National Incident National Incident Management SystemManagement System

Dr. Jack W. SnyderDr. Jack W. SnyderEnvironmental Health Outreach PanelEnvironmental Health Outreach Panel

Tallahassee, FloridaTallahassee, FloridaDecember 6, 2004December 6, 2004

snyderj@mail.nlm.nih.govsnyderj@mail.nlm.nih.gov

Dr. Jack W. SnyderDr. Jack W. Snyder

Associate Director Associate Director

National Library of MedicineNational Library of Medicine

National IncidentNational IncidentManagement SystemManagement System

Homeland Security Presidential Directive Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD) – 5 (Management of Domestic (HSPD) – 5 (Management of Domestic Incidents) (February 28, 2003)Incidents) (February 28, 2003)

Initial National Response Plan (September 30, Initial National Response Plan (September 30, 2003)2003)

National Incident Management System (March National Incident Management System (March 1, 2004)1, 2004)

Letter from DHS to State Governors Letter from DHS to State Governors (September 8, 2004)(September 8, 2004)

Homeland Security Presidential Homeland Security Presidential Directive - 5Directive - 5

““To prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover To prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other from terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies, the U.S. government shall establish a emergencies, the U.S. government shall establish a single, comprehensive approach to domestic incident single, comprehensive approach to domestic incident management. In these efforts, with regard to management. In these efforts, with regard to domestic incidents, the U.S. government treats crisis domestic incidents, the U.S. government treats crisis management and consequence management as a management and consequence management as a single, integrated function, rather than two separate single, integrated function, rather than two separate functions. The Secretary of Homeland Security is the functions. The Secretary of Homeland Security is the principal Federal official for domestic incident principal Federal official for domestic incident management.”management.”

Initial National Response PlanInitial National Response Plan

Bridging document between existing, operative Bridging document between existing, operative federal plans and a “full” NRPfederal plans and a “full” NRP

National Homeland Security Operations Center National Homeland Security Operations Center (HSOC) is primary hub(HSOC) is primary hub

Interagency Incident Management Group (IIMG)Interagency Incident Management Group (IIMG) Assistant to President for Homeland Security Assistant to President for Homeland Security

responsible for interagency coordinationresponsible for interagency coordination Principal Federal Official can represent DHS Principal Federal Official can represent DHS

Secretary at incident and in Joint Field OfficeSecretary at incident and in Joint Field Office

National IncidentNational IncidentManagement SystemManagement System

““NIMS strengthens America’s response capabilities NIMS strengthens America’s response capabilities by identifying and integrating core elements and best by identifying and integrating core elements and best practices for all responders and incident managers. practices for all responders and incident managers. Through a balance between flexibility and Through a balance between flexibility and standardization, and use of common doctrine, standardization, and use of common doctrine, terminology, concepts, principles, and processes, terminology, concepts, principles, and processes, execution during a real incident will be consistent and execution during a real incident will be consistent and seamless. Responders will be able to focus more on seamless. Responders will be able to focus more on response, instead of organizing the response, and response, instead of organizing the response, and teamwork and assignments among all authorities will teamwork and assignments among all authorities will be clearly enhanced.” - Tom Ridgebe clearly enhanced.” - Tom Ridge

National Incident National Incident Management SystemManagement System

““Creates a unified chain of command for Creates a unified chain of command for federal, state, and local lines of government federal, state, and local lines of government for incident response”for incident response”

Mgmt. template for “one mission, one fight”Mgmt. template for “one mission, one fight” Attempt to bring consistency to incident mgmtAttempt to bring consistency to incident mgmt Implementation required for continued federal Implementation required for continued federal

assistance for “grants, contracts, and other assistance for “grants, contracts, and other activities”activities”

National IncidentNational IncidentManagement SystemManagement System

First-ever federal attempt at standardized First-ever federal attempt at standardized approach and common languageapproach and common language

““Principal Federal Official” supercedes Principal Federal Official” supercedes “Federal Coordinating Officer”“Federal Coordinating Officer”

Key to a safe and secure future? OR Unfunded Key to a safe and secure future? OR Unfunded mandate?mandate?

Key Features of NIMSKey Features of NIMS

Incident Command System (ICS)Incident Command System (ICS) Communications & Information ManagementCommunications & Information Management PreparednessPreparedness Joint Information System (JIS)Joint Information System (JIS) NIMS Integration Center (NIC)NIMS Integration Center (NIC)

Five Essential Functions of ICSFive Essential Functions of ICS

CommandCommand OperationsOperations Planning Planning LogisticsLogistics

Finance & AdministrationFinance & Administration

INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEMINCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM

Most incidents are managed locallyMost incidents are managed locally Must accord with standard set of ICS Must accord with standard set of ICS

organizations, doctrine & proceduresorganizations, doctrine & procedures Modular, scalable, interactive management Modular, scalable, interactive management

components, measurable objectivescomponents, measurable objectives Common terminology, standards, proceduresCommon terminology, standards, procedures Should not disrupt existing operationsShould not disrupt existing operations

INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEMINCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM

User friendly and widely applicableUser friendly and widely applicable Common terms for organizational functions, Common terms for organizational functions,

resource descriptions & incident facilitiesresource descriptions & incident facilities Reliance on incident action plans (IAPs)Reliance on incident action plans (IAPs) Span of control (3 to 7 subordinates)Span of control (3 to 7 subordinates) Pre-designated incident locations & facilitiesPre-designated incident locations & facilities

INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEMINCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM

Comprehensive resource managementComprehensive resource management Integrated communications enable common Integrated communications enable common

situational awarenesssituational awareness Establishment & Transfer of CommandEstablishment & Transfer of Command Chain of Command and Unity of CommandChain of Command and Unity of Command Accountability, Deployment, Info MgmtAccountability, Deployment, Info Mgmt

COMMANDCOMMAND

Single Command ICSingle Command IC Single jurisdictionSingle jurisdiction IC has sole responsibility for objectives & strategyIC has sole responsibility for objectives & strategy

Unified CommandUnified Command Multijurisdictional or multiagencyMultijurisdictional or multiagency Joint determination of objectives, strategies, plansJoint determination of objectives, strategies, plans

COMMANDCOMMAND

Incident Commander plus Command StaffIncident Commander plus Command Staff Public Information OfficerPublic Information Officer Safety OfficerSafety Officer Liaison OfficerLiaison Officer

General StaffGeneral Staff Operation Section ChiefOperation Section Chief Planning Section ChiefPlanning Section Chief Logistics Section ChiefLogistics Section Chief Finance/Administration Section ChiefFinance/Administration Section Chief

OPERATIONSOPERATIONS

Hazard reduction, saving lives, situation Hazard reduction, saving lives, situation control, restoration of normal operationscontrol, restoration of normal operations

Section Chief-Branches-Divisions-GroupsSection Chief-Branches-Divisions-Groups ResourcesResources

Single Resources (individual items)Single Resources (individual items) Task Forces (any combination)Task Forces (any combination) Strike Teams (set number)Strike Teams (set number)

PLANNINGPLANNING

Collect-evaluate-disseminate info/intelligenceCollect-evaluate-disseminate info/intelligence Units – Resources, Situation, Demobilization, Units – Resources, Situation, Demobilization,

Documentation, Technical SpecialistsDocumentation, Technical Specialists Develops Incident Action Plan (IAP)Develops Incident Action Plan (IAP)

Incident Objectives, Organization ChartIncident Objectives, Organization Chart Assignment List, Communication PlanAssignment List, Communication Plan Logistics Plan, Responder Medical PlanLogistics Plan, Responder Medical Plan Incident Map, Health and Safety PlanIncident Map, Health and Safety Plan

LOGISTICS, FINANCELOGISTICS, FINANCE

LogisticsLogistics Responsible for all support requirementsResponsible for all support requirements Units include Supply, Food, Ground Support, Units include Supply, Food, Ground Support,

Communications, Facilities, MedicalCommunications, Facilities, Medical Finance/AdministrationFinance/Administration

Responsible for cost analysis and “burn rates”Responsible for cost analysis and “burn rates” Units include Compensation/Claims, Procurement, Units include Compensation/Claims, Procurement,

Cost, and TimeCost, and Time

PreparednessPreparedness

Cycle of planning, training, equipping, Cycle of planning, training, equipping, exercising, evaluating, correcting & mitigatingexercising, evaluating, correcting & mitigating

Involves “Organizations” & “Programs”Involves “Organizations” & “Programs” ““Plans” – “Operational Core of Preparedness”Plans” – “Operational Core of Preparedness”

Emergency Operations Plan (EOP)Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Procedures – Overview, SOP, FOG & Job AidProcedures – Overview, SOP, FOG & Job Aid Preparedness PlansPreparedness Plans Corrective Action and Mitigation PlansCorrective Action and Mitigation Plans Recovery PlansRecovery Plans

PreparednessPreparedness

Training & Exercises – NIMS Integration Ctr.Training & Exercises – NIMS Integration Ctr. Personnel Qualification & CertificationPersonnel Qualification & Certification Equipment CertificationEquipment Certification Mutual Aid AgreementsMutual Aid Agreements Publication ManagementPublication Management

Resource ManagementResource Management

Personnel-teams-facilities-equipment-suppliesPersonnel-teams-facilities-equipment-supplies Establish-activate-dispatch-deactivate/recallEstablish-activate-dispatch-deactivate/recall CONCEPTS: Uniform methods-mutual aid-CONCEPTS: Uniform methods-mutual aid-

credentialing-coordinationcredentialing-coordination PRINCIPLES: Advance planning-PRINCIPLES: Advance planning-

identification-ordering-categorizing-pre-identification-ordering-categorizing-pre-incident agreements-acquisition procedure-incident agreements-acquisition procedure-MIS-tracking systemsMIS-tracking systems

Essential Resource Management Essential Resource Management ProcessesProcesses

Must Identify, Type, Certify, Credential, Must Identify, Type, Certify, Credential, Inventory, Identify Requirements, Order, Inventory, Identify Requirements, Order, Acquire, Mobilize, Track, Report, Acquire, Mobilize, Track, Report, Recover, and ReimburseRecover, and Reimburse

Must Establish NIM Resource Typing Must Establish NIM Resource Typing System & Nat’l Typing Protocol with System & Nat’l Typing Protocol with Data Elements & Definitions Data Elements & Definitions

Communication & Information Communication & Information ManagementManagement

Common Operating Picture Accessible Across Common Operating Picture Accessible Across Jurisdictions and Functional AgenciesJurisdictions and Functional Agencies

Common Terminology, Communications and Data Common Terminology, Communications and Data Standards, and Systems InteroperabilityStandards, and Systems Interoperability

NIMSIC Framework Guides Info Systems with: NIMSIC Framework Guides Info Systems with: Documented Policies (pre-incident, integration, Documented Policies (pre-incident, integration,

networks, use of technology)networks, use of technology) Interoperability Standards (notification, status, Interoperability Standards (notification, status,

analytical data, geospatial info, wireless, ID & analytical data, geospatial info, wireless, ID & authentication, nat’l database of incident reports authentication, nat’l database of incident reports

Supporting TechnologiesSupporting Technologies

Interoperability, Compatibility, Support, Interoperability, Compatibility, Support, Standards, Needs Assessments and Priorities, Standards, Needs Assessments and Priorities, Strategic R&D PlanningStrategic R&D Planning

Three Principal Activities:Three Principal Activities: Operational Scientific Support (event-driven)Operational Scientific Support (event-driven) Technical Standards Support (based on Technical Standards Support (based on

performance measurement, consensus with SDOs, performance measurement, consensus with SDOs, test and evaluation by objective experts, technical test and evaluation by objective experts, technical guidelines for training emergency responders)guidelines for training emergency responders)

R&D to solve operational problems R&D to solve operational problems

Standards Development Standards Development OrganizationsOrganizations

National Institute of JusticeNational Institute of Justice Nat’l Institute for Standards and TechnologyNat’l Institute for Standards and Technology Nat’l Inst. for Occupational Safety and HealthNat’l Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health American National Standards InstituteAmerican National Standards Institute American Society for Testing and MaterialsAmerican Society for Testing and Materials National Fire Protection AssociationNational Fire Protection Association

Ongoing Management & Ongoing Management & MaintenanceMaintenance

NIMS Integration Center – Responsibilities:NIMS Integration Center – Responsibilities: Education & awarenessEducation & awareness Compatibility of standardsCompatibility of standards Publication of guidance and templatesPublication of guidance and templates Assessment criteria, compliance requirements & Assessment criteria, compliance requirements &

timelinestimelines Training requirements, standards, guidelines, Training requirements, standards, guidelines,

protocols & curriculaprotocols & curricula

Ongoing Management & Ongoing Management & MaintenanceMaintenance

NIMS Integration Center – Responsibilities:NIMS Integration Center – Responsibilities: Publication management systemPublication management system Review of discipline-specific PM requirementsReview of discipline-specific PM requirements Credentialing standards for ER & IM personnelCredentialing standards for ER & IM personnel Credentialing documentation & database systemCredentialing documentation & database system Establishing standards for performance, Establishing standards for performance,

compatibility, and interoperability of IM compatibility, and interoperability of IM equipment and systems equipment and systems

Ongoing Management & Ongoing Management & MaintenanceMaintenance

NIMS Integration Center – Responsibilities:NIMS Integration Center – Responsibilities: Develop national standards for typing of resourcesDevelop national standards for typing of resources Facilitate info framework and coordinate Facilitate info framework and coordinate

establishment of technical/technology standards establishment of technical/technology standards for NIMS usersfor NIMS users

Establish repository and clearinghouse for reports, Establish repository and clearinghouse for reports, “lessons learned,” best practices, model structures, “lessons learned,” best practices, model structures, and model processes for NIMS-related functionsand model processes for NIMS-related functions

DHS Letter to GovernorsDHS Letter to Governors

Outlines major steps in FY 2005 “to become Outlines major steps in FY 2005 “to become compliant with NIMS”compliant with NIMS”

Incorporate NIMS into existing training Incorporate NIMS into existing training programs and exercisesprograms and exercises

Ensure that fed preparedness funding supports Ensure that fed preparedness funding supports NIMS implementation at state and local levelsNIMS implementation at state and local levels

Incorporate NIMS into Emergency Operations Incorporate NIMS into Emergency Operations Plans (EOP)Plans (EOP)

DHS Letter to GovernorsDHS Letter to Governors

Promote intrastate mutual aid agreementsPromote intrastate mutual aid agreements Coordinate and provide technical assistance to Coordinate and provide technical assistance to

local entities regarding NIMSlocal entities regarding NIMS Institutionalize the use of the Incident Institutionalize the use of the Incident

Command System (ICS)Command System (ICS) Complete NIMS Awareness Course (IS 700) at Complete NIMS Awareness Course (IS 700) at

http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/is700.asphttp://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/is700.asp

DHS Letter to GovernorsDHS Letter to Governors

Formally recognize the NIMS and adopt the Formally recognize the NIMS and adopt the NIMS principles and policiesNIMS principles and policies

Establish a NIMS baseline by determining Establish a NIMS baseline by determining which NIMS requirements are already metwhich NIMS requirements are already met

Establish a timeframe and develop a strategy Establish a timeframe and develop a strategy for full NIMS implementationfor full NIMS implementation

DHS Letter to GovernorsDHS Letter to Governors

FY 2005 – attempt to comply fully with NIMSFY 2005 – attempt to comply fully with NIMS FY 2006 – leverage assistance to reach full FY 2006 – leverage assistance to reach full

NIMS complianceNIMS compliance FY 2007 – fed assistance conditioned upon FY 2007 – fed assistance conditioned upon

full NIMS compliancefull NIMS compliance For assistance, see For assistance, see http://www.fema.gov/nimshttp://www.fema.gov/nims

Critique of NIMSCritique of NIMS

““Another unfunded mandate . . .”Another unfunded mandate . . .” ““Feds are moving too fast to implement . . .”Feds are moving too fast to implement . . .” ““System lacks clarity . . .”System lacks clarity . . .” ““Insufficient training and funding, especially Insufficient training and funding, especially

for police . . .”for police . . .” ““Implementing 518 measurable requirements Implementing 518 measurable requirements

by FY 2006 is Herculean . . .” (NIMSCAST) by FY 2006 is Herculean . . .” (NIMSCAST) (see 69 (108) Fed Reg 31626 et seq.)(see 69 (108) Fed Reg 31626 et seq.)

“ “How will compliance be determined?”How will compliance be determined?”

Critique of NIMS by Cohen, et al.Critique of NIMS by Cohen, et al.(Am J Pub Health 2004;94:1667-1671)(Am J Pub Health 2004;94:1667-1671)

““The present expansion of BT preparedness programs The present expansion of BT preparedness programs will continue to squander health resources, increase will continue to squander health resources, increase the dangers of accidental or purposeful release of the dangers of accidental or purposeful release of dangerous pathogens, and further undermine efforts dangerous pathogens, and further undermine efforts to enforce international treaties to ban biological and to enforce international treaties to ban biological and chemical weapons. The PH community should chemical weapons. The PH community should acknowledge the substantial harm that BT acknowledge the substantial harm that BT preparedness has already caused, and develop preparedness has already caused, and develop mechanisms to increase our PH resources and to mechanisms to increase our PH resources and to allocate them to address the world’s real health allocate them to address the world’s real health needs.” needs.”