NATIONAL STATE AND DEMOCRACY

Chapter 24.3

WESTERN EUROPE

Signs of expansion of democracy in Western Europe

• Universal male suffrage

• Ministerial responsibility: prime minister is responsible to

popularly elected legislature, not king or president

• England has two-party parliament

• France forms Third Republic

• Italy unites but is torn between North and South

CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

Germany

• Gov’t officials loyal to emperor, not parliament

• Chancellor Otto von Bismarck actively prevented Germany from becoming democracy

• Bismarck loyal to Kaiser William II

• Strongest military and industrial power in Europe (1888-1918)

Austria-Hungary

• Diversity of ethnic groups cause conflict

Russia

• Nicholas II believed czar should rule absolutely

• Russian industrialization created industrial working class

• Socialist parties formed to fight for better working conditions; driven underground by gov’t

• Nicholas II forced to create legislative assembly, Duma

UNITED STATES

• 13th Amendment abolished slavery

• 1860-1914 CE, U.S. becomes industrial-based society

• Iron and steel production best in the world

• Richest 9% own 71% of wealth

• U.S. begins to expand outward

• Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines

• Hawaii

• Americans controlled sugar industry; wanted political power

• Queen Liliuokalani resisted; U.S. sent military to annex Hawaii

INTERNATIONAL RIVALRIES

• Italy, Austria-Hungary, Germany form Triple Alliance

against France

• William II fires Bismarck, takes control of foreign policy

• Cancels treaty with Russia

• France forms treaty with Russia

• Britain feared German power, allied with France and Russia;

formed Triple Entente

Red =

Triple

Alliance

Green =

Triple

Entente

CRISIS IN THE BALKANS

•Austria-Hungary and Russian rivalry

over Balkans is a leading cause to

World War I

•Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia and

Herzegovina, preventing Serbia from

creating a unified Serbian state

• “Powder Keg” of Europe

Balkans

“Powder Keg”