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National Highways Development Programme Key Feature & Challenges
By
NIRMAL JIT SINGH, MEMBER(TECHNICAL)National Highways Authority of India
New Delhi
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INDIAN ROAD NETWORKTotal – 3.3 Million km
Road Category Length (km) Percentage (%)
Expressways 200 -National Highways (NHs) 66,590 2%
State Highways (SHs) 128,000 4%
Major District Roads (MDRs) 470,000 14%
Rural Roads 2,650,000 80%
Total 3,314,790 100%
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TRAFFIC ON ROADS
Roads carry 85% of passenger & 70% of freight traffic
National Highways are less than 2% but carry 40% of traffic on roads
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INITIATIVES FOR HIGHWAY DEVELOPMENTEstablishment of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) Announcement of incentives for private sector participation in road infrastructure development.Start of the National Highways Development Project (NHDP Phase – I & II)Levy of cess on Diesel and Petrol for assured funding of road development projectsApproval of NHDP Phase –IIIA entirely on BOTTaking up NHDP IV to VII
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Phases Under Implementation
NATIONAL HIGHWAYS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT APPROVED
In Km
Total Length 25,347
NHDP Phase I : Mainly Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) 7,498
NHDP Phase II : Mainly North-South & East-West (NS & EW) Corridors
6,736
NHDP Phase III : 4 laning of 11,113 km under BOT
11,113
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Financing of NHDP -I , II & IIIAPhase Approved Cost Cumulative Expenditure
(Jun-06)
NHDP – ICess and Market borrowings : 18,846External Assistance : 7,862BOT / SPV : 3,592
30,300(1999 Prices)
30,607.59
NHDP – IICess and Market borrowings : 23,420External Assistance : 7,609BOT : 3,310
34,339(2002 Prices)
NHDP – IIIA BOT : 22,000 22,000(2004 Prices)
168.26
86,639
2,785.94
TotalCess and Market borrowings : 42,266External Assistance : 15,471BOT / SPV : 28,902
33,561.79
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NHDP PHASE - ITotal Length
Length Completed
Target for completion
7,498 6636
Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) High traffic density corridorsLinking metropolitan cities of: Delhi – Mumbai – Chennai –Kolkata – Delhi(Status as on 28.02.2006)
5,846 5409 (92.52%) 96% GQ is targeted for completion by Dec, 06
North-South (NS) & East-West (EW) Corridors N-S: Srinagar to Kanniakumari (including Spur from Salem to Kochi) E-W: Silchar toPorbandar
981 830 June, 07
Port Connectivity & Other Projects 671 397 June, 07
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National Highways Development Project Phase IIIn Km
Total Length 6,736
• NS & EW Corridors 6,240
• North South 3,068
• East West 3,172
• Other NHs 496
Total 6,736
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Status of NHDP Phase–II as on 30.06.2006
In Km No. of projectsCivil works Awarded : 5377 136
NS & EW Corridors : 4911 126Others NHs : 466 10
Funded By No. Length (km)ADB 25 1383WB 12 481.83BOT 16 812.86ANNUITY 12 673MoRTH 1 4NHAI 70 2023
Total 136 5377
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NHDP Phase III
• Government have approved in March 2005 NHDP-Phase IIIA for upgradation and 4 laning of 4,000 km of National Highways on BOT basis.
• It has also approved preparation of DPRs for 6,000 km (since increased to 7113 km).
• Criteria for selection of stretches are :-• Corridors having high density traffic.• Connectivity of State Capitals with NHDP - Phase I&II.• Connectivity of centers of tourism and places of economic
importance.
Present Status• 1 contract of length 30 km completed.
• 17 contracts covering a length of 1090 km have been awarded.
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Future Plans Phase Length and Nature of Development Mode of
ImplementationTotal Cost
NHDP – I & II Balance work Mixed BOT/ EPC 52,375
NHDP – III 11,113 km, 4 laning BOT (Toll) 65,163
NHDP – IV 20,000 km, 2 laning with paved shoulders BOT (Toll) / BOT (Annuity)
27,800
NHDP – V 6,500 km, 6 laning BOT (Toll) 41,200
NHDP- VI 1,000 km, Expressways BOT (Toll) 16,680
NHDP –VII Ring roads, bypasses, underpasses, etc. Mixed BOT / EPC 16,680
SARDP – NE Special Accelerated Road Development Programme for the North Eastern region
Mixed BOT / EPC 12,123
Rs in Rs in CroreCrore
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INVESTMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION METHODOLOGY
Investment in future highway projects including balance works of first three phases about US $ 50 billion
Implementation mainly through Public Private Partnership
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Incentives for Private Sector ParticipationProcurement Procedure – well defined and transparent
Investor friendly Concession AgreementInternational competitive bidding
Equitable Dispute Resolution Mechanism
Provision of encumbrance free site for work, i.e. Government bears expenses for land acquisition and pre-construction activities.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) upto 100%
Capital Subsidy maximum upto 40% on case to case basis to meet the viability gap funding
100% tax exemption in any consecutive 10 years out of 20 years
Right to collect and retain revenues from User Fee (Toll)
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Awarded Completed
No. of Contracts
Length in km
No. of Contracts
Length in km
NHDP Phase I 9 454 3443 718.99(20.88 %)
7 420
NHDP Phase II 16 812.86 5371.06 -103.38(-1.92%)
- -
NHDP Phase III 17 1090 5752 491.91(8.55%)
1 30
Total 42 2356.86 14566.06 1107.61(7.6%)
8 450
Total Project Cost
(Rs Crs)
Awarded Cost
(Rs Crs)
Category
Summary of BOT Toll based Projects
Though allowed upto 40% the overall grant is 7.6%
As on 30.06.2006
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Summary of BOT (Annuity) based Projects
Awarded Completed
No. of Contracts
Length inkm
No. ofContracts
Length in km
NHDP Phase I 8 476 2354 288(12.23 %)
8 476
NHDP Phase II 12 674 5341 388.76(8.76%)
- -
Total 20 1150 7695 755(9.81%)
8 476
Total ProjectCost
(Rs Crs)
Annuity (Rs Crs)
Category
As on 30.06.2006
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Issues in Timely Completion• Land Acquisition
- In NHDP Phase I acquisition of land started along with implementation of the project.
- About 208 hectares still remains to be acquired.
- Business Rules amended to authorize M/O Shipping Road Transport & Highways to issue notification since 01.09.2005.
- For the North – South & East –West corridor projects, Land Acquisition process has already been initiated. 3D for 67% land completed.
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Issues in Timely Completion
Environment and Forest clearances
Environmental clearance required for all projects, located in forest / ecologically sensitive areas, and also for projects in which more than 20 meters width of land is to be acquired.
Also to be obtained for bypass projects costing more than Rs. 100 crores.
Besides permission has to be obtained from the State Forest Department for felling of trees.
Contd…
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Issues in Timely Completion
• Clearance of Railways for ROB design
Approval of the Railways is required at various stages in construction of
ROB.
GM level officer of the Railways posted in NHAI for better coordination
and pursuit.
Some ROB’s entrusted to IRCON who are delegated powers to approve
design.
Contd…
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Issues in Timely Completion
• Difficulties faced by contractor in obtaining quarries for
aggregates and stone aggregate of requisite quality from the
designated quarries
- Though this is the contractor’s responsibility, NHAI has been taking up the issue
with the concerned State Governments for ensuring that overall contract
completion is not affected by this problem.
Contd…
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Issues in Timely Completion
• Stoppage of work by local population demanding
additional bypasses service road, flyover etc.
Contd…
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Issues in Timely Completion
• Poor performance by some contractors
• Performance of some of the contractors has been
very poor.
• 8 contracts terminated.
• 17 contractor declared non performing and not
allowed to bid for new projects
Contd…
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Issues in Timely Completion
• Cash flow problems of contractors
• Additional interest bearing advances given.
• Recoveries deferred.
• In exceptional cases NHAI making direct payment for steel, cement and other essential construction materials etc.
Contd…
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MAJOR IMPROVEMENTS IN NHDP PHASE-II
• Public Consultations at the stage of DPR preparations.
• Provision of more under passes at an average interval of 4-5
Kms. Against 10 kms in GQ.
• Provision of more service roads.
• Peer Review of DPR.
• Proof checking of design of major structures.
• Bid document standardized.
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Operations and Maintenance
Around 3000 km of upgraded highways already under operation and maintenance
Figure will rapidly increase in coming years
Operation & maintenance through long term contracts
Plans to install modern systems in operations such as electronic tolling equipment, ATMS
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Highway Traffic Management System (HTMS) / ATMS
The system comprises of the following components:-
• Emergency Call Boxes (ECBs)
• Variable Message Signs (VMS)
• Video Surveillance System
• Video Incident Detection System
• Radio Mobile Communication
• Metrological Data System
• Automatic Traffic Counter cum Classifier
• Fibre Optic Communication System
• Control Centre
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Highway Traffic Management System (HTMS) / ATMS (contd…)
Status:-
A. Presently at Amer – Kotputli and Jaipur – Kishangarh
B. Proposed at Ahmedabad – Vadodara Expresseway, Panipat –
Jalandhar Section of NH-1, Barwa Adda – Pangarh Section of NH-2,
Chikaluripet – Vijayavada and Vijayavada – Eluru Section of NH – 5.
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Modern Toll Collection System
• Automatic Vehicle Counter cum Classifier ( AVCC ) with Incident capturing• Automatic Boom Barrier• ETC ( Electronic Toll Collection )• Contactless Smart Card Systems• License Plate Reader• Ticket Printer• User Fare Display unit• Close Circuit Television System• Lane Controller• Traffic Light System• Intercom System• Over Head Lane Signs
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5
8
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3
6
711
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DelhiKarnal
Shambhu
Doraha
Delhi – Gurgaon (BOT)
BilaspurManoharpur
Jaipur BypassJaipur – Kishengarh ( BOT)Kavalias
Jojro ka KhedaNarayanpura
PadunaKhandi Obri
Vantada
Proposed Locations For implementation of Modern Toll Collection Systems at 14 locations as Pilot Project
NH 1
Srinagar
Mahuvan
NH 2
NH 8
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Weigh – in Motion System
- Problem of overloading.
- Need to regulate / ensure legal roads.
- Weigh-in motion being installed at 12 locations.
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ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT
• Avenue Plantation− Tied up with State forest Departments to take up Avenue
Plantation on the completed Sections
− So far about 5.41 lakhs plants covering a length of 1250 km. have been planted on road side margins.
− Plants include about 40000 of Fruit Bearing trees mainly Neem, Jamun, Mango etc
− Selection of Species as per Agro climatic region
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ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT• Median Plantations
− Executing agencies are Contractor (as per BOQ)/ Concessionaire/ Forest department/ other agency on contract
− 1600 Km covered under median plantations
− About 7.5 lakh plants planted mainly ornamental shrubs like Bougainvillea, Kaner etc.
Contd…
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WAYSIDE AMENITIESPARKING
FAST FOOD / RESTAURANT
DRINKING WATER
TOILETS
KIOSKS
FIRST AID
TELEPHONE
LANDSCAPINGTHROUGH PRIVATE SECTOR
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ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT
• Site specific landscape development
− To enhance aesthetics of the corridor, site specific plans are being
developed for junctions and interspaces
• Enhancement of Cultural Properties
− Restoration of Kosh Minars in Delhi -Mumbai & Delhi – Kolkata
section.
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•Allahabad Bypass Package II & III 67 lakhs cubic meters
•Used in different packages of NH-2 & 6 33 lakhs cubic meters
•Total 100 lakhs cubic
meters
LARGE QUANTITY BEING USED
Use of Fly-ash
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Capacity of Construction industry
• Overall industry turnover at present Rs 6000 crore per annum: This has to increase fourfold:
− New players joining (investors as well as contractors)
− Existing ones improving their capacity
− Small medium specialist firms emerging to avail the opportunities
• Equipment suppliers
• Material suppliers (including ready mix suppliers)
• Maintenance companies
− Equipment pool emerging
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Capacity of consultancy industry
• Consultancy firms by are now well experienced
− Career opportunities available with these firms
− Average age of consultant’s personnel needs to come down
− Exodus of personnel and poaching by other firms to stop
− Training of personnel
• They now have to upgrade technologically
− In-house expertise in financing, construction, modern tolling system, operation and management
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Material sources
• Huge demand on natural resources (land, natural materials)
− Alternative materials (e.g., stabilized soil)
− Alternative technologies (e.g. reinforced soil)
− Innovative construction techniques (e.g. recycling)
• There is need to
− Economize on materials
− Restore the damage to the environment
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Equipment
• This will not be a constraint
• Nevertheless, effort needs to be directed towards
− Equipment leasing
− Equipment pooling and sharing
• New sets of equipment to proliferate
− Low volume maintenance equipment
− Lifting and launching equipment
− Equipment for instrumentation and no destructive testing
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Human resource
• Great opportunity is round the corner for development of human resource.
This needs to be tapped
− Regular recruitment of engineering graduates by the contractors and
consultants
− Integration of various disciplines:
− Civil engineering, Information technology, finance, management
− Specialised formal courses to be introduced in Universities and
Educational institutions
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Technology and Management
• Operation and management of the new generation highways will need graduation to Intelligent Transport System (ITS)
− Electronic tolling
− Integration of toll by various operators
− Back end integration with Banks, BOT operators, system developers and operators
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ROLE OF ICTInformation & Communication Technology (ICT) will be enabler of :-
− Time & Cost bound implementation of NHDP Phase I to III (24,000 km).
− Efficient O&M of completed stretches.
− e-Governance of Highways.
− Transparent procurement of high value contracts.
− Keeping stake holders & public at large informed and build-up the brand image.
− Provide rapid & cost effective communication systems.
− Improve skill sets of personnel.
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Opportunities / Tasks Ahead• Adopt improved technologies to facilitate faster construction with
assured quality
• Need to create special cell under Indian Roads Congress to clearnew technologies for early adoption with appropriate changes in standards / specifications
• Measures to attract foreign investments with mechanisms to securitise foreign exchange fluctuation
• Projects to be taken up with support from foreign governments through MOU route – procedures for acceptance need to be formulized
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Opportunities / Tasks Ahead (Contd.)
• Private sector involvements in maintenance and operation needs to be encouraged with appropriate bidding module
• Concept of Equipment banks needs to be encouraged with adequate network of vendors, dealers, service centers
• More delegation of powers to institutions like NHAI, MSRDC, etc.Their performance to be evaluated against specified targets
• Improving the efficiency of transport sector, with use of efficient vehicles, multi-axled trucks, etc.
• Creation of Regulatory Institution