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National Weather Service
Don’t be Surprised byDon’t be Surprised bythe Expected!the Expected!
Sometimes warnings are issued Sometimes warnings are issued without prior notice.without prior notice.
How can you be prepared?How can you be prepared?
By monitoring forecasts and By monitoring forecasts and discussions.discussions.
National Weather Service
Tiered Approach of NWSProducts
Certainty of event
Watches
Warnings /Advisories
Outlooks
National Weather Service
OutlooksOutlooks
1. Long Range -- Usually 2 days or 1. Long Range -- Usually 2 days or more.more.
• E.g. Hurricane crossing Puerto Rico.E.g. Hurricane crossing Puerto Rico.
• Winter Storm forming over the Gulf of Winter Storm forming over the Gulf of Mexico.Mexico.
2. Provides opportunity to make 2. Provides opportunity to make contingency plans.contingency plans.
3. Outlooks discuss the uncertainty of 3. Outlooks discuss the uncertainty of longer range predictions.longer range predictions.
National Weather Service
Outlooks Outlooks
Outlooks are issued as Special Weather Outlooks are issued as Special Weather Statements (SPS) for weather events.Statements (SPS) for weather events.
Hazardous Weather Outlook (HWO) – issued Hazardous Weather Outlook (HWO) – issued daily to cover 7 days – mainly for EMA daily to cover 7 days – mainly for EMA planning. planning.
It is used to highlight potential forIt is used to highlight potential for
• High Winds High Winds
• Excessive HeatExcessive Heat
• Wind ChillWind Chill
• Winter StormsWinter Storms
• Severe Weather ThreatSevere Weather Threat
• Flood PotentialFlood Potential
National Weather Service
WatchesWatches
This means that hazardous or severe This means that hazardous or severe weather is a possibility, NOT a weather is a possibility, NOT a certainty. certainty.
A "WATCH" is a long range prediction A "WATCH" is a long range prediction and is typically issued from 3 to 48 and is typically issued from 3 to 48 hours before the hazard is expected. hours before the hazard is expected.
If the storm becomes imminent or If the storm becomes imminent or more certain, the watch will be more certain, the watch will be upgraded to a "WARNING". upgraded to a "WARNING".
National Weather Service
WatchesWatches
Flood (FFA) - issued a few to 24 hours in Flood (FFA) - issued a few to 24 hours in advance.advance.
Severe Thunderstorm (WCN) - 3 to 6 hours in Severe Thunderstorm (WCN) - 3 to 6 hours in advance.advance.
Tornado (WCN) - 3 to 6 hours in advance.Tornado (WCN) - 3 to 6 hours in advance.
Winter Storm (WSW) - 12 to 48 hours in Winter Storm (WSW) - 12 to 48 hours in advance.advance.
High Wind (NPW) - 12 to 48 hours in advance.High Wind (NPW) - 12 to 48 hours in advance.
Lake Effect Snow (WSW)- 12 to 48 hours in Lake Effect Snow (WSW)- 12 to 48 hours in advance.advance.
Wind Chill (NPW)- 12 to 48 hours in advance.Wind Chill (NPW)- 12 to 48 hours in advance.
Excessive Heat (NPW)- 12 to 48 hours in Excessive Heat (NPW)- 12 to 48 hours in advance. advance.
National Weather Service
WarningsWarnings
Issued for life-threatening weather Issued for life-threatening weather events.events.
Issued when the hazardous weather is Issued when the hazardous weather is imminent, or occurring.imminent, or occurring.
Lead times vary depending on the Lead times vary depending on the type of hazardous weathertype of hazardous weather
A rule of thumb: the more localized a A rule of thumb: the more localized a weather hazard, the less lead time. weather hazard, the less lead time.
A WARNING is generally issued when a dangerous weather event is expected, imminent or occurring
National Weather Service
WarningsWarnings Flash Flood (FFW)- 1 to 3 hoursFlash Flood (FFW)- 1 to 3 hours
Flood – County (FLW)- 1 to 6 hoursFlood – County (FLW)- 1 to 6 hours
Flood – River points (FLW)- 6 to 12 Flood – River points (FLW)- 6 to 12 hours.hours.
Tornado (TOR)- 0 to 20 minutesTornado (TOR)- 0 to 20 minutes
Severe Thunderstorm (SVR)- 0 to 20 Severe Thunderstorm (SVR)- 0 to 20 minutesminutes
Blizzard or Winter Storm (WSW)- 6 to Blizzard or Winter Storm (WSW)- 6 to 36 hours36 hours
Lake Effect Snow (WSW)- 6 to 24 hours.Lake Effect Snow (WSW)- 6 to 24 hours.
High Wind (NPW)- 6 to 24 hours.High Wind (NPW)- 6 to 24 hours.
Wind Chill (NPW)- 6 to 24 hours.Wind Chill (NPW)- 6 to 24 hours.
Excessive Heat (NPW)- 6 to 24 hours. Excessive Heat (NPW)- 6 to 24 hours.
National Weather Service
AdvisoriesAdvisories
0 to 24 hours (Occurring, imminent 0 to 24 hours (Occurring, imminent or high probability).or high probability).
Event considered an inconvenience Event considered an inconvenience but could threaten life and but could threaten life and property if proper precautions are property if proper precautions are not taken.not taken.
Issued for winter weather, wind, Issued for winter weather, wind, flooding, and fog.flooding, and fog.
National Weather Service
Advisories Advisories
Wind (NPW) - 6 to 24 hoursWind (NPW) - 6 to 24 hours
Flood Advisory (FLS) - 0 to 12 hoursFlood Advisory (FLS) - 0 to 12 hours
Wind Chill (NPW)- 6 to 24 hoursWind Chill (NPW)- 6 to 24 hours
Excessive Heat (NPW)- 6 to 24 hoursExcessive Heat (NPW)- 6 to 24 hours
Dense Fog (NPW)- 6 to 24 hoursDense Fog (NPW)- 6 to 24 hours
Lake Effect Snow (WSW)- 6 to 24 hoursLake Effect Snow (WSW)- 6 to 24 hours
National Weather Service
Statements Statements
Statements are issued to provide updates on Statements are issued to provide updates on on-going or expected weather hazards. on-going or expected weather hazards.
• Short Term Forecasts (NOW) Short Term Forecasts (NOW)
• Flash Flood (FFS) Flash Flood (FFS)
• Flood (FLS) Flood (FLS)
• Special Weather (SPS) Special Weather (SPS)
• Severe Weather (SVS) Severe Weather (SVS)
• River (RVS) River (RVS)
• Drought (ESF) Drought (ESF)
• Flood Potential (ESF) Flood Potential (ESF)
• Public Information (PNS)Public Information (PNS)
National Weather Service
Short Term Forecasts (NOW)Short Term Forecasts (NOW)
Issued for all types of hazardous weather.Issued for all types of hazardous weather.
Focuses on the next 1 to 6 hours of the event.Focuses on the next 1 to 6 hours of the event.
Thunderstorms, rain, snow and ice, fog, high Thunderstorms, rain, snow and ice, fog, high winds.winds.
Also used to provide forecasts of the beginning Also used to provide forecasts of the beginning and ending of precipitation events.and ending of precipitation events.
The short term forecast will have the latest The short term forecast will have the latest information on an on-going weather event!information on an on-going weather event!
The primary product to get the latest weather information during an ongoing (non-severe) weather event.
National Weather Service
Short - Term ForecastShort - Term Forecast
CAN PREDICTCAN PREDICT0 to 1 hour - 0 to 1 hour -
Development and Development and movement of t-stormsmovement of t-storms
1 to 3 hours - Movement 1 to 3 hours - Movement of thunderstorm of thunderstorm systemssystems
3 to 12 hours - 3 to 12 hours - Movement of fronts Movement of fronts and upper level and upper level disturbancesdisturbances
CAN’T PREDICTCAN’T PREDICT0 to 1 hour - Exact 0 to 1 hour - Exact
location of tornado, location of tornado, downburst or haildownburst or hail
1 to 3 hours - 1 to 3 hours - Movement of Movement of individual individual thunderstormsthunderstorms
3 to 12 hours - 3 to 12 hours - Movement of Movement of thunderstorm systemsthunderstorm systems
Length vs. Accuracy
National Weather Service
MiscellaneousMiscellaneous
State Forecast Product (SFT) State Forecast Product (SFT)
Record Report (RER) Record Report (RER)
Local Storm Report (LSR) Local Storm Report (LSR)
Precip/Temp Table (HYD, RTP) Precip/Temp Table (HYD, RTP)
Public Zone Forecast (ZFP) Public Zone Forecast (ZFP)
Climate message (CLI and CLM)Climate message (CLI and CLM)
National Weather Service
MiscellaneousMiscellaneous Civil Emergency Message (CEM) Civil Emergency Message (CEM) Civil Danger Warning (CDW)Civil Danger Warning (CDW) Local Area Emergency (LAE)Local Area Emergency (LAE) Shelter in Place (SPW)Shelter in Place (SPW) Evacuation Warning (EVI)Evacuation Warning (EVI) Hazardous Material Warning (HMW)Hazardous Material Warning (HMW)
Law Enforcement Warning (LEW)Law Enforcement Warning (LEW)
911 Telephone Outage (TOE)911 Telephone Outage (TOE) Earthquake Report (EQR)Earthquake Report (EQR) Earthquake Warning (EQW)Earthquake Warning (EQW)
National Weather Service
SeverethunderstormWatch/Warning
wind >/= 58 mph (50 kts) or hail greater >/= 3/4 inchWatch- conditions favorable for severe thunderstorms, warning-conditions imminent oroccurring.
TornadoWatch/Warning
Watch- conditions favorable for tornadic development Warning- tornado indicated by radar or reported
Flash FloodWatch/Warning
Flash Flood- flooding of smaller streams and rivers with a responsetime of less than 6 hrs Watch- conditions favorable for rapid flooding, flooding is apossibility Warning- rapid flooding imminent or occurring..
River FloodWarning
Flooding expected on larger rivers and streams that respond inmore than 6 hours.
Criteria for Severe Weather
National Weather Service
Zone ForecastsZone Forecasts
Forecast zones are Forecast zones are areas of similar areas of similar weatherweather
Zones can be grouped Zones can be grouped if weather is same in if weather is same in the zonesthe zones
Zones are generally Zones are generally county-by-county.county-by-county.
1 to 3 days
National Weather Service
Zone and State ForecastsZone and State Forecasts
CAN PREDICTCAN PREDICT
12 to 48 hours - 12 to 48 hours - Movement and Movement and Development of large Development of large storms, general storms, general impact and threatened impact and threatened areas areas
CAN’T PREDICTCAN’T PREDICT
12 to 48 hours - Exact 12 to 48 hours - Exact timing or location of timing or location of storm, intensification, storm, intensification, impact and dissipationimpact and dissipation
Length vs. Accuracy
National Weather Service
Extended ForecastsExtended Forecasts
3 to 7 days3 to 7 days
Broad brushBroad brush
Not too many detailsNot too many details
General idea of what’s comingGeneral idea of what’s coming
National Weather Service
Long Range OutlookLong Range Outlook
CAN PREDICTCAN PREDICT
6 to 10 days - 6 to 10 days - General global General global patterns, patterns, temperature and temperature and precipitation with precipitation with respect to normal respect to normal
CAN’T PREDICTCAN’T PREDICT
6 to 10 days - Exact 6 to 10 days - Exact temps and temps and precipitation precipitation amounts, timing of amounts, timing of global pattern global pattern changeschanges
Length vs. Accuracy
National Weather Service
Forecast DiscussionsForecast Discussions
Used by forecasters to give reasoning Used by forecasters to give reasoning behind the forecastbehind the forecast
Often uses contractions and jargonOften uses contractions and jargon
Can be a wealth of informationCan be a wealth of information
At times includes information about At times includes information about equipment outages (radar), equipment outages (radar), hydrology, marine, fire weatherhydrology, marine, fire weather
If you’re feeling technical...
National Weather Service
Forecast DiscussionsForecast Discussions
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSIONAREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CHARLESTON WV NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CHARLESTON WV 1029 AM EST WED JAN 10 20071029 AM EST WED JAN 10 2007 .SHORT TERM /REST OF TODAY/... .SHORT TERM /REST OF TODAY/... ALLOWED THE ADVISORY TO EXPIRE. COVERAGE/INTENSITY OF ALLOWED THE ADVISORY TO EXPIRE. COVERAGE/INTENSITY OF SNOW SHOWERS IS DECREASING ON 88D LOOP. EXPECT THIS TO SNOW SHOWERS IS DECREASING ON 88D LOOP. EXPECT THIS TO CONTINUE WITH PASSAGE OF H850 THERMAL TROUGH AND CONTINUE WITH PASSAGE OF H850 THERMAL TROUGH AND APPROACH OF SURFACE HIGH...CUTTING OFF NW FLOW. STILL A APPROACH OF SURFACE HIGH...CUTTING OFF NW FLOW. STILL A FEW ONGOING FLURRIES IN CENTRAL MOUNTAIN COUNTIES. SEE FEW ONGOING FLURRIES IN CENTRAL MOUNTAIN COUNTIES. SEE SOME CU DEVELOPMENT WEST OF THE MOUNTAINS...AS NEUTRAL SOME CU DEVELOPMENT WEST OF THE MOUNTAINS...AS NEUTRAL TO WEAK COLD ADVECTION WILL CONTINUE INTO THE TO WEAK COLD ADVECTION WILL CONTINUE INTO THE AFTERNOON FOR A BIT. TWEAKED TEMPERATURES DOWN A AFTERNOON FOR A BIT. TWEAKED TEMPERATURES DOWN A DEGREE OR TWO UP NORTH BASED ON MORNING SOUNDINGS AND DEGREE OR TWO UP NORTH BASED ON MORNING SOUNDINGS AND LAMP...READINGS TO THE SOUTH LOOK GOOD. LAMP...READINGS TO THE SOUTH LOOK GOOD. .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 603 AM EST WED JAN 10 2007.PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 603 AM EST WED JAN 10 2007/ AVIATION /12Z-12Z/... / AVIATION /12Z-12Z/... SNOW SHOWERS CONTINUE THIS MORNING WITH 3 MAIN BANDS SNOW SHOWERS CONTINUE THIS MORNING WITH 3 MAIN BANDS NOW SET UP...ONE NEAR BKW THAT HAS BEEN MOVING THROUGH NOW SET UP...ONE NEAR BKW THAT HAS BEEN MOVING THROUGH WITH VARYING RESTRICTIONS FOR VISIBILITY. A SECOND BAND IS WITH VARYING RESTRICTIONS FOR VISIBILITY. A SECOND BAND IS NORTH OF CRW AND LOOKS AS IF IT WILL REMAIN NORTH OF THE NORTH OF CRW AND LOOKS AS IF IT WILL REMAIN NORTH OF THE SITE. A THIRD BAND IS NOW MOVING THROUGH LHQ TO EKN AND SITE. A THIRD BAND IS NOW MOVING THROUGH LHQ TO EKN AND IS IMPACTING PKB/CKB/EKN. BASED ON SATELLITE...THIS BAND IS IMPACTING PKB/CKB/EKN. BASED ON SATELLITE...THIS BAND SHOULD EXIT PKB AROUND 13Z...AND PULL OUT OF CKB AROUND SHOULD EXIT PKB AROUND 13Z...AND PULL OUT OF CKB AROUND 14Z AND EKN AROUND 15Z. 14Z AND EKN AROUND 15Z.
National Weather Service
0
10, 20
30, 40, 50
60, 70
80, 90, 100
POP (%) Uncertainty Coverage
None used
Slight Chance
Chance
Likely
None used
None used
Isolated, few
Scattered
Numerous
None used
Interpreting ProbabilityInterpreting Probability
National Weather Service
Internet productsInternet products
Tour our websites for additional text and graphical Tour our websites for additional text and graphical products at:products at:
www.weather.govwww.weather.govNew forecast digital database available for all users.New forecast digital database available for all users.
National Weather Service
Accessing the National Digital Forecast Accessing the National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) at the local levelDatabase (NDFD) at the local level
National Weather Service
Traditional Forecasting ProcessTraditional Forecasting Process
• Schedule DrivenSchedule Driven
• Product OrientedProduct Oriented
• Labor IntensiveLabor Intensive
National CentersNational CentersGenerate Graphical ProductsGenerate Graphical Products
National CentersNational Centers Model GuidanceModel Guidance
Field OfficesField OfficesType Text ProductsType Text Products
TODAY...RAIN LIKELY. SNOW LIKELY ABOVE 2500 FEET. SNOW ACCUMULATION BY LATE AFTERNOON 1 TO 2 INCHES ABOVE 2500 FEET. COLDER WITH HIGHS 35 TO 40. SOUTHEAST WIND 5 TO 10 MPH SHIFTING TO THE SOUTHWESTEARLY THIS AFTERNOON. CHANCE OF PRECIPITATION 70%.
TODAY...RAIN LIKELY. SNOW LIKELY ABOVE 2500 FEET. SNOW ACCUMULATION BY LATE AFTERNOON 1 TO 2 INCHES ABOVE 2500 FEET. COLDER WITH HIGHS 35 TO 40. SOUTHEAST WIND 5 TO 10 MPH SHIFTING TO THE SOUTHWESTEARLY THIS AFTERNOON. CHANCE OF PRECIPITATION 70%.
MARYLAND EASTERN SHOREEASTONPTCLDY CLOUDY PTCLDY PTCLDY SUNNY PTCLDY60/52 63/54 65/47 55/40 55/37 50/33POP 20 POP 20 POP 20 POP 20 POP 10 POP 10
MARYLAND EASTERN SHOREEASTONPTCLDY CLOUDY PTCLDY PTCLDY SUNNY PTCLDY60/52 63/54 65/47 55/40 55/37 50/33POP 20 POP 20 POP 20 POP 20 POP 10 POP 10
U.S. Drought U.S. Drought MonitorMonitor
Excessive Heat Excessive Heat ProductsProducts
Threats Threats AssessmentsAssessments
National Weather Service
User-Generated ProductsUser-Generated Products
New Forecasting ProcessNew Forecasting Process
• InteractiveInteractive
• CollaborativeCollaborative
• Information Information OrientedOriented
NWS Automated ProductsNWS Automated Products
TextText
GraphicGraphic
DigitalDigital
VoiceVoice
TODAY...RAIN LIKELY.
SNOW LIKELY ABOVE
2500 FEET. SNOW
ACCUMULATION BY
LATE AFTERNOON 1 TO
2 INCHES ABOVE 2500
FEET. COLDER WITH
HIGHS 35 TO 40.
SOUTHEAST WIND 5 TO
10 MPH SHIFTING TO
THE
SOUTHWESTEARLY
THIS AFTERNOON.
CHANCE OF
PRECIPITATION 70%.
TODAY...RAIN LIKELY.
SNOW LIKELY ABOVE
2500 FEET. SNOW
ACCUMULATION BY
LATE AFTERNOON 1 TO
2 INCHES ABOVE 2500
FEET. COLDER WITH
HIGHS 35 TO 40.
SOUTHEAST WIND 5 TO
10 MPH SHIFTING TO
THE
SOUTHWESTEARLY
THIS AFTERNOON.
CHANCE OF
PRECIPITATION 70%. National Digital National Digital ForecastForecast
Database Database
Local Digital Local Digital ForecastForecast
Database Database
Field Field OfficesOffices
National National CentersCentersCollaborateCollaborate
Data and Science FocusData and Science Focus
National CentersNational Centers Model GuidanceModel Guidance
GridsGrids
National Weather Service
TODAY...RAIN LIKELY. SNOW LIKELY ABOVE 2500 FEET. SNOW ACCUMULATION BY LATE AFTERNOON 1 TO 2 INCHES ABOVE 2500 FEET. COLDER WITH HIGHS 35 TO 40. SOUTHEAST WIND 5 TO 10 MPH SHIFTING TO THE SOUTHWESTEARLY THIS AFTERNOON. CHANCE OF PRECIPITATION 70%.
TODAY...RAIN LIKELY. SNOW LIKELY ABOVE 2500 FEET. SNOW ACCUMULATION BY LATE AFTERNOON 1 TO 2 INCHES ABOVE 2500 FEET. COLDER WITH HIGHS 35 TO 40. SOUTHEAST WIND 5 TO 10 MPH SHIFTING TO THE SOUTHWESTEARLY THIS AFTERNOON. CHANCE OF PRECIPITATION 70%.
From Text to 3DsFrom Text to 3Ds: : Digital, Detailed and DisplayableDigital, Detailed and Displayable
TraditionalTraditional ProcessProcess
New Forecast ProcessNew Forecast Process
MARYLAND EASTERN SHORE
EASTON
PTCLDY CLOUDY PTCLDY PTCLDY SUNNY PTCLDY 60/52 63/54 65/47 55/40 55/37 50/33POP 20 POP 20 POP 20 POP 20 POP 10 POP 10
MARYLAND EASTERN SHORE
EASTON
PTCLDY CLOUDY PTCLDY PTCLDY SUNNY PTCLDY 60/52 63/54 65/47 55/40 55/37 50/33POP 20 POP 20 POP 20 POP 20 POP 10 POP 10
TODAY...RAIN LIKELY. SNOW LIKELY ABOVE 2500 FEET. SNOW ACCUMULATION BY LATE AFTERNOON 1 TO 2 INCHES ABOVE 2500 FEET. COLDER WITH HIGHS 35 TO 40. SOUTHEAST WIND 5 TO 10 MPH SHIFTING TO THE SOUTHWESTEARLY THIS AFTERNOON. CHANCE OF PRECIPITATION 70%.
TODAY...RAIN LIKELY. SNOW LIKELY ABOVE 2500 FEET. SNOW ACCUMULATION BY LATE AFTERNOON 1 TO 2 INCHES ABOVE 2500 FEET. COLDER WITH HIGHS 35 TO 40. SOUTHEAST WIND 5 TO 10 MPH SHIFTING TO THE SOUTHWESTEARLY THIS AFTERNOON. CHANCE OF PRECIPITATION 70%.
National Weather Service
National Digital Forecast Database National Digital Forecast Database Gives Customers What They WantGives Customers What They Want
More weather More weather data data
Higher resolution Higher resolution forecastsforecasts
Visual displays of Visual displays of probabilityprobability
User-defined User-defined products create products create business business opportunitiesopportunities
Different Different Products for Products for
Different Different CustomersCustomers
TODAY...RAIN LIKELY. SNOW LIKELY ABOVE 2500 FEET. SNOW ACCUMULATION BY LATE AFTERNOON 1 TO 2 INCHES ABOVE 2500 FEET. COLDER WITH HIGHS 35 TO 40. SOUTHEAST WIND 5 TO 10 MPH SHIFTING TO THE SOUTHWESTEARLY THIS AFTERNOON. CHANCE OF PRECIPITATION 70%.
TODAY...RAIN LIKELY. SNOW LIKELY ABOVE 2500 FEET. SNOW ACCUMULATION BY LATE AFTERNOON 1 TO 2 INCHES ABOVE 2500 FEET. COLDER WITH HIGHS 35 TO 40. SOUTHEAST WIND 5 TO 10 MPH SHIFTING TO THE SOUTHWESTEARLY THIS AFTERNOON. CHANCE OF PRECIPITATION 70%.
The public, emergency The public, emergency managers and city managers and city planners use planners use Internet graphic Internet graphic products for detailed products for detailed forecastsforecasts
Commercial weather Commercial weather companies & emergency companies & emergency managers use grids to managers use grids to generate tailored generate tailored productsproducts
Radio stations & public Radio stations & public read text forecastsread text forecasts
National Weather Service
Overview of Access MethodsOverview of Access Methods
Complete dataset in GRIB2 via FTP/HTTPComplete dataset in GRIB2 via FTP/HTTP
Selected datasets via Web Services.Selected datasets via Web Services.
Graphical and text products and services on Graphical and text products and services on NWS websitesNWS websites
File names/details available at: File names/details available at: http://http://www.nws.noaa.gov/ndfd/technical/technical.htmwww.nws.noaa.gov/ndfd/technical/technical.htm
Experimental services available nowExperimental services available now
National Weather Service
1) Detailed Gridpoint forecasts
2) Traditional Text forecasts
3) General Digital Forecast
4) Graphical Digital Forecast
Digital ForecastsDigital Forecasts
National Weather Service
NWS Detailed “Gridpoint” NWS Detailed “Gridpoint” ForecastsForecasts
• Click on a specific location on map and get a specific Click on a specific location on map and get a specific forecast for a 5 mile radius of that location. forecast for a 5 mile radius of that location. •Forecast temperature, snowfall amount, rainfall, fog Forecast temperature, snowfall amount, rainfall, fog amount differ between the hills and valleys.amount differ between the hills and valleys.
– Valleys often foggier and colder on clear, calm nights than Valleys often foggier and colder on clear, calm nights than the hills.the hills.
– More snow falls on the hills versus valleys.More snow falls on the hills versus valleys.– Afternoon temperatures colder on hills versus valleys.Afternoon temperatures colder on hills versus valleys.
•New “gridpoint” forecasts will reflect these New “gridpoint” forecasts will reflect these differences!!differences!!
Forecasts include: Forecasts include: – Text forecast out to 7 daysText forecast out to 7 days– Forecasts graphsForecasts graphs– Hourly tabular forecast informationHourly tabular forecast information
National Weather Service
Traditional Text Forecasts still Traditional Text Forecasts still availableavailable