National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Data Modernization Traffic Records Forum Costa Mesa,...

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

Data Modernization

Traffic Records ForumCosta Mesa, CAOctober 2015

Terry Shelton, Chou-Lin Chen, Mike FrenchikNational Center for Statistics and Analysis

Safer Drivers. Safer Cars. Safer Roads.

2

NHTSA and Data

• NHTSA -- data driven• Data are used extensively for:

– Basic research– Identifying problem areas– Identifying program and rulemaking needs– Developing and evaluating programs, rules and

standards– Evaluating new technologies – Allocating grants– Setting safety targets and goals


3

–Fatalities–Injuries–Crashworthiness and occupant protection

–Pre-crash factors and crash avoidance

What crash data does NHTSA collect?


4

Fatalities & Fatality Rate*: 1989 to 2014(*per 100 million vehicle miles of travel)

45,582

19891990

19911992

19931994

19951996

19971998

19992000

20012002

20032004

20052006

20072008

20092010

20112012

20130

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

Fatalities Fatality Rate Per 100M VMTSource: FARS, FHWA

2.1732,675

1.07


5

Crashes by Crash Severity, 2013

4,348,000

Property Damage Only

4,348,000

Property Damage Only

1,929,000

Injury Crashes

1,929,000

Injury Crashes

38, 30938,38, 309309

6,316,000

Police Reported Crashes

6,316,000


4,066,000 Property Damage Only

1,591,000

Injury Crashes

30,057

5,687,000


32,719Fatalities2,313,000

People Injured

Fatal Crashes


6

NHTSA’s Current Sampling Systems

• Designed in the mid-1970’s

• Designed as one system

• 75+ planned collection sites

• 20,000+ planned cases

• Split in two in 1988: – General Estimates

System– Crashworthiness

Data System


7

Direction from Congress – Modernize NHTSA’s Crash Sampling

Systems

Considerations:• Is sample size and design sufficient?• Is scope too limited?• What data needs to be collected?• What data do external stakeholders need?

Congress appropriated $25M in FY 2012 to modernize NASS


9

NHTSA’s effort to:• Upgrade the crash sampling systems • Modernize and consolidate related

information technology systems

What is Data Modernization?

Goal: To affirm NHTSA position as the leader in motor vehicle crash data collection and analysis, by collecting quality data to keep pace with emerging technologies and evolving policy needs.


10

Crash Report Sampling System

• Replacement for GES• Sample of police-reported crashes

involving – All types of motor vehicles– Motorists and Non-motorists– Property-damage crashes– All injury severities

CRSS 60 Sites

This is a U.S. Government work and may be copied and distributed without permission.


12

• 60 data collection sites in 31 States• 50,000 crashes sampled annually• Data can be weighted to make national

estimates• 100 data elements coded from police crash

reports• Electronic data transfer pilot• CRSS starts in January 2016

Crash Report Sampling System

Standard errors should be smaller than the current system for key estimates.


13

• To assess the overall state of highway safety and identify existing and emerging highway safety trends;

• To understand the national picture regarding key safety priorities;

• To establish an estimate of the number of people injured in motor vehicle-related crashes annually; and

• To assess the effectiveness of motor vehicle safety standards and highway safety programs.

Why is CRSS important?


14

People Injured and Injury Rate*: 1989 to 2013 (*per 100 million vehicle miles of travel)

157

19891990

19911992

19931994

19951996

19971998

19992000

20012002

20032004

20052006

20072008

20092010

20112012

20130

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

4,000,000

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

People Injured Injury Rate Per 100M VMTSource: NASS GES, FHWA

3.28M

77

2.31M


15

• New sample design and sites will enable more precise estimates

• Improved IT delivers more stable, agile and secure operating system

• Leveraging technology for data collection and coding

• Improved data quality• Data accessible in multiple file formats • Enhanced analytical Web products

CRSS Improvements


1717

Uses of Data: Crashworthiness

Roof CrushResistance (216)

Ejection Mitigation (226)

Child RestraintSystems (213)

OccupantCrash

Protection (208)

Side ImpactProtection (214)

SeatingSystems (207)

Child RestraintAnchorage

Systems (225)Fuel System Integrity (301)

Head Restraints (202)

Occupant Protection in

Interior Impact (201)


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Crashworthiness Safety Today

LATCH Belt TensionerFront and Rear

Dual StageBelt Force

Limiter

Windowbag

Kneebag)

Rear Sidebag

Dual Stage Passenger Airbag

Dual Stage Driver Airbag Front Sidebag

Occupant Classification


1919

Uses of Data: Crash Avoidance

Anti-LockBraking System

ElectronicBrake

Distribution

LaneDepartureWarning Systems

Tire PressureMonitoring

System

ElectronicStability Control

Vehicle to Vehicle Collision Avoidance

System

Adaptive Cruise Control

Adaptive Headlights


20

• 24 Data collection sites in 18 States (Phase 1)

• Add up to 73 collection sites (Phase 3)• 4,000 to 4,500 crashes sampled annually• Data can be weighted to make national

estimates• Passenger car and light truck crashes only• 600 data elements• Pilot started in July 2015

Crash Investigation SamplingSystem

Add additional sites as budget permits and add modules for special studies, such as pedestrians, motorcycles, trucks,…


24

Leveraging Technology

• Electronic forms• Tablet computers• Electronic measuring

of scene and vehicle• Anatomical 3D

diagram• Event data recorder

data


2525

Electronic Data Collection

• Tablet computer for field data collection

• Data entry using drop down menus

• Eliminate transcription errors

• Secure data on tablet computer

• Ease of data entry


2626

Current Scene Data

• Measuring wheel• Run into traffic to

obtain measurements

• Labor intensive• Diagram not

scaled• Use is software

dependent


2727

Improved Scene Data

• Electronic Distance Measuring Instrument

• Off-road operations

• SAFE!• More accurate


2828

Improved Scene Data, cont.

• Scaled diagrams• Accurate measurements• Capability for user to create

3-D renderings of crash sites


2929

Current Vehicle Data

• Tape measures alongside crashed vehicle

• Six crush points measured• Hand drawn sketches of

vehicle


3030

Improved Vehicle Data

• Electronic measurements of crush on vehicle

• More efficient• Many more crush

points measured • Scaled damage on

vehicles• Capable of importing

into any CAD program for 3-D renderings


3131

Modernized Information Technology

• More efficient and secure IT systems• More and better data for users• Easier access to data• Better worldwide use of vital crash data


32

Crash Data Products and Services

• Upgrade SAS software and Business Intelligence tools– Develop new query and reporting tools– Provide subject data sets– Improve product development cycle– Enhance Web-based deployment

• Enhanced spatial analysis capability

• Revamp customer data request system

• Provide multiple file formats

32


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• Multiple definitions for basic vehicle information

• Multiple sources to define basic vehicle information

• Data comparisons are labor intensive & time consuming

• Currently no clean integration of vehicle data and processes from multiple NHTSA offices for regulatory / research purposes

Product Information Catalog and Vehicle Listing = vPIC

33


34

Product Information Catalog and Vehicle Listing (vPIC)

• Centralized authoritative data source for VIN associated, and VIN specific data:– Manufacture 565 Submittals – Primary Source

• Standard for Key Data Elements– Based on CFR 49 Sections 500-599 – Part 565 Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)– Passenger Vehicles, Multi-Purpose Vehicles, Motorcycles, Trucks, Buses, Low Speed

Vehicles, & Trailers

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Country Code

Manufacture

Make /

Mfg Extension

(9)

Model Series

Engine

Body / Drive

Safety System(s)

(Air Bags / Belts)

Check Digit

Model Year

Manufacture

Extension 1

(Only if 9 in Pos 3)

Manufacture Plant

Manufacture

Extension 3


Sequential ID

(Unique to Vehicle)

NOTE: Includes 12,

13 and 14 only for

3 digit WMIs

Production

Line / Model

Manufacture

Extension 2


World Manufacturer Index (WMI) Manufacturer Specs (Detail May Vary)

Defined List of

Countries

Manufacturer

Name Defined by

SAE

Used to Define

Make (Extension

for Small Mfgs)

Manufacturer Coded SpecificationsDetails may vary by Manufacturer

Required minimum: Model, Series, Engine, Body and Base Safety System Data

Used to Validate

Full VIN

Model Year Code

by NHTSA

Plant Code

Provided by Mfg

Extended WMI for Small Manufactures / Large

Subsiderary

Sometimes also used for additional data from various

manufactures (e.g., Tesla uses 12th for Series ID

Vehicle Specific Sequential IDConsidered PII within the VIN

NOT INCLUDED in vPIC-List

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Public Web Address: http://vpic.nhtsa.dot.gov

http://vpic.nhtsa.dot.gov/


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vPIC: The Potential Uses

• DOT-wide consistency (FMCSA, FHWA, RITA, etc.)

• Reliable reference for States / State-system integration

• Industry/academia could create products (e.g., phone apps, websites, etc.)

• Free VIN Decoder from vPIC Datasets

• Standardized list of all vehicle manufacturers with contact points

• Potential Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) – includes batch processing 35


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Going Forward

• NHTSA continually assesses crash data collection needs

• As more/different data are needed, systems can be designed, built and optimized in new IT environment

• New system is built to be flexible for future expanded crash data collection efforts


37

• Two new crash data collection systems:– Crash Report Sampling System

• Begins in January 2016– Crash Investigation Sampling System

• Pilot began in July 2015• 24 sites up and running in January 2017

• vPIC is available now! (http://vpic.nhtsa.dot.gov)

• Look for new data products and services soon

Data Modernization Summary


38

Thank you for your

attention.

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

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