

i.e. C

onde

nsat

es, E

than

e, B

utan

e an

d P

ropa

ne f

rom

Nat

ural

Gas

. E

than

e is

not

incl

uded

und

er L

PG

pro

duct

ion.

4/

But

ane

and

Pro

pane

as

MTB

E F

eeds

tock

s ar

e pr

esen

ted

as N

on-E

nerg

y us

e un

der

LPG

col

umn.

Eth

ane

is p

rese

nted

und

er N

atur

al G

as c

olum

n.5

/ E

stim

ated

figu

res

base

d fr

om t

he E

nerg

y C

omm

issi

on, S

tati

stic

s of

Ele

ctri

city

Sup

ply

Indu

stry

in M

alay

sia

20

11

.N

ote

: To

tal m

ay n

ot n

eces

sari

ly a

dd u

p du

e to

rou

ndin

g.


Tabl

e 3

3:

Ene

rgy

Bal

ance

Tab

le in

Fou

rth

Qua

rter

(4

Q)

of 2

01

1 (

kilo

ton

nes

of o

il eq

uiva

lent

)

Com

mer

cial

Ene

rgy

Bal

ance

for

Mal

aysi

a 2

01

1(T

hous

and

Tonn

es o

f O

il E

quiv

elen

t)

Ene

rgy

Sou

rce

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Energy Flow Chart


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I) Non-commercial energy such as firewood and other biomass fuels have been excluded in the energy balance until more reliable data are made available.

II) The output side of the final user’s equipment of device i.e. useful energy, will not be dealt with in the balance as it will involve assessing the efficiencies of end-use equipment operating under various different conditions.

Notes on Energy Balance

The net calorific value (NCV) is chosen as the basis of calculations rather than the gross calorific value (GCV). Joule is used as the rigorous accounting unit, while the “tonne oil equivalent” (1 toe= 41.84 Gigajoules) is chosen as the final unit for presentation in the Energy Balance.

Energy Balance Format

The rows of the Energy Balance tables contain the following items:

Primary supply refers to supply of energy that has not undergone the transformations / conversion process within the country.

Primary production (1) refers to the quantity of fuels extracted. Data for natural gas excludes the amount of reinjected and flared gas. Gross production of hydro is shown in conventional fuel equipment input.

Gas Flaring, Reinjection & Use (2) refers to the quantity of gas flared, re-injected into the gas fields and use for production purpose.

Imports (3) and exports (4) refer to the amount of primary and secondary energy obtained from, or supplied to other countries. In the energy balance format, imports always carry a positive and export a negative sign.

Bunkers (5) refer to the amount of fuels delivered to ocean-going ships of all flags engaged in international traffic.

Stock change (6)

refers to the difference between the amounts of fuel in stocks at the beginning and end of year and should ideally cover producers, importers and industrial consumers. At this stage, however, only oil companies’ stocks are taken into account. A negative sign indicates net increase while a positive sign indicates net decrease in stocks.

Total under primary supply, ‘total’ is the addition of columns to obtain total availability. Under transformation, ‘total’ is the addition of columns to obtain transformation and conversion losses.

Gas Plants (9) shows the input of natural gas into the LNG, MDS and GPP-LPG plants and their respective outputs.

Refineries (10), power stations and Co-generation & Private licensees (11)

shows the input of any energy product (negative sign) for the purpose of converting it to one or more secondary products (positive sign).

Losses and own use (12)

refers to losses of electrical energy and natural gas which occur outside the utilities and plants (i.e. distribution losses) and the consumption of energy by utilities and plants for operating their installation (i.e electricity for operating auxiliary equipment and petroleum products used in the crude distillation process respectively). It does not, however, include conversion loss that is accounted for in the ‘total’ column.

Secondary supply (14) refers to the supply of energy from the transformation process and after deducting the energy sector’s own use and losses, including power station use.

Residential and commercial(15 & 16)

not only refers to energy used within households and commercial establishments but includes government buildings and institutions.

Industrial (17) is a very broad-based sector ranging from manufacturing to mining and construction. Diesel sales through distributors are assumed to be to industrial consumers.

Transport (18) basically refers to all sales of motor gasoline and diesel from service stations and sales of aviation fuel. It also includes diesel and motor gasoline sold directly to government and military.

Agriculture (19) covers agriculture, forestry and fishing.

Non-energy use (20) use of products resulting from the transformation process for non-energy purpose (i.e. bitumen/lubricants, asphalt/greases) and use of energy products (such as natural gas) as industrial feed stocks.

Final use (21) refer to the quantity of energy of all kinds delivered to the final user.


Reserve Margin

Total capacity margin is defined as the amount of installed generation available over and above system peak load

Reserve Margin = Installed Capacity – Peak Demand Peak Demand

Peak Demand

The maximum power demand registered by a customer or a group of customers or a system in a stated period of time such as a month or a year. The value may be the maximum instantaneous load or more usually, the average load over a designated interval of time, such as half an hour and is normally stated in kilowatts or megawatts.

Installed Capacity Installed capacity is defined as the maximum possible capacity (nameplate rating) that can be provided by the plant.

Dependable Capacity The maximum capacity, modified for ambient limitations for a specified period of time, such as a month or a season.

Available Capacity Available capacity refers to the Latest Tested Net Capacity. It is the dependable capacity, modified for equipment limitation at any time.

Unit Generated(Gross Generation)

The total amount of electric energy produced by generating units and measured at the generating terminal in kilowatt-hours (kWh) or megawatt hours (MWh).

Unit Sent Out From Station(s) (Net Generation)

The amount of gross generation less the electrical energy consumed at the generating station(s) for station service or auxiliaries.

Measured ResourcesRefers to coal for which estimates of the rank and quantity have been computed to a high degree of geologic assurance, from sample analyses and measurements from closely spaced and geologically well known sample sites.

Indicated ResourcesRefers to coal for which estimates of the rank, quality, and quantity have been computed to a moderate degree of geologic assurance, partly from sample analyses and measurements and partly from reasonable geologic projections.

Inferred Resources

Refers to coal of a low degree of geologic assurance in unexplored extensions of demonstrated resources for which estimates of the quality and size are based on geologic evidence and projection. Quantitative estimates are based on broad knowledge of the geologic character of the bed or region where few measurements or sampling points are available and on assumed continuation from demonstrated coal for which there is geologic evidence.

Notes on Electricity

Notes on Coal


Definition

GDP is a measure of the total value of production of all resident producing units of a country in a specified period, before deducting allowances for consumption of fixed capital. A producing unit is considered as resident in a country if it maintains a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country. The economic territory of a country consists of the geographic territory administered by a government within which persons, goods and capital circulate freely. GDP can be measured in three but equivalent ways, namely, the sum of value added, the sum of final expenditures and the sum of incomes. In Malaysia, Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM) compiles annual GDP estimates using the sum of value added and sum of final expenditure approaches.

Measuring GDP

The sum of value added (or production) based GDP is the sum of the differences between the values of the gross output of resident producing units measured in producers’ values and the values of their intermediate consumption measured in purchasers’ values plus import duties. The difference between gross output and intermediate consumption is value added. This approach shows the contribution of individual economic activities to the total GDP.

Income based estimates – summing up the incomes generated (i.e salaries and wages, gross operating surplus of enterprises and mixed income generated by households that engage in production)

The sum of final expenditures (expenditure) approach is to sum up the expenditure values of the final users of goods and services measured in purchasers’ values, less the c.i.f. values of the import of goods and services. It is calculated by estimating the values of private consumption expenditure, government consumption expenditure, gross fixed capital formation, change in stocks and exports of goods and services, less imports of goods and services. These are termed `final demand’ or ‘final expenditure’ categories.

Definition

The Gross national income (GNI) consists of: the personal consumption expenditure, the gross private investment, the government consumption expenditures, the net income from assets abroad (net income receipts), and the gross exports of goods and services, after deducting two components: the gross imports of goods and services, and the indirect business taxes. The GNI is similar to the gross national product (GNP), except that in measuring the GNP one does not deduct the indirect business taxes.

Measuring GNI

As GNI is an add up of Net Income from abroad and the GDP, one can calculate the GNI by the following formula:

GNI = GDP + (FL – DL) + NCI

When FL and DL are respectively the foreign and domestic income from labor, and NCI the net capital inflow. For example, if a country A’s nominal GDP is $20,000, the domestic income from labor $3,000 and the foreign income from labor $5,000, and the country received a $10,000 donation from another country’s charity organization, the GNI of country A would be $32,000.

Notes on GDP

Notes on GNI


TJ/1000 Tonnes1

Hard Coal 29.3076 Lignite/Brown Coal 11.2834

Coke/Oven Coke 26.3768 Peat 9.525

Gas Coke 26.3768 Charcoal 28.8888

Brown Coal Coke 19.6361 Fuelwood2 13.4734

Pattern Fuel Briquettes 29.3076 Lignite briquettes 19.6361

Petroleum Products (TJ/1000 Tonnes)

Crude Petroleum (Imported) 42.6133 Gas Oil/Diesel 42.4960

Crude Petroleum (Domestic) 43.3000 Residual Fuel Oil 41.4996

Plant Condensate 44.3131 Naphtha 44.1289

Aviation Gasoline (AV GAS) 43.9614 White/Industrial Spirit 43.2078

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 45.5440 Lubricants 42.1401

Motor Gasoline 43.9614 Bitumen (Asphalt) 41.8000

Natural Gasoline 44.8992 Petroleum Waxes 43.3334

Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) 43.1994 Petroleum Coke 36.4000

Kerosene 43.1994 Other Petroleum Products 42.4960

Natural Gas Products (TJ/1000 Tonnes)

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 45.1923 Natural Gas1TJ/ million scf

0.9479 mmbtu/GJ

Butane 50.393 Ethane 1,067.82 GJ/mscf

Propane 49.473 Methane 1,131.31 GJ/mscf

Electricity

Electricity 3.6 TJ/GWh

Conversion Coefficients and Equivalence

1,000 Tonnes Oil Equivalent (toe) = 41.84 TJ

Note:1 Unless otherwise indicated2 Assuming 9.7 TJ/1000 cu m


Crude Oil and Petroleum Products (Barrels to Tonnes)

Product Barrels/tonne

Crude Oil - Import 7.33

- Local 7.60

Motor Gasoline 8.55

Diesel 7.50

Fuel Oil 6.60

Kerosene 7.90

LPG 11.76

ATF 7.91

AV GAS 9.05

Non-Energy 6.50


DefinitionThe sources of energy covered in the Energy Balances are as below:

Natural Gas Is a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons (mainly methane), which occur in either gas fields or in association with crude oil fields.

LNG Is natural gas that is liquefied for ocean transportation and export.

Crude Oil Is natural gas that is liquefied for extracted from mineral deposits and consists essentially of many different non-aromatic hydrocarbons (paraffinic, cyclonic, etc.).

Aviation Gasoline (AV GAS) Is a special blended grade of gasoline for use in aircraft engines of the piston type. Distillation range normally falls within 300 C and 2500 C.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Commercial LPG consists essentially of a mixture of propane and butane gases which are held in the liquid state by pressure or refrigeration.

Motor Gasoline (mogas) Petroleum distillate used as fuel in spark-ignition internal combustion engines. Distillation range is within 300 C and 2500 C.

Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) Fuel for use in aviation gas turbines mainly refined from kerosene. Distillation range from 1500 C and 2500 C.

Kerosene Is a straight-run fraction from crude oil, with boiling range from 1500 C to 2500 C. Its main uses are for domestic lighting and cooking.

Diesel (or Gas 0il)Distillation falls within 2000 C and 3400 C. Diesel fuel for high-speed diesel engines (i.e. automative) is more critical of fuel quality than diesel for stationary and marine diesel engines. Marine oil usually consists of a blend of diesel oil and some residual (asphaltic) materials.

Fuel Oil

Heavy distillates, residues or blends of these, used as fuel for production of heat and power. Fuel oil production at the refinery is essentially a matter of selective blending of available components rather than of special processing. Fuel oil viscosities vary widely depending on the blend of distillates and residues.

Non-Energy Products

Refer mainly to naphtha, bitumen and lubricants, which are obtained by the refinery process from petroleum but used for non-energy purposes. Naphtha is a refined or partly refined light distillate, which is further, blended into motor gasoline or used as feedstock in the chemical industry. Bitumen is a viscous liquid or solid, non-volatile and possesses waterproofing and adhesive properties. Lubricating oil is used for lubricating purposes and has distillation range from 3800 C to 5000 C.

Refinery Gas The gas released during the distillation of crude oil and comprises methane, ethane, propane and butane. Most refinery gas is retained in the refinery and used as fuel in plant operations.

Coal and CokeSolid fuels consisting essentially of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sulphur. Coal in the energy balance is mainly bituminous coal (medium grade in terms of energy content) and some anthracite (high quality hard coal). Coke is obtained from coal by heating at high temperature.

Hydropower

Is the inferred primary energy available for electricity production and is shown in terms of conventional fossil fuel equivalent using the average thermal efficiency of conversion for the year, i.e. the hypothetical amount of fossil fuel, which would be needed to produce the same amount of electricity in existing thermal power plants.

Electricity Production

Production of electricity refers to production from public utilities as well as independent power producers (IPPs) and private installations & co-generation plants which obtain licenses from the Department of Electricity Supply and Market Regulation, Energy Commission. Figures for ‘fuel input’ into power stations & co-generation plants were only available for Tenaga Nasional Berhad, SEB, SESB, IPPs as well as GDC Sdn. Bhd. Estimations were made using average conversion efficiency to obtain the fuel input into private installations.


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National Energy Balance 2011

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