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National human rights institutions

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National human rights institutions(NHRIs) are administrative bodies set up to

protect or monitor human rightsin a given country. The groth of such bodies has been

encouraged by the !ffice of the "nited #ations $igh %ommissioner for $uman &ights

(!$%$&) hich has provided advisory and support services, and facilitated access for

#$&'s to the "# treatybodies and other committees.*There are over ++ such

institutions, about tothirds assessed bypeer revieas compliant ith the "nited

#ationsstandards set out in the -aris -rinciples. %ompliance ith the -rinciples is the

basis for accreditationat the "#, hich, uniuely for #$&'s, is not conducted directly

by a "# body but by a subcommittee of the 'nternational %oordinating %ommittee of

#ational $uman &ights 'nstitutions('%%). The secretariat to the revie process (forinitial accreditation, and reaccreditation every five years) is provided by the #ational

'nstitutions and &egional /echanisms 0ection of the !$%$&.1*

#$&'s can be grouped together in to broad categories: human rights commissionsand

ombudsmen. While most ombudsman agencies have their poers vested in a single

person, human rights commissions are multimember committees, often representative

of various social groups and political tendencies. They are sometimes set up to deal ith

specific issues such as discrimination,although some are bodies ith very broad

responsibilities. 0pecialised national institutions e2ist in many countries to protect the

rights of a particular vulnerablegroup such as ethnicand linguisticminorities,

indigenous peoples,children, refugeespersons ith disabilitiesor omen.

$oever, in general terms national human rights institution have an e2plicit and

specific human rights mandate and a broader mandate, hich could include research,

documentation and training and education in human rights issues, than the classical

ombudsman model hich tends to ork on handling complaints about administrative

deficiencies. While all human rights violations are maladministration, only a small

proportion of the orkload of an ombudsman deals ith violations of human rights

standards.3*

'n most countries, a constitution, a human rights act or institutionspecific legislationill provide for the establishment of a national human rights institution. The degree of

independence of these institutions depends upon national la, and best practice reuires

a constitutional or statutory basis rather than (for e2ample) a presidential decree.

#ations human rights institutions are also referred to by the 4ienna 5eclaration and

-rogramme of 6ction 7*and the%onvention on the &ights of -ersons ith 5isabilities8*

Contents

hide*

Functions of #$&'s

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#mw-headhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#p-searchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#p-searchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_reviewhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_reviewhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Principleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accreditationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Coordinating_Committee_of_National_Human_Rights_Institutionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Coordinating_Committee_of_National_Human_Rights_Institutionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discriminationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discriminationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_vulnerabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_minoritieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoritieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoritieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peopleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children's_Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children's_Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugeehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugeehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_educationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladministrationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_Declaration_and_Programme_of_Actionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_Declaration_and_Programme_of_Actionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_Persons_with_Disabilitieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_Persons_with_Disabilitieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_Persons_with_Disabilitieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#Functions_of_NHRIshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#p-searchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_reviewhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Principleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accreditationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Coordinating_Committee_of_National_Human_Rights_Institutionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Coordinating_Committee_of_National_Human_Rights_Institutionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discriminationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_vulnerabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_minoritieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoritieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peopleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children's_Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugeehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_educationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladministrationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_Declaration_and_Programme_of_Actionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_Declaration_and_Programme_of_Actionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_Persons_with_Disabilitieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#Functions_of_NHRIshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#mw-head

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1 &egional groupings of #$&'s

3 0ubnational human rights institutions

7 #otes

8 0ee also

9 Further reading

;2ternal links

Functions of NHRIs[edit]

0pecial commissions have been established in many countries to ensure that las andregulations concerning the protection of human rights are effectively applied.

%ommissions tend to be composed of members from diverse backgrounds, often ith a

particular interest, e2pertise or e2perience in the field of human rights.

$uman rights commissions are concerned primarily ith the protection of those ithin

the or in

international human rights instruments.

!ne of the most important functions vested in many human rights commissions is toreceive and investigate complaints from individuals (and occasionally, from groups)

alleging human rights abuses committed in violation of e2isting national la. While

there are considerable differences in the procedures folloed by various human rights

commissions in the investigation and resolution of complaints, many rely on

conciliationor arbitration. 't is not unusual for a human rights commission to be granted

authority to impose a legally bindingoutcome on parties to a complaint. 'f no special

tribunal has been established, the commission may be able to transfer unresolved

complaints to the normal courts for a final determination.

#$&'s are usually able to deal ith any human rights issue directly involving a public

authority. 'n relation to nonstate entities, some national human rights institutions haveat least one of the folloing functions:

addressing grievances or disputes involving certain kinds of company (for

instance stateoned enterprises, private companies providing public services, or

companies that operate at the federal level)

addressing only certain types of human rights issue (for instance non

discriminationor labour rights)

addressing complaints or disputes raising any human rights issue and involvingany company.9*

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#Regional_groupings_of_NHRIshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#Sub-national_human_rights_institutionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#Noteshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#See_alsohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#Further_readinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#External_linkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_human_rights_institutions&action=edit&section=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discriminationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discriminationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_libertieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_human_rights_instrumentshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conciliationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-discriminationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-discriminationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#Regional_groupings_of_NHRIshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#Sub-national_human_rights_institutionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#Noteshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#See_alsohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#Further_readinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#External_linkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_human_rights_institutions&action=edit&section=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discriminationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_libertieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_human_rights_instrumentshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conciliationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-discriminationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-discriminationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_human_rights_institutions#cite_note-6

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The degree to hich the recommendations or rulings produced by a human rights

institution can be enforced varies based on the human rights climate surrounding the

institution.

6nother important function of a human rights commission is systematically to revie a

government?s human rights policy in order to detect shortcomings in human rightsobservance and to suggest ays of improving. This often includes human rights

proofing of draft legislation, or policies.

$uman rights commissionsmay also monitor the state?s compliance ith its on and

ith international human rights las and if necessary, recommend changes. The

reali=ation of human rights cannot be achieved solely through legislation and

administrative arrangements@ therefore, commissions are often entrusted ith the

important responsibility of improving community aarenessof human rights.

6ccording to the -aris -rinciples, the ?#ational human rights institutions? are obliged to

make Apreparation of reports on the national situation ith regard to human rights ingeneral, and on more specific matters@A and this is mostly done in annual status reports. *

-romoting and educating about human rights may involve informing the public about

the commission?s on functions and purposes@ provoking discussion about various

important uestions in the field of human rights@ organi=ing seminars@ holding

counselling services and meetings@ as ell as producing and disseminating human rights

publications.

#ot all of the folloing #$&'s are accredited through the '%%.

6fghanistan

6fghan 'ndependent $uman &ights %ommission

6lbania

-eople?s 6dvocate

6lgeria

#ational $uman &ights %ommission of 6lgeria

6ngola

Justice and &ights !mbudsman (Provedor de Justia e de direitos)

6ntigua and Barbuda

!ffice of the !mbudsman

6rgentina-ublic 5efender (Defensora del Pueblo de la Nacin Argentina) (!mbudsman)

6rmenia

$uman &ights 5efender of the &epublic of 6rmenia

6ustralia

6ustralian $uman &ights %ommission

6ustria

6ustrian !mbudsman Board

6=erbai

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#ational $uman &ights %ommission

Belgium

%entre for eual opportunities and opposition to racism

Beli=e

!ffice of the !mbudsman

BCninBCnin $uman &ights %ommission

Bermuda

Bermuda !mbudsman

Bolivia

-ublic 5efender (Defensor del Pueblo)

Bosnia and $er=egovina

$uman &ights %hamber for Bosnia and $er=egovina(pre-2003 cases

$uman &ights !mbudsman of Bosnia and $er=egovina(current cases

Bulgaria

Bulgarian -arliamentary !mbudsman

Burkina Faso#ational $uman &ights %ommission of Burkina Faso

%ameroon

#ational %ommission on $uman &ights and Freedoms

%anada

%anadian $uman &ights %ommission

%had

%had #ational $uman &ights %ommission

%olombia

!mbudsman?s !ffice of %olombia

5emocratic &epublic of the %ongo

#ational $uman &ights !bservatory (5& %ongo)

&epublic of the %ongo

#ational $uman &ights %ommission (&epublic of the %ongo)

%osta &ica

5efender of the 'nhabitants(Defensoria de los !abitantes)

%roatia

!ffice of the %roatian !mbudsman

%yprus

#ational 'nstitute for the -rotection of $uman &ights

%=ech &epublic

-ublic 5efender of &ights (%=ech &epublic)5enmark

5anish 'nstitute for $uman &ights

;cuador

5efensorDa del -ueblo del ;cuador

;gypt

#ational %ouncil for $uman &ights

;l 0alvador

$uman &ights -rocurator(Procuradura de Defensa de los Derec"os !u#anos)

;thiopia

;thiopian $uman &ights %ommission

Fi

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Finland

-arliamentary !mbudsman

France

%ommission nationale consultative des droits de l?homme

Eabon

#ational $uman &ights %ommissionEeorgia

!ffice of -ublic 5efender of Eeorgia

Eermany

Eerman 'nstitute for $uman &ights(5eutsches 'nstitut fr /enschenrechte)

Ehana

%ommission on $uman &ights and 6dministrative Justice%$&6J

Ereat Britain ("G)

;uality and $uman &ights %ommission(;$&%) see also $cotland

Ereece

#ational $uman &ights %ommission

Euatemala-rocurator for $uman &ights(Procurador de los Derec"os !u#anos)

Euyana

!ffice of the !mbudsman

$aiti

!ffice de la -rotection du %itoyen

$onduras

#ational $uman &ights %ommissioner(%o#isionado Nacional de Derec"os

!u#anos)

$ong Gong

;ual !pportunities %ommission ($ong Gong)

$ungary

-arliamentary %ommissioner on the &ights of #ational and ;thnic /inorities

($ungary)

'ndia

#ational $uman &ights %ommission ('ndia)

'ndonesia

#ational %ommission on $uman &ights(Gomnas $6/)

'ran

'slamic $uman &ights %ommission

'reland

'rish $uman &ights and ;uality %ommission'taly

%ommissione per i 5iritti "mani

Jamaica

!ffice of the -ublic 5efender (Jamaica)

Jordan

#ational %entre for $uman &ights (Jordan)

Ga=akhstan

%ommissioner for $uman &ights

Genya

Genya #ational %ommission on $uman &ights(G#%$&)

Gorea, &epublic of#ational $uman &ights %ommission of Gorea

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finlandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_nationale_consultative_des_droits_de_l'hommehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(country)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_Institute_for_Human_Rights&action=edit&redlink=1https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsches_Institut_f%C3%BCr_Menschenrechtehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghanahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_on_Human_Rights_and_Administrative_Justicehttp://www.chrajghana.org/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equality_and_Human_Rights_Commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greecehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemalahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman#Guatemalahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyanahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman#Guyanahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitihttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Office_de_la_Protection_du_Citoyen&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hondurashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman#Hondurashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Konghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Opportunities_Commission_(Hong_Kong)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungaryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Commissioner_on_the_Rights_of_National_and_Ethnic_Minorities_(Hungary)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Commissioner_on_the_Rights_of_National_and_Ethnic_Minorities_(Hungary)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission_(India)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Commission_on_Human_Rights_(Indonesia)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Human_Rights_Commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irelandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Human_Rights_and_Equality_Commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commissione_per_i_Diritti_Umani&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaicahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Public_Defender_(Jamaica)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Centre_for_Human_Rights_(Jordan)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman#Kazakhstanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenyahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_National_Commission_on_Human_Rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Koreahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission_of_Koreahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finlandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_nationale_consultative_des_droits_de_l'hommehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(country)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_Institute_for_Human_Rights&action=edit&redlink=1https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsches_Institut_f%C3%BCr_Menschenrechtehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghanahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_on_Human_Rights_and_Administrative_Justicehttp://www.chrajghana.org/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equality_and_Human_Rights_Commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greecehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemalahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman#Guatemalahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyanahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman#Guyanahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitihttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Office_de_la_Protection_du_Citoyen&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hondurashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman#Hondurashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Konghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Opportunities_Commission_(Hong_Kong)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungaryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Commissioner_on_the_Rights_of_National_and_Ethnic_Minorities_(Hungary)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Commissioner_on_the_Rights_of_National_and_Ethnic_Minorities_(Hungary)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission_(India)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Commission_on_Human_Rights_(Indonesia)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Human_Rights_Commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irelandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Human_Rights_and_Equality_Commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commissione_per_i_Diritti_Umani&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaicahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Public_Defender_(Jamaica)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Centre_for_Human_Rights_(Jordan)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman#Kazakhstanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenyahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_National_Commission_on_Human_Rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Koreahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission_of_Korea

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Gosovo("nder "nited #ations 6dministration via "# &esolution 177)

!mbudsperson 'nstitution in Gosovo

Gyrgy=stan

!mbudsman of the Gyrgy= &epublic

Hatvia

&ights? 5efenderHithuania

The 0eimas !mbudsmen

Hu2embourg

%onsultative %ommission of $uman &ights (Hu2embourg)

/acedonia

$uman &ights !mbudsman of /acedonia

/adagascar

#ational $uman &ights %ommission (/adagascar)

/alai

/alai $uman &ights %ommission

/alaysia$uman &ights %ommission of /alaysia(0"$6G6/)

/aldives

$uman &ights %ommission of the /aldives

/ali

%ommission nationale consultative des droits de lIhomme (/ali)

/auritania

%ommissariat au2 5roits de lI$omme, a la Hutte contre la -auvretC et lI'nsertion

(/auritania)

/auritius

#ational $uman &ights %ommission (/auritius)

/e2ico

#ational $uman &ights %ommission (/e2ico)

/oldova

%entre for $uman &ights of /oldova

/ongolia

#ational $uman &ights %ommission (/ongolia)

/ontenegro

!ffice of the !mbudsman of the &epublic of /ontenegro

/orocco

#ational $uman &ights %ouncil

/yanmar(Burma)/yanmar #ational $uman &ights %ommission

#amibia

!ffice of the !mbudsman (#amibia)

#epal

#ational $uman &ights %ommission (#epal)

#etherlands

;ual Treatment %ommission (#etherlands)

#e ealand

$uman &ights %ommission($&%)

#icaragua

$uman &ights -rocurator(Procuradura para la Defensa de los Derec"os!u#anos)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman#Kosovohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ombudsman_of_the_Kyrgyz_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latviahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Seimas_Ombudsmen&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourghttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consultative_Commission_of_Human_Rights_(Luxembourg)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Macedoniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Human_Rights_Commission_(Madagascar)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawihttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malawi_Human_Rights_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Commission_of_Malaysiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldiveshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human_Rights_Commission_of_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malihttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commission_nationale_consultative_des_droits_de_l%E2%80%99homme_(Mali)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commissariat_aux_Droits_de_l%E2%80%99Homme,_a_la_Lutte_contre_la_Pauvret%C3%A9_et_l%E2%80%99Insertion_(Mauritania)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commissariat_aux_Droits_de_l%E2%80%99Homme,_a_la_Lutte_contre_la_Pauvret%C3%A9_et_l%E2%80%99Insertion_(Mauritania)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritiushttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Human_Rights_Commission_(Mauritius)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission_(Mexico)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldovahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Centre_for_Human_Rights_of_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoliahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission_(Mongolia)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrohttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Ombudsman_of_the_Republic_of_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moroccohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar_National_Human_Rights_Commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Ombudsman_(Namibia)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission_(Nepal)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Equal_Treatment_Commission_(Netherlands)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Commission_(New_Zealand)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaraguahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman#Nicaraguahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman#Kosovohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ombudsman_of_the_Kyrgyz_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latviahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Seimas_Ombudsmen&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourghttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consultative_Commission_of_Human_Rights_(Luxembourg)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Macedoniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Human_Rights_Commission_(Madagascar)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawihttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malawi_Human_Rights_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Commission_of_Malaysiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldiveshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human_Rights_Commission_of_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malihttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commission_nationale_consultative_des_droits_de_l%E2%80%99homme_(Mali)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commissariat_aux_Droits_de_l%E2%80%99Homme,_a_la_Lutte_contre_la_Pauvret%C3%A9_et_l%E2%80%99Insertion_(Mauritania)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commissariat_aux_Droits_de_l%E2%80%99Homme,_a_la_Lutte_contre_la_Pauvret%C3%A9_et_l%E2%80%99Insertion_(Mauritania)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritiushttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Human_Rights_Commission_(Mauritius)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission_(Mexico)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldovahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Centre_for_Human_Rights_of_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoliahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission_(Mongolia)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrohttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Ombudsman_of_the_Republic_of_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moroccohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar_National_Human_Rights_Commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Ombudsman_(Namibia)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission_(Nepal)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Equal_Treatment_Commission_(Netherlands)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Commission_(New_Zealand)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaraguahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman#Nicaragua

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#iger

#igerien #ational %ommission on $uman &ights and Fundamental Hiberties

#igeria

#ational $uman &ights %ommission (#igeria)

#orthern 'reland ("G)

#orthern 'reland $uman &ights %ommission(#'$&%)#oray

#oregian %entre for $uman &ights(0hortform name: 0/&)

'srael

-alestinian 'ndependent %ommission for %iti=en?s &ights

-anama

5efensorDa del -ueblo de la &epKblica de -anamL

-araguay

5efensorDa del -ueblo de la &epKblica del -araguay

-eru

-ublic 5efender(Defensora del Pueblo)

-hilippines%ommission on $uman &ights (-hilippines)

-oland

%ommissioner for %ivil &ights -rotection (ombudsman)

-ortugal

-rovedor de JustiMa

-uerto &ico

!ficina del -rocurador del %iudadano

Natar

#ational %ommittee for $uman &ights (Natar)

&omania

!mbudsman (6vocatul -oporului)

&ussia

%ommissioner on $uman &ights in the &ussian Federation

&anda

#ational %ommission for $uman &ights (&anda)

0aint Hucia

!ffice of the -arliamentary %ommissioner (0t Hucia)

0cotland ("G)

0cottish $uman &ights %ommission(0$&%) see also &reat 'ritain

0enegal

0enegalese %ommittee for $uman &ights0erbia

!ffice of the !mbudsman of the &epublic of 0erbia

0ierra Heone

$uman &ights %ommission of 0ierra Heone

0lovakia

0lovak #ational %entre for $uman &ights

0lovenia

$uman &ights !mbudsman (0lovenia)

0outh 6frica

0outh 6frican $uman &ights %ommission(06$&%)

%ommission for the -romotion and -rotection of the &ights of %ultural,&eligious and Hinguistic %ommunities(%&H &ights %ommission)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerien_National_Commission_on_Human_Rights_and_Fundamental_Libertieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission_(Nigeria)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Irelandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Human_Rights_Commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Centre_for_Human_Rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian_Independent_Commission_for_Citizen%27s_Rights&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Defensor%C3%ADa_del_Pueblo_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Panam%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Defensor%C3%ADa_del_Pueblo_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_del_Paraguay&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman#Peruhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_on_Human_Rights_(Philippines)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Ricohttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oficina_del_Procurador_del_Ciudadano&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Committee_for_Human_Rights_(Qatar)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Commission_for_Human_Rights_(Rwanda)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Luciahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Parliamentary_Commissioner_(St_Lucia)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotlandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Human_Rights_Commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Senegalese_Committee_for_Human_Rights&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Ombudsman_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human_Rights_Commission_of_Sierra_Leone&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slovak_National_Centre_for_Human_Rights&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloveniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human_Rights_Ombudsman_(Slovenia)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Human_Rights_Commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_for_the_Promotion_and_Protection_of_the_Rights_of_Cultural,_Religious_and_Linguistic_Communitieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_for_the_Promotion_and_Protection_of_the_Rights_of_Cultural,_Religious_and_Linguistic_Communitieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerien_National_Commission_on_Human_Rights_and_Fundamental_Libertieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission_(Nigeria)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Irelandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Human_Rights_Commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Centre_for_Human_Rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian_Independent_Commission_for_Citizen%27s_Rights&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Defensor%C3%ADa_del_Pueblo_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Panam%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Defensor%C3%ADa_del_Pueblo_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_del_Paraguay&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman#Peruhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_on_Human_Rights_(Philippines)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Ricohttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oficina_del_Procurador_del_Ciudadano&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Committee_for_Human_Rights_(Qatar)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Commission_for_Human_Rights_(Rwanda)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Luciahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Parliamentary_Commissioner_(St_Lucia)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotlandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Human_Rights_Commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Senegalese_Committee_for_Human_Rights&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Ombudsman_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human_Rights_Commission_of_Sierra_Leone&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slovak_National_Centre_for_Human_Rights&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloveniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human_Rights_Ombudsman_(Slovenia)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Human_Rights_Commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_for_the_Promotion_and_Protection_of_the_Rights_of_Cultural,_Religious_and_Linguistic_Communitieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_for_the_Promotion_and_Protection_of_the_Rights_of_Cultural,_Religious_and_Linguistic_Communities

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%ommission for Eender ;uality(%E;)

-ublic -rotector

0pain

5efensor del -ueblo (!mbudsman)

0ri Hanka

#ational $uman &ights %ommission (0ri Hanka)0udan

0outhern 0udan $uman &ights %ommission

0eden

-arliamentary !mbudsman(J!)

%hildren?s !mbudsman (0eden)(B!)

5iscrimination !mbudsman (0eden)(5!)

0it=erland

Federal %ommission against &acism (0it=erland)

Tan=ania

%ommission for $uman &ights and Eood Eovernance (Tan=ania)

Thailand#ational $uman &ights %ommission (Thailand)

Timor Heste

!ffice of the -rovedor for $uman &ights and Justice (Timor Heste)

Togo

#ational $uman &ights %ommission (Togo)

Trinidad and Tobago

!ffice of the !mbudsman of Trinidad and Tobago

Tunisia

$igher %ommittee on $uman &ights and Fundamental Freedoms (Tunisia)

"ganda

"ganda $uman &ights %ommission("$&%)

"kraine

%ommissioner for $uman &ights

"nited Gingdom

see &reat 'ritain Nort"ern )reland $cotland

"nited 0tates

"nited 0tates %ommission on %ivil &ights

"=bekistan

6uthori=ed -erson of the *li+ ,alis of the &epublic of "=bekistan for $uman

&ights(!mbudsman)

4ene=uela5efensorDa del -ueblo (4ene=uela)

ambia

-ermanent $uman &ights %ommission (ambia)

Regional groupings of NHRIs[edit]

'nternational !mbudsman 'nstitute

#etork of 6frican #ational $uman &ights 'nstitutions(#6#$&')

6sia -acific Forumof #ational $uman &ights 'nstitutions (6-F)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_for_Gender_Equalityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Protectorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Human_Rights_Commission_(Sri_Lanka)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_Sudan_Human_Rights_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerlandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Federal_Commission_against_Racism_(Switzerland)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commission_for_Human_Rights_and_Good_Governance_(Tanzania)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission_(Thailand)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Lestehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_Provedor_for_Human_Rights_and_Justice_(Timor_Leste)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togohttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Human_Rights_Commission_(Togo)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobagohttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Ombudsman_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Higher_Committee_on_Human_Rights_and_Fundamental_Freedoms_(Tunisia)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda_Human_Rights_Commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman#Ukrainehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuelahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Defensor%C3%ADa_del_Pueblo_(Venezuela)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permanent_Human_Rights_Commission_(Zambia)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_human_rights_institutions&action=edit&section=2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Ombudsman_Institutehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_of_African_National_Human_Rights_Institutionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Forumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_for_Gender_Equalityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Protectorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Human_Rights_Commission_(Sri_Lanka)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_Sudan_Human_Rights_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerlandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Federal_Commission_against_Racism_(Switzerland)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commission_for_Human_Rights_and_Good_Governance_(Tanzania)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission_(Thailand)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Lestehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_Provedor_for_Human_Rights_and_Justice_(Timor_Leste)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togohttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Human_Rights_Commission_(Togo)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobagohttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Ombudsman_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Higher_Committee_on_Human_Rights_and_Fundamental_Freedoms_(Tunisia)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda_Human_Rights_Commissionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman#Ukrainehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuelahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Defensor%C3%ADa_del_Pueblo_(Venezuela)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permanent_Human_Rights_Commission_(Zambia)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_human_rights_institutions&action=edit&section=2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Ombudsman_Institutehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_of_African_National_Human_Rights_Institutionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Forum

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;uropean Eroup of #ational $uman &ights 'nstitutions

#etork of #ational 'nstitutions in the 6mericas

Sub-national human rights institutions[edit]6ustralia

6nti5iscrimination Board of #e 0outh Wales

4ictorian ;ual !pportunity and $uman &ights %ommission

;ual !pportunity %ommission (0outh 6ustralia)

;ual !pportunity %ommission (Western 6ustralia)

6nti5iscrimination %ommission Nueensland

!ffice of 6nti5iscrimination %ommissioner (Tasmania)

$uman &ights %ommission (6ustralian %apital Territory)

#orthern Territory 6nti5iscrimination %ommission

%anada6lberta $uman &ights and %iti=enship %ommission

British %olumbia $uman &ights Tribunal

!ntario $uman &ights %ommission

"nited Gingdom

The three "G bodies (Ereat Britain, #orthern 'reland, 0cotland) are listed above

as they are each recognised as #$&'s.

0pain

%atalonia:0Dndic de Ereuges(!mbudsman)

0outh Gorea

-rovincial and /etropolis level

-rovincial $uman &ights -romotion %ommission (0outh %hungcheong-rovince)

-rovincial $uman &ights -romotion %ommission (Eangon -rovince)

0eoul $uman &ights %ommission

$uman &ights !mbudsman (Eang

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The US Commission on Civil Rightsis historically a bipartisan, independent

commission of the ".0. federal government, created in O8, that is charged ith the

responsibility for investigating, reporting on, and making recommendations concerning

civil rightsissues that face the nation.

Contents

hide*

%ommissioners

1 $istory

o 1. Hist of %hairpersons, O8Ppresent

3 %ommission structure

7 %ivil &ights Watch 5og

8 &eferences

9 Further reading

;2ternal links

Commissioners[edit]

The %ommission is composed of eight %ommissioners. Four are appointed by the

-resident of the "nited 0tates, to by the -resident -ro Tempore of the 0enateand to

by the 0peaker of the $ouse of &epresentatives.

5uring the -residency of Eeorge W. Bush, 5emocrats critici=ed the panel for becoming

dominated by conservatives after to &epublicancommissioners reregistered as

independents and -resident Bush appointed additional &epublican members.

6s of July 1+7, the members of the %ommission are:

/artin &. %astro, %hair (5) Q -resident and %;! of %astro 0ynergies, HH%

(appointed by -resident !bama, January 1+).

Eail $eriot(') Q "niversity of 0an 5iegola professor@ alternate delegate to the

1+++ &epublican %onvention (appointed by 0enate, February 1++.

&eappointed, 5ecember 1+3).

-eter #. Girsano(&) Q %leveland attorney and former member of the#ational

Habor &elations Board(appointed by -resident Bush, 5ecember 1++9). Term

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights#mw-headhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights#p-searchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights#p-searchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights#Commissionershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights#Historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights#List_of_Chairpersons.2C_1958-presenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights#Commission_structurehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights#Civil_Rights_Watch_Doghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights#Referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights#Further_readinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights#External_linkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights&action=edit&section=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representativeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bushhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin_R._Castro&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gail_Heriot&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_San_Diegohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_N._Kirsanowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Boardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Boardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights#mw-headhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights#p-searchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights#Commissionershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights#Historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights#List_of_Chairpersons.2C_1958-presenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights#Commission_structurehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights#Civil_Rights_Watch_Doghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights#Referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights#Further_readinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights#External_linkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights&action=edit&section=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representativeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bushhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin_R._Castro&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gail_Heriot&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_San_Diegohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_N._Kirsanowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Boardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Board

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;2pired in #ovember 1+3. &eappointed to "0%%& by John Boehner,0peaker

of the "0 $ouse of &epresentatives in 1+3.

5avid Gladney(5) Q Hayer in private solo practice in &eno, #4.

&oberta 6chtenberg(5) Q %orporate 6dvisor in -ublic -olicy and %alifornia0tate "niversity Trustee (appointed by -resident !bama, January 1+).

/ichael Raki(5) Q 0an Francisco attorney and former member of the 0an

Francisco Board of 0upervisors (reappointed by %ongress in 6pril 1+).

Garen #arasaki(') consultant and former -resident and ;2ecutive 5irector of

the 6sian 6merican Justice %enter (appointed by -resident !bama, July 1+7).*

-atricia TimmonsEoodson former 6ssociate Justice of the#orth %arolina

0upreme %ourt(appointed by -resident !bama, July 1+7).*

Histor![edit]

The %ommission as created by the %ivil &ights 6ct of O8,hich as signed into

la by -resident 5ight 5. ;isenhoerin response to a recommendation by an ad "oc

-residentIs %ommittee on %ivil &ights. 'n calling for a permanent commission, that

committee stated:

A'n a democratic society, the systematic, critical revie of social needs and public

policy is a fundamental necessity. This is especially true of a field like civil rights,here the problems are enduring, and range idely and here* ... a temporary,

sporadic approach can never finally solve these problems.

A#ohere in the federal government in there an agency charged ith the continuous

appraisal of the status of civil rights, and the efficiency of the machinery ith hich e

hope to improve that status.... 6 permanent %ommission could perform an invaluable

function by collecting data.... "ltimately, this ould make possible a periodic audit of

the e2tent to hich our civil rights are secure.... The %ommission should also* serve*

as a clearing house and focus of coordination for the many private, state, and local

agencies orking in the civil rights field, and thus* ould be invaluable to them and to

the federal government.

A6 permanent %ommission on %ivil &ights should point all of its ork toard regular

reports hich ould include recommendations for action in ensuing periods. 't should

lay plans for dealing ith broad civil rights problems .... 't should also investigate and

make recommendations ith respect to special civil rights problems.A 1*

6s then0enator and /a

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0ince the O8 6ct, the %ommission has been reauthori=ed and reconfigured by the

".0. %ommission on %ivil &ights 6cts of OP3 and OO and the %ivil &ights

%ommission 6mendments 6ct of OO7.

0oon after the passage of the O8 6ct, the thensi2member, bipartisan %ommission,

consisting of John 6. $annah, -resident of /ichigan 0tate "niversity@ &obert 0torey,5ean of the 0outhern /ethodist "niversity Ha 0chool@ Father Theodore $esburgh,

-resident of the "niversity of #otre 5ame@ John 0teart Battle, former governor of

4irginia@;rnest Wilkins, a 5epartment of Habor attorney@ and 5oyle ;. %arlton, former

governor of Florida, set about to assemble a record.

Their first pro

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'n OP -resident &onald &eaganappointed %larence /. -endleton, Jr., as the first

black chairman of the %ommission. 6$oard "niversitygraduate, he as a

conservative ho opposed affirmative actionand many of the %ommission?s activities.

-endleton reduced its staff and programs.7*$e served until his death in OPP.

'n OP3, &eagan named to the commission ;sther Buckley(O7P1+3), a $ispanicscience teacher at /artin $igh 0choolin Haredo, Te2as, ho served on to occasions

as chairman of the Webb %ounty&epublican -arty. Buckley left the commission in

OO1.8*9*

!n 0eptember 8, 1++, then %ommissioner Eail $eriot testified about the agency?s

value on the 8+th anniversary since the passage of the %ivil &ights 6ct of O8. $eriot

told the 0enate %ommittee on the Judiciary:

A'f the value of a federal agency could be calculated on a per dollar basis, it ould not

surprise me to find the %ommission on %ivil &ights to be among the best investments

%ongress ever made. /y backoftheenvelope calculation is that the %ommission noaccounts for less than >1+++th of percent of the federal budget@ back in the late O8+s

its si=e ould have been roughly similar. 6nd yet its impact has been dramatic.A*

'n more recent years, %ongress relied on a commission report to enact the 6mericans

ith 5isabilities 6ctin OO+. 'n 1++P, -resident Eeorge W. Bushannounced that he

ould oppose the proposed#ative $aaiian Eovernment &eorgani=ation 6ctshortly

after the commission issued a report recommending re

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The eight commissioners serve si2year staggered terms. Four are appointed by the

-resident, to by the -resident -ro Tempore of the 0enate and to by the 0peaker of

the $ouse of &epresentatives. #o more than four %ommissioners can be of the same

political party. 'n addition, neither the to 0enate appointees nor the to $ouse

appointees may be of the same political party. With the concurrence of a ma

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