ENVIRONMENT

MANAGEMENT

UNDERSTAND PLANET EARTH

February 28, 2016

National Science Day

ENVIRONMENT

Human

beings

AIR

Water

Land

Flora &

Fauna

Natural

resources

ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION

One planet.

One home.

6 billion reasons

To save it.

JOSEPH T.Ling quotes …

“There is only one land, mass, one atmosphere and a finite

supply of water for us to share, to survive, let alone maintain a

dignified life, requires that we make best and least use of these

resources, if we do not sustain them, they will not sustain us….”

VALUE OF A TREE

The tree that lives for 50 years generates

Rs. 5.3 lakhs worth of Oxygen

Recycles Rs.6.4 lakhs worth of fertility

Facilitates Rs.6.4 lakhs worth of soil erosion control

Creates Rs.10.5 lakhs worth of air pollution control

Provides Rs.5.3 lakhs worth of shelter for birds and animals

Besides, it provides flowers, fruits and timbers.When one tree falls or is felled, we loose

something worth more than Rs.32 lakhs.

Courtesy: Waste Land News

Think Before You Cut a Tree…….!

MASS AFFORESTATION

GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT IN BHEL

Made a Policy of Planting 5% Trees every year

VTPS IN ANDHRA PRADESH

NTPC - RAMAGUNDAM

BHEL TRICHY LAND 3000ACRES

TREE PLANTATION DETAILS

Fully grown trees 7 lakhs

Tree Plantation during 2000 - 2001 1.50 Lakhs

Tree Plantation during

2001-2002 1.50 Lakhs

Tree Plantation during

2002-2003 0.30 lakhs

TOTAL TREES AVAILABLE 10.30 LAKHS

Forests play a crucial role in our environment, and thus

in our life support systems:

FORESTS

Species: Forests provide vital habitat. Rainforests alone are home

to about half of the 5 to 10 million plant and animal species on the

planet. Scientists estimate that there are at least 30,000 as yet

undiscovered plants, most of which are rainforest species.

Air: Forests clean the air we breathe by taking carbon dioxide out of

atmospheric circulation. They also provide oxygen, on which humans

and other species depend.

Water: Trees regulate floods and droughts. They also provide shade

and nutrients that are critical to many river and stream habitats.

Soil: Trees greatly benefit the soil. Tree roots prevent soil erosion. In

addition, trees fall and (unless claimed for firewood) decompose when

they die, adding their nutrients back into the soil.

BIODIVERSITY

Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth. It includes

all living organisms and the ecosystems that sustain

them. It is every organism from the smallest bacteria

to the greatest whale. It is the genes that allow life to

evolve as the world changes. When scientists talk

about biodiversity, it is often broken down into four

different categories;

Species diversity Eco system diversity

Genetic diversity Cultural diversity

As a result of human activity,

we are losing biodiversity at an alarming rate. Already, thousands of

species have disappeared forever.

Extinction is a natural process on Earth. However, as a result of

human interference, the current rate of species extinctions is

occurring at 100 to 1000 times the natural rate. Approximately

10,000 to 25,000 species disappear every year.

Causes of Biodiversity loss;

•Habitat destruction •Introduction of

invasive species

•Pollution •Over Exploitation

WATER

2/3rd of

human

body

7/10th of

world

WATER POLLUTION

Nearly 70 % of India’s water is polluted and unfit for human consumption .

14 rivers in India cater to the need of 85% population

Human and industrial waste, urban runoff, agricultural fertilizers, sewage,

heavy metals and pesticides poison our oceans and contaminate our

rivers and groundwater

Cholera, dysentery and gastroenteritis are responsible for 60% of the total

urban deaths. All these diseases are water-borne and claim a large number of lives every year in spite of better health facilities and

increased expenditure on health.

Huge ground water extractions have caused our water levels to drop

Paving and development prevent groundwater from recharging when it rains

Recycling of treated sewage water for Industrial purposes in MRL, MFL and GMR Vasavi (Chennai).

RAINWATER HARVESTING CHECK DAMS

CHECK DAM

No.

LOCATION CATCHMENT

AREA [Sq m]

ANNUAL RUN-OFF

PER YEAR

[Cum/year]

CD1 HELIPAD SITE 78000 41,184

CD2 ARV SITE 2,27,600 1,20,173

CD3 MHD [SOUTH] 94,600 49,950

CD4 WEST OF CCDP 1,33,000 70,224

CD5 WEST OF CCDP 27,000 14,256

CD6 WEST OF CCDP 37,000 19,536

CD7 WEST OF RPS 1,40,000 73920

CD8 BURIAL GROUND 80,000 42,240

TOTAL 8,17,200 4,31,483

AVERAGE RAIN FALL 880mm

TOTAL CATCHMENT AREA 8,17,200 Sq m

TOTAL RAIN WATER HARVESTED PER YEAR 4,30,000 Cum/year

B. ROOF RAINWATER HARVESTING – R & D BLDG. B.H.E.L.

Roof Rain water Harvesting system was provided in R & D building to

collect around 350 cum of rainwater annually and reuse for Horticulture purpose.

The combustion of fossil fuels and their products is responsible for sizable amount of anthropogenic air pollution, and this problem is particularly acute in urban areas.

Environmental problem of great concern, which is related to sulphur in fossils fuels, is the ACID RAIN.

Acidity in the lakes due to acid rain kills off fish, bacteria and algae, and the aquatic ecosystem collapses into sterility leaving a clear but ultimately dead lake

25 percent of the world’s population living in developed countries consume 80 percent of the world’s energy resources., including fossil fuels. They also emit more greenhouse gases.

According to data released by the International Energy Agency based in Paris, the G-8 countries account for almost half the world’s CO2

emissions which is a green house gas responsible for global warming

AIR

Chlorofluorocarbons (cfcs) and related industrial gases such as nitrous oxide and methane, have thinned the ozone layer in many places.

The original discovery of the hole was in 1984, in 1987 it became the size of the USA

Ultraviolet light passing through the thinning ozone layer can harm many forms of life on Earth, including both humans and animals.

In both cases skin can age quicker and immune systems reduce. Some humans can develop skin cancer and cataracts

THE OZONE LAYER IS A BLANKET OF GAS IN THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE

THAT SHIELDS THE EARTH FROM THE SUN’S HARMFUL ULTRAVIOLET

RAYS

Human activities are intensifying the natural greenhouse effect, as we release billions of tonnes of heat-trapping gases in to the atmosphere. These include:

Carbon dioxide (from industry, cars, deforestation, etc),

Methane (from cattle, landfills, fossil fuel production, etc)

Nitrous oxide (from fertilizers, sewage treatment plants, etc)

Fluorocarbons (from refrigerants and other industrial products).

GLOBAL WARMING

Global warming is another important issue related to human environmental impact

Inevitably, the Earth will respond to global warming in a number of

damaging ways.

* Climate Changes

* Disappearing of plant and animal species

* Raise in Sea Level

Measurements during the past 100 years reveal that sea level has risen by 10 to 25 cms worldwide.

According to a recent article in The Times, by the year 2100,

Indonesia and many of the Pacific Islands will be reduced to

mountain tops.

IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON INDIA

A. AGRICULTURE

Rice yield shall decrease :-

At the rate of 0.71 ton/ha of the minimum mean temperature rises from 18°C to 23°C

At the rate of 0.41 ton/ha if the mean temperature rises from 22°C to 23°C

Wheat:- For a rise of 0.5°C in minimum mean temperature wheat yield could decrease by 0.45 ton/ha

A more generalised estimate is that for a rise in mean temperature of 2°C – 3.5°C, the net revenue loss from farm level activities could be of the order of 9 – 25%

B. FORESTRY

Under the climate change scenario, the net productivity of forests could decline from 5.40 m3/ha to 5.01 m3/ha (Biomass)

C. IMPACT ON COASTAL ZONES

In case of 1 metre rise in sea level,

7 million people could be displaced in Coastal Zones

5,764 square km area could be inundated 4,200 km of roads could be lost

Coastal ecosystems are likely to be seriously effected and bleaching of coral reefs may be observed

D. IMPACT ON WATER RESOURCES

The glaciers in Himalayas could show significant recession.

In the initial period, the average flow of snow fed rivers could go up; however

there shall be significant decline in mean flow of Himalayan rivers by 2030

and large parts of Gangetic plains could come under severe water stress.

Parts of South India are also predicted to come under water stress

HUMAN HEALTH

Malaria and dengue are highly sensitive to climate change and are likely to

spread into new areas.

Water borne diseases, already a cause of concern, could increase rapidly

ENERGY

Currently, most of the energy is produced from Coal, Oil,

Natural Gas, and Uranium.

These energy sources pollute our air and water, change

the Earth’s climate, destroy fragile ecosystems, and

endanger human health.

Energy use – effect on Environment

*Acid rain and mercury pollution from coal power plants damage

forests, wildlife and human health.

*Oil spills and energy-related toxic wastes destroy marine

ecosystems and contaminate soil and water.

*Nuclear power produces radioactive wastes that will poison the

environment for thousand of years.

We can meet our energy needs while protecting human health, our climate, and other natural systems.

The solution is a rapid transition to energy efficiency

and the use of clean, renewable energy sources such as the sun and wind.

Renewable sources of energy are virtually inexhaustible and are

naturally and quickly replenished. They are called “Clean” because

they generate energy without producing pollution.

Solar Photovoltaic (PV)

Solar thermal energy

Wind Power

Biomass

Geothermal power

LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT

It asks three basic question

* Where does the product come from ?

* What is its effect on Environment ?

* Where does it go ?

In LCA, we are looking for Sustainable Development. Any over exploitation of a resource, beyond its regenerative capacity, will ultimately skew the ecological balance.

Ways to mitigate global warming ?

•Energy Conservation & Management.

•Use of clean fuels (5% shift from coal to Gas)

•Use of Renewable Energy resources.

•Management of resources.

•Green Technology.

•Green Life style.

WHO is RESPOSIBLE FOR PROTECTION OF

THIS ENVIRONMENT?

It is the job of the Government to protect their citizens. But

government cannot do the job alone. We need every individual

citizen to help ensure strong environment protection.

Joining together is not a matter of choice – it is a necessity. Let

us use this occasion to remind every citizen, communities,

business and the industry that “the Earth is in our hands”. By

joining together, we can take the common sense steps need to

take – and be proud to pass along a safe, clean world to our

children and our children’s children.