Nationalism

What caused discontent in Latin America?

The discontent was rutted in the social, racial and political system of Spanish rule. The people were inspired by the US Revolution and the defeat of Spain by Napolean

How did the nation win independence?

Revolt, fought for liberty, and independence from European colonists.

Dom Pedro

Son of King of Portugal

Became emperor of independent Brazil

Except a constitution that provided for freedom of Press, Freedom of Religion, and elections of legislators

Jose Morelos

Priest

Called for wide-ranging reforms

Led rebel forces in Mexico

Miguel Hidalgo

Priest

Ring church bells for people of Mexico to fight for “Independence and Liberty”

Jose De San Martin

Independence leader

Helped liberate Argentina and Chile from Spain

Meets up and surrenders his troops to Bolivar, peru

Simon Bolivar

“El Liberator”

He wanted Latin American Independence in Northern, South America

“Independence is the only benefit we have gained at the cost of everything else”

“America in Chaos”

Tupac Amaru

He clamed descent from Incan Kings

Demanded Spain end forces Indian labor

Led native American Revolt (crushed)

Toussaint Louverture

Led successful revolt in Haiti to eliminate slavery

Feared that France ruled Haiti would reestablish slavery

Louis Napoleon (Napoleon 3rd)

Second Republic of France

Became Emperor of France

Gave 2 decades of prosperity until defeat of France-German War

Louis Kossuth

The leading voice for Hungarian independence

Organized Hungarian revolute from Austria

When Russia crushed the revolute he fled

Land Reform

Taking land away from wealthy owner’s and giving it to the peasants

Nationalists

Groups shared common heritage

Set up there own states

Often led to intolerance of other groups

Conservatives

They favored old order of monarchy

Social hierarchy

Liberals

Wanted government based on written constitutions and separation of powers

A movement for liberty, equality, property, and elections

Creole

American born Europe descendent of Spanish Settlers

Peninsular

Member of highest class in Spain’s colonies in the Americas

Recession

Period of reduced economic activity

Autonomy

Self-rule

Universal Manhood Suffrage

Right of all adult men to vote

Ideology

System of thought and belief

Truce

Temporary peace

Mulatto

In Spain's colonies, a person who was of African and European descent

Mestizo

Any person of mixed blood between Native Americans and Europeans