National greenhouse gas inventories and official statistics - Finnish experiences

Riitta Pipatti

Statistics Finland

Conference on Climate Change, Development and Official Statistics

Seoul, Republic of Korea

11 – 12 December 2008

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Contents

National greenhouse gas inventories Finland’s national greenhouse gas inventory system Current data needs and role of statistics Future data needs Conclusions

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National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Mandatory reporting for all Parties of the Climate Convention (UNFCCC)

Annex I Partiesannual reporting and annual review by international

review teams Non-Annex I Parties

periodic reporting as part of the national communication, no reviews (every four years, most non-Annex I Parties finalising their 2nd NCs)

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National greenhouse gas inventories

Gases: CO2, CH4, N2O, PFCs, HFCs and SF6 (air pollutants also reported but not part of the Kyoto Protocol)

Reporting of actual, annual emissions Sectors: energy; industrial processes; solvent and other product

use; agriculture, land use; land-use change and forestry; waste; other

International transport – reported but not part the Kyoto Protocol accounting framework

Methodologies from simple calculations: emissions = activity data X emission

factor to complex model calculations, e.g. first-order day model to estimate methane emissions from landfills

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National greenhouse gas inventories

Reporting requirements for Annex I Parties Submissions under the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol

by 15 April each year, strict timeline, >6 week delay ==> loss of eligibility to use Kyoto Mechanisms

strict reporting format (Common Reporting Format (CRF) tables, National Inventory Report NIR)

strict requirements on methodologies: IPCC guidelines and good practice guidance

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IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Revised 1996 Guidelines

2000 Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management(GPG2000)

Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (GPG-LULUCF)

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

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UNFCCC reporting format (Common Reporting Format - CRF)SUMMARY 2 SUMMARY REPORT FOR CO2 EQUIVALENT EMISSIONS Inventory 2007

(Sheet 1 of 1) Submission 2009 v1.1

FINLAND

GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND CO2 (1) CH4 N2O HFCs (2) PFCs (2) SF6

(2) Total

SINK CATEGORIES

Total (Net Emissions) (1) 40 355,80 4 612,19 6 952,61 903,92 8,40 22,59 52 855,51

1. Energy 61 950,01 327,00 1 490,69 63 767,69A. Fuel Combustion (Sectoral Approach) 61 814,71 275,77 1 489,82 63 580,30

1. Energy Industries 30 362,27 22,56 325,19 30 710,022. Manufacturing Industries and Construction 11 412,02 13,82 156,88 11 582,723. Transport 14 044,39 44,60 657,19 14 746,184. Other Sectors 4 940,55 193,27 71,26 5 205,085. Other 1 055,49 1,51 279,29 1 336,29

B. Fugitive Emissions from Fuels 135,30 51,23 0,87 187,391. Solid Fuels NO NO NO NO2. Oil and Natural Gas 135,30 51,23 0,87 187,39

2. Industrial Processes 3 856,49 9,08 1 482,05 903,92 8,40 22,59 6 282,53A. Mineral Products 1 266,32 NO NO 1 266,32B. Chemical Industry 105,40 NO 1 482,05 NO NO NO 1 587,45C. Metal Production 2 484,77 9,08 NO NO NO C,NO 2 493,85D. Other Production NO NOE. Production of Halocarbons and SF6 NA,NO NA,NO NO NA,NO

F. Consumption of Halocarbons and SF6 (2) 903,92 8,40 22,59 934,91

G. Other NA NA NA NA NA NA NA3. Solvent and Other Product Use 60,65 36,42 97,074. Agriculture 1 844,35 3 685,45 5 529,80

CO2 equivalent (Gg )

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National greenhouse gas inventories

Requirements on legal, institutional and procedural arrangements

National systems under Article 5, para 2 of the Kyoto Protocol single entity responsible for the inventoryto ensure capacity (resources, competence) for timely

performance meeting the reporting requirements Quality management - continuous improvement; tiered

approach; certain QC/QA measures mandatory (IPCC Tier 1)mandatory - reviewed

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National greenhouse gas inventories

General requirements/inventory principlestransparency (CRF tables, National Inventory Report)consistency (time series, consistency among sectors/categories)comparability (among Parties of the UNFCCC)completeness accuracy (no systematic over/underestimation; uncertainties

reduced as far as practicable)

UN Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics and European Statistics’ Code of Practice :

aim largely to the same goal; differences in scope, detail and terminology

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Finland’s National System

Statistics Finland - national entity with overall responsibility since 2005

Statistics Act: access to administrative data established procedures for data processing incl.

confidentiality, verification and validation of dataobjectivity in inventory reporting

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventories in Finland since early 1990s - current system more resources and expertise, more formalised system (detailed agreements and protocols on responsibilities)

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Finland’s National System

Administrativedata sources

VAHTI

Emission trading registry

Other

Statistics FinlandNational Entity

Finnish Environment Institute

Finnish Forest Research Institute

Agrifood Research Finland

Technical Research Centre of Finland

Finavia

Annual Inventory submissions to EU and UNFCCC

Greenhouse Gas Inventory, based onthe Law of Statistics, protocols, agreements and contracts

Advisory Board: Relevant ministries, the Energy Market Authority,

Finnish Environment Institute, Finnish Forest Research Institute and Agrifood Research Finland

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Finland’s GHG inventory

Waste3%

Agriculture7%

Solvent and Other Product Use 0.1%

Industrial Processes

8%

Energy82%

Fugitive 0.2%

Other 2%

Households, services, etc.7%

Transport 18%

Manufacturing Industries and Construction 15%

Energy Industries 41%

Trend in Finnish GHG emissions 1990 to 2006

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Energy Industrial Processes Solvent and Other Product Use Agriculture Waste

Emissions, Tg CO2 eq.

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Relying mainly on data from the existing statistical systemclose collaboration with energy statistics (mutual benefits)much of the data register-based - the registers are not always

consistentno gaps allowed; Kyoto Protocol - conservative adjustmentsno overlaps or double-counting of the emissions and removals

allowedensuring completeness and consistency can be resource

consuming (e.g. land-use data in Finland)

Finland’s GHG Inventory - Data collection

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Finland’s GHG Inventory - Data collection

data on F-gases, some industrial processes and peat production areas collected with direct queries (efforts to reduce the burden on data providers)

data from the emission trading registry used directly or for verification

part of the data (mainly emission factors, parameters) for specific categories are based on research studies, measurement programmes, expert opinion, etc; these studies are resource consuming

reporting and reviews - specific modalities for disclosure of confidential data

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Current and future data needs and the role of statistics

Quality and availability of activity data crucial for the quality of the national greenhouse gas inventory

official statisticsthe most important sources of datacover much of the need, but not alltimelines of datain developing countries - significant lack of data

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Current and future data needs and the role of statistics

Importance of the emission data and the links to economic data enhanced

CRF does not fully follow ISIC/NACE classificationsdifficult if not impossible to combine data over sectors

by branch of industry (depends on metadata available)Finland – part of the metadata collected at

process/plant or company level and ISIC/NACE classification recorded in the data system (energy, industrial processes)

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Current and future data needs and the role of statistics

What statistical offices can do to facilitate the preparation and development of inventories:

statistical data collection - to take the inventory needs into account in the development and prioritization of data collection

harmonisation of classifications (CRF vs. ISIC/NACE) on long term -mapping between the classifications on short term

Increased collaboration and dialog - the key issuenational collaborationinternational collaboration (IPCC, UNFCCC)

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Future data needs

UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocolnegotiations for future commitment periods ongoingframework, structure of commitments may change

sectoral commitments? -- enhanced need of data by ISIC/NACE classification

MRV - measurable, reportable, verifiableadditional reporting on all commitments (emissions,

policies and measures, technology transfer, funding, etc.):

International statistical community - active participation and input in the UNFCCC and IPCC processes

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Thank you!

Information on Statistics Finland and the Finnish National Greenhouse Gas Inventory System at

www.stat.fi and

www.stat.fi/greenhousegases

Information on IPCC, the Climate Convention and Kyoto Protocol,

www.ipcc.ch

unfccc.int