NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF PHARMACY
Discipline «Pharmaceutical and medical merchandizing»
Department of Commodity Science
Goods of the limited
pharmaceutical range
The commodities of a limit pharm assortment commodities are considered,
which specific weight in commodity turnover of pharmaceutical institutions very
it is small and makes no more than 1-2%.
At the same time they are necessary goods for the population,
treatment-and-prophylactic establishments, sanitary and epidemiologic
stations, control and analytical laboratories and others/
To these commodities behave:
Mineral waters
Detergents
Cosmetic medical
preparations
Leeches medical
and others
Disinfection and
disinsection
means
Chemical reagents
Mineral waters-
these are the natural or artificial waters containing raised
quantity of mineral or organic substances and possessing
specific physical and chemical properties,
which are used in the treatment-and-prophylactic purposes
The presence of biologically-active substances determines them
curative using for many diseases:
Gastrointestinal tract Buds
Cardiovascular system
At violation of exchange
substances
Cardiovascular system
Livers
Classification of mineral waters
By origin
the natural
The artificial
on a mineralization
(to the general
to the contents
salts, g/l)
Low-mineralized (to 2 g/l)
on
chemical
to composition
Low-mineralized (2-5 g/l)
Average mineralization (5-
15 g/l)
chloride
hydrocarbonate (the
carbonic)
sulphatic
mixed
Brine (35-150 g/l)
on maintenance salts
and gases
Alkaline waters
Sulphureous waters
Lime or earthy waters
Waters of table salt
Iron waters
bitter waters
Chemically indifferent warm sources
Highly mineralized (15-35 g/l)
nitrate
waters of difficult
structure
Classification of mineral waters
On application
Outward application
On a temperature
source
Cold (to t 20 C)
The subthermal (t 20 - 37 ̊ C)
Thermal (t 37-42 ̊ C)
On treatment-and-
prophylactic action
Medical (mineralization of
8-12 g/l)
Medical and dining
rooms (mineralization
of 2-8 g/l)
Dining rooms
(mineralization of 1-2
g/l)
Internal consumption
The hyper thermal
(t of over 42 ̊ C)
Ассортимент и применение минеральных вод
Name of water Country Mineral
ization
g/l
Activity Application
Berezivska Ukraine 0,8 Regulates a gastroenteric
secretion, increases a diuresis
and strengthens a
hematogenesis.
Treatment of
gastrointestinal tract
and urinoexcretory
ways
Миргородская --||-- 2,8 Influences secretion and acidity
of gastric juice, increases bile
allocation, improves a
metabolism.
Treatment of the
digestive system, is
inflammation of gall-
bladder, metabolic
diseases.
Naftusya --||-- 0,8 Increases a diuresis, diminishes
inflammatory processes,
diuretic and selection of bile,
accelerates oxidizing
processes.
Treatment of urological
diseases, inflammations
of a gall bladder,
hepatitises.
Svalava --||-- 9,7 Influences on a gastric
secretion and acidity, dilutes
mucus, strengthens the
leadingout of urinary sand.
Treatment of
gastrointestinal tract,
urinoexcretory ways,
liver, metabolic
disturbances.
Ассортимент и применение минеральных вод
Name of water Country Miner
alizati
on g/l
Activity Application
Truskavetskaya Ukraine 1,2 Regulates a gastroenteric
secretion, increases a
diuresis and strengthens a
hematogenesis.
Treatment of gastrointestinal
tract, operated concerning
ulcerous illness, catarrhs
and gastric ulcers.
Narzan Russian 2,3 Strengthens an intestines
vermicular movement,
promotes dissolution of
phosphates.
Treatment of catarrhs of
stomach, urinary and
respiratory ways, organs of
circulation of blood.
Essentuki
№4 и №17
--||-- 8,3;
11,3
Favourably influences on
the flow of exchange
processes.
Treatment of gastrointestinal
tract, liver, gall-bladder and
urinoexcretory ways, gout
and diabetes.
Borjomi Georgia 6 Like the action " of
«Svalava».
Like the action " of
«Svalava».
Requirements to the mineral waters, poured out
in bottles
For preservation of chemical properties and flavoring qualities
water has to be saturated carbonic acid.
Bottles have to be hermetically corked
Water has to be colourless, transparent,
without a foreign smell and taste
(except characteristic for this water).
For ferruterous waters it is allowed poorly
the expressed yellowish shade
For some waters the insignificant deposit of mineral salts that makes
a reservation the standard on this water is assumed
Packing of mineral waters
Glass bottles Bottles from РЕТ Packing "Tetra-Pak"
0,33; 0,5 l
and other 0,33 – 2,5 l
0,1 – 1 l
Crown caps
(tin covers) and
screw covers with
the natural
(cortical) or
polymeric laying.
Polyethylene corks
or lids with a break ring. Heat sealing
Corking Corking Corking
Marking
Each unit of a retail container with mineral water is marked by a
label, and on packing "Tetra-Pak" marking is put directly on packing
whom have to be specified in Ukrainian:
– name of the enterprise of the manufacturer, his address and trademark;
– name of water and its group;
– mineralization, g/l;
– chemical composition, mg/l (for medical table waters)
– setting of water(table, curatively-table);
– recommendations on curative application;
– suitability term to the use;
– date of overflow;
– capacity, l;
– terms of storage;
– stroke-code of products;
– standard designation;
– sign of accordance (for the certificated products).
Storage of mineral waters
Store bottles with mineral water in horizontal situation
in boxes or stacks to 18 rows in dry aired rooms
at a temperature from 5 to 20 of 0C.
Production in capacities from RET and packing "Tetra-Pak"
it is stacked in the vertical situation no more than 5 ranks high.
Warranty period of storage – 1 year, for ferruterous waters – 4 months.
Portage of mineral waters
Mineral waters transport all types of transport
in accordance with the rules of portage perishable
loads operating on this type of transport.
During loading, portages and
unloading protect products from atmospheric fallouts.
Disinfectants
it is the chemicals applied for
eliminations(disinfestations)
morbific microorganisms on ways
their transition from the source of infection to the organism.
These substances are called as disinfectants.
Disinfection are exposed all products or materials participating
in medical and diagnostic process,
and also rooms and medical equipment.
Classification of methods and means of disinfection
The mechanical
cleaning
damp cleaning
The physical
the thermal
(high and low
temperature, water vapor,
drying, boiling, burning)
The chemical
radiation
(direct sunshine, UF, X-
ray, etc.)
ultrasound
(for preparation of
vaccines)
chlorine and hloraktivny connections
iodine, bromine and their
connections
Surfaceactive
substances
washing
washable
airing
Chemicals in the form of gases and water solutions
acids, peracids and their salts
lyes
alcohols
phenols and
theirderivatives
salts of heavy metals
Requirements to disinfecting solutions
Good solubility
in water
Stability to light
and to oxygen of air
Harmlessness for the person
and animals
Lack of an unpleasant smell
and damaging
actions on materials
Good wettability
Reliable and fast action
on all pathogenic
microorganisms
Classification of chemical disinfectants
Means of the rough
strong disinfection
strongly muddy materials
Means of the thin
soft disinfection
skin
Means of the chemical
disinfection
surgical instruments
air in the closed rooms
to the shoe
to furniture
articles of care of
patients
toilets
insignificantly
muddy linen
to furniture
equipments
lighting devices
Basic assortment of some chemical disinfectants
Hydrogen
peroxide,
3% solution
Alcohol
ethyl,
70% solution
Chloric lime
Neochlorine
Sterilium
Chloroaminu
m B
Lizoformin "Asepsises -
Spetsial"
Aerodezin
2000
Chlorcin
Disinsection means
these are the chemicals applied to destruction of arthropods,
the insects carrying infectious diseases
(pincers, flies, mosquitoes, mosquitoes, cockroaches, housing ants, etc.).
These substances are called as insecticides.
Classification of insecticides
in dependence of their penetration into an organism
The intestinal
(through
the digestive
system)
The contact
(through
the external
covers)
Fumigants
(through
respiratory
ways)
Range of disinsection means
On the basis of
organophosphorus
compounds
dichlophos
On the basis of
dimetildichlor-
venylphosfatas
DDVF
«Neophos»
On the basis diethyltoluamide
and
dimetilphthalates
(DMF)
(repellents)
carbophos
Vofotox SP18
Chlorophos and
etc.
dophlox
«Nephrafos»
«Dichlophos»
«Molemor»
«Carbosol»
«Desmol»
«Rapthor»
«Zansarin»
«Anthikus»
«Rebeftal»
Rephtamid»
Maximal efficiency
at minimum
norms of expense of preparation
Efficiency preservation
under the influence of factors
environment
Rather fast
decomposition in water
and the soil with education
safe substances
The minimum negative
impact on the person
and animals
Absence unpleasant
smell and damaging
operating on materials
Sufficient safety at storage,
eliminating
possibility of poisoning
auxiliary personnel
Main requirements to insecticides
Packing of disinfectants
PACK
drums
for 25, 50, 100 l
glass large bottles
on 20 – 40 l
polyethylene
tanks and bulbs
to 50 л
barrels
from 50 to 275 l
Capacities close hermetically jams, wax,
wrap up a polyvinylchloride film
For a small retail container use plastic bags,
polymeric and glass bottles and banks, aerosol cans, tubas
Marking of disinfectants
name of manufacturer and its trademark;
name of a product and its grade;
number of party and tare place;
production date;
mass of gross and net;
denotation of normative documentation.
Transportation of the disinsection
means
Disinsection means transport all
types of the closed transport according to
requirements of standard documentation of a concrete product
Disinsection means store in hermetically corked container
in the place protected from light,
in the isolated rooms and in the distance
from rooms of storage of any kinds of production.
Bags, drums, boxes with
disinsection means stack
on a wooden flooring in a stack no more than 3,5 m high.
Storage of disinsection means
Cosmetics
Facilities that are used for the care of skin,
it is executed hair, nails, oral cavity
hygienical, medical and preventive
and aesthetic functions.
(ДСТУ 2472 -94)
Classification of cosmetics
To destination
and to structure
the hygienic
On
consistences
liquid (lotions, emulsions,
shampoos, paints,
solvents)
On
sexual and
to the age
to sign
pasty (creams, toothpastes,
body scrubs)
for women
the treatment-and-
prophylactic
the decorative
powdered (powder,
dusting powders,
tooth powders)
for men
for youth
for children
solid (compact powder,
lipsticks, deodorants)
protective( hand
cream, antisun etc.)
medical (applied by the
medical personnel)
theatrical(make-up)
General requirements to cosmetics
Constancy of quality in
flow of warranty term
Safety of all
the ingredients entering
in structure of the cosmetic
means
High degree
efficiency of action
cosmetic
Stability to the action
microorganisms
and to development
oxidizing processes
Esthetic appearance,
the corresponding art
and advertizing registration of packing
Marking consumer
packing of cosmetics
Product name
Production date (year, month)
Period of storage Standard designation
on a product
Number of tone or color
(for the products which are issued
on tones);
Name and address
enterprises of the manufacturer,
its trademark
Packing of cosmetic products
Name of
container
Material Cosmetics Corking
Jars glass, polymeric, cryolite,
metal, combined
creams fatty, hair
preparations, fat blush,
vaseline
Polymeric or metal
covers
Tubas
polymeric, aluminum,
laminatny
creams, toothpastes,
vaseline, etc.
Polymeric dispersers
Cases metal, plastic, combined lipstick, pencils for
eyebrows and eyelids,
paint for eyebrows
Dispersers from the
same materials
Boxes cardboard, plastic, metal,
combined
dental and soapy
powders, powdery
shampoos, powder
The top of box is glued
up by a paper or delays
a cellophane
Bottles glass, porcelain, polymeric liquid creams, lotions,
dental elixirs, liquid
facilities on the care of
skin and hair, nail polish
and other
Ground-in glass corks,
screw-on lids,
dispersers with a
locking cone
Cosmetic products store in pure, well ventilated warehouse with relative
humidity no more than 70% and at a temperature from 50 with to 250 C, direct
sunshine protected from action.
To the location and piling of commodity at storage next requirements are
produced:
- commodities must take place so that round them there was circulation of air and
overhead commodities did not cause spoilage of wares being below;
- - the labels of all commodities must be extrorse;
- - all commodities in jars or small bottles must take place corking up;
- - products have to be stored far from heating devices.
- Warranty period of storage of the majority of cosmetic products at which it
shouldn't be observed noticeable change of quality – 12 months from the moment
of release; powdery and compact products of decorative cosmetics, and also
decorative cosmetics on a fatty basis – 18 months, liquid and biological creams –
6 months.
Storage of cosmetic products
Leeches (Hirudinea) – class of invertebrates of animals of type of annlidess,
that is divided by 2 subclasses - old leeches and real. The body of leech is extended
(to 150 mm), dense, flat or
cylindrical, greenish, brown or black color.
2 forms are known:
Leeches medical
pharmaceutical the medical
They differ in colouringand
by the form of different lines on a body
Leeches medical, used in medical aims,
Ukraine Leech medical
Европа Bloodsucker dappled
Japan Bloodsucker
Japanese
Storage of bloodsuckers
Leeches medical keep in a clean, light apartment,
avoiding direct sunbeams at an optimal temperature
18-200 С. Indoors any smells aren't allowed.
The container has to be pure, convenient for the washing, harmless.
It is better to use 3-5 one-liter glass jars
with a wide throat or open cylindrical vessels.
For storage of bloodsuckers use pure,
defended (two days) tap water,
which change daily.
In a 3-one-liter jar place from 50 to 100 individuals.
At the disease of leeches(languor) and in hot weather water
change twice in a day.
Expiration date of bloodsuckers: before preservation of biological full value.