NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

RABIES SURVEILLANCE IN POLAND BETWEEN 1992 - 2006

MARCIN SMRECZAKDEPARTMENT OF VIROLOGY

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INNSTITUTE PULAWY, POLAND

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

Rabies is a viral disease of the central nervous system that is almost always fatal

In Poland rabies is a notifiable disease under the veterinary surveillance system

Befor the Second World War only few cases of rabies in foxes and wolves

were registered but these cases were not laboratory confirmed

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1946

1950

1954

1958

1962

1966

1970

1974

1978

1982

1986

1990

1994

1998

2002

2006

wildlife

domestic

total

beginning of dog vaccination

the beginning of OV

wh

ole

teritory o

f Po

land

cov

ere

d by

OV

RABIES IN POLAND 1948-2006

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

LOCATION OF THE REGIONAL LABORATORIES INVOLVED IN LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF RABIES IN

POLAND

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

LABORATORY METHODS PERFORMED IN FIELD LABORATORIES FOR RABIES DIAGNOSIS

Fluorescent antibody test – FAT

Mouse inoculation test – MIT

Rabies tissue culture inoculation test – RTCIT

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

In all cases in which human exposure has occurred the animal brain negative for rabies in

the FAT must be confirmed by MIT

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

NATIONAL REFERENCE LABORATORY FOR RABIES

-RT-PCR (genotyping, differentiation of isolates)

-Sequencing for epidemiological analysis

-Real-time PCR

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

total

wildlife

domestic

red fox

raccoon dog

dog

cat

cattle

NUMBER OF RABIES CASES IN POLAND 1991-2006

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

RESERVOIR OF RABIES VIRUS

Red fox

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

RABIES IN ANIMALS IN POLAND 1992 - 2006

Over the last 14 years 22 575 cases of rabies have been recorded

18 555

3963

57

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

PER CENT RABIES CASES IN WILDLIFE IN POLAND 1992 - 2006

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

PER CENT RABIES CASES IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS IN POLAND 1991-2006

1468 1459

955

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

Legenda

do 1998

Most of the teritory in 2001

2001

2002

ORAL VACCINATION OF FOXES IN POLAND

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

3084

2527

15031812

2555

1183

138 82

11621331

131

2236

2647

389

1965

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

350019

92

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

NUMBER OF RABIES CASES AFTER INTRODUCTION OF ORAL VACCINATION OF

FOXES

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

RABIES CASES IN POLAND IN 2004

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

RABIES CASES IN POLAND IN 2005

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

Fox

Raccoon dog

Stone marten

Badger

Dog

Cat

Cattle

Bat

RABIES CASES IN POLAND IN 2006

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

CONCLUSIONS

•Rabies surveillance system works in Poland

•Analysis of surveillance data from 1992 till 2006 confirms foxes as the main reservoir and source of rabies virus in Poland

•Surveillance date confirm a decrising trend in animal rabies cases

•Decrising trend in rabies is an effect of introduction of OV of foxes in Poland

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

Thank you for your attention

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

Thank you for your attention

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

8340

13683

17722

21152 21427

22800

5373 5172

1161 16522555

1190389 131 138 82

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

tested

positive

NUMBER OF TESTED AND POSITIVE CASES IN YEARS 1999 - 2006

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

Fluorescent antibody test – FAT

- impression or smears from diffrent parts of brain of investigated animals are doing on microscopic slides- drying the impresion at room temperature- fixing in pure acetone- staining with specific FITC antyconjugate- inspection (reading) under fluorescence microscope with appriopriate filter system

In all case in which human exposure has occured the animal brain negative for rabies in the FAT

must be confirmed in MIT

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

Mouse inoculation test – MIT

-performed on 3-4 week-old mice

-after anaesthetized with ether mice are inoculated intacerebrally with 0, 03 ml od 10% suspension

Deaths occur within 48 hours after inoculation are consideras non- specific

Death occur later than 48 hours after inoculation must be confirmed as rabies cases by FAT

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

Thank you for your attention

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007

Thank you for your attention

NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PULAWY, POLAND

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia, Paris, 27-30 May 2007