Lesson 5NATIONAL
TRAFFIC INCIDENT MANAGEMENT (TIM) RESPONDER TRAINING PROGRAM
LAW ENFORCEMENT | FIRE | EMS | TRANSPORTATION TOWING & RECOVERY | COMMUNICATIONS
Lesson 5
Lesson 5:Scene Safety
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Lesson 5 Lesson Objectives
At the conclusion of this lesson, participants will be able to:1. Describe how emergency vehicle markings
can improve scene safety2. Describe recommendations for emergency-
vehicle lighting as set forth in the MUTCD3. Describe high-visibility safety apparel
requirements for incident responders
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Lesson 5 Emergency Vehicle Markings
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Lesson 5 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standards
NFPA1901 – Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus (2009)
NFPA 1917 – Standard for Automotive Ambulances (2013) • At least 50% of the rear vertical
surfaces of the apparatus shall be equipped with 6 inch (minimum) retroreflective striping, alternating yellow and red, in a chevron pattern sloping downward and away from the centerline of the vehicle at an angle of 45°
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Lesson 5 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standards
NFPA1901 – Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus (2009)NFPA 1917 – Standard for Automotive Ambulances (2013) • Any door of the apparatus have at least
96 in2 (60 in2 for vertically hinged doors on ambulances)of retroreflective material affixed to the inside of the door
• A 4 inch retroreflective stripe be affixed to at least 50% of the cab and body length on each side and at least 25% of the width of the front of the apparatus
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Lesson 5 Fire Apparatus Vehicle Markings
Photos Courtesy of the City of Oak Creek Fire Department (WI) 5-7
Lesson 5 Law Enforcement Vehicle Markings
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Lesson 5 Law Enforcement Vehicle Markings – New Vs. Old
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Lesson 5 Safety Service Patrol Vehicle Markings
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Lesson 5 Emergency-Vehicle Lighting
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Lesson 5 MUTCD Section 6I.05 – Use of Emergency-Vehicle Lighting
• Though essential for safety, use of too many lights at an incident scene can be distracting and can create confusion for approaching road users
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Lesson 5 MUTCD Section 6I.05 – Use of Emergency-Vehicle Lighting
• Too much lighting also makes it difficult to see other responders operating around vehicles
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Lesson 5 MUTCD Section 6I.05 – Use of Emergency-Vehicle Lighting
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Lesson 5 MUTCD Section 6I.05 – Use of Emergency-Vehicle Lighting
• Once good traffic control is established, the MUTCD recommends reducing the amount of emergency-vehicle lighting– Public safety agencies should examine
their policies on the use of emergency-vehicle lighting with the intent of reducing the use of this lighting as much as possible while not endangering those at the scene
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Lesson 5 Student Activity
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Lesson 5 Student Activity
• What impact did forward-facing lights have?
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Lesson 5 Responder Visibility
MUTCD Section 6D.03 states:All workers, including emergency responders, within the right-of-way of a roadway who are exposed either to traffic (vehicles using the highway for purposes of travel) or to work vehicles and construction equipment SHALL wear high-visibility safety apparel…
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Lesson 5 Driver Reaction and Stopping Distances
At 60 mph:• Vehicle travels 88
feet/second• Reaction distance is
132 feet• Total stopping distance
is 359 feet• Low beam headlights
only illuminate160 feet ahead of the vehicle
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Lesson 5 Typical U.S. Crash Scene
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Lesson 5 Emergency Responder High-Visibility Safety Apparel
• Must meet, and be labeled as meeting one of two standards:– ANSI/ISEA 107, Standard Performance for:
• Class II • Class III
– ANSI/ISEA 207, Public Safety Vests
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Lesson 5 ANSI 107 Class II Safety Vest
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Lesson 5 ANSI 107 Class III Safety Vest – Has Sleeves
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Lesson 5
ANSI 107 Class II Vest ANSI 207 Public Safety Vest
ANSI 107 vs. ANSI 207
Note shorter length to allow access to items on
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Lesson 5 Shortcoming of Wearing No Vest!
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Lesson 5 MUTCD Section 6D.03 Exceptions
• Firefighters or other responders engaged in emergency operations that directly expose them to flame, fire, heat, and/or hazardous materials
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Lesson 5 MUTCD Section 6D.03 Exceptions
• Law enforcement when actively engaged in potentially confrontational law enforcement activities (i.e., tactical operations)
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Lesson 5 Need a Vest Policy?
“If your feet are on the street, your vest is on your chest!”
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Lesson 5 End of Service Life
• According to FHWA and the American Traffic Safety Services Association (ATSSA), high-visibility safety apparel should be replaced when it becomes:– Not visible at 1,000 feet day or
night– Faded – Soiled– Torn – Worn – Dirty – Defaced
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Lesson 5 TIM Timeline
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Lesson 5 Lesson Objectives Review
1. Describe how emergency vehicle markings can improve scene safety
2. Describe recommendations for emergency-vehicle lighting as set forth in the MUTCD
3. Describe high-visibility safety apparel requirements for incident responders
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