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Nationalism in India and Vietnam: The
Fight Against Colonial Control
7th Grade Geography
SS7H3 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southern and Eastern Asia leading to the 21st century. a. Describe how nationalism led to independence in India and Vietnam. b. Describe the impact of Mohandas Gandhi’s belief in non-violent protest.
Key Ideas
Nationalism- a belief that people should be loyal to those whom they share a common history, customs, origins, and sometimes language or religion.
Colonialism- a practice of domination, the control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory, or people.
Independence- freedom from the control, influence, support, aid, or the like, of others.
Indian Nationalism Grows
Two groups form in India Hindus and Muslims Both hated the British
Learned about nationalism while fighting in the British Army during WWI
When they returned from the war—treated as second-class citizens
Indian Nationalism Grows
Indians applies European views of nationalism and democracy
India Indian National Congress
Muslim League
-Even though Hindus and Muslim were divided, they had the same goal: Independence
Nationalist Activity
India wanted self-government Joined the British army
thought they would gain more rights in governmentBut NO, still treated poorly
Angered Indians acted violently British Governments formed
“Rowlatt Act” : protesters in prison without trial. Educated Indians denied this law, rebelled
Amritsar Massacre Hindus and Muslim
gather in Amritsar angered British British government forbid
public meetings. British commander told
the army to kill them-> 400 died. 1200 wounded
Angered India Loyal Indians
revolutionaries and nationalists
Mohandas K. Gandhi
Gandhi: Leader of Independence movement
Politically acted with his religious ideas
Called Mahatma = “GREAT SOUL”
The Gandhi Rap
Civil Disobedience Stated principle of satyagraha=
“truth-force,” “civil disobedience” Disobeying unfair laws Gandhi required “No Violence” Purpose: weaken British
government and economy Don’t do things that will help
British. Boycott of British cloth
Dropped British cloth sales
Salt March Indians could only buy salt
from British government walked 240 miles to the
seacoast > “Salt March”
Made their own salt Tried to shut down British
salt works, but failed and were attacked by the Police
Gandhi and 60,000 people were arrested
India Self-Rule
Indians gain political power Government of India Act: providing self-
government Helped move closer to full independence
Muslims & Hindus fought for more power
Short Biography of Gandhi
Vietnamese NationalismHistorical Background
In the Early 1900’s the French controlled an area in Southeastern Asia called Indochina
This later came to be called Vietnam French wanted control of the rich agricultural products
and natural resources of this area How do you think the Vietnamese felt?
History of Nationalism Vietnam worked hard to maintain freedom from China. (a very
powerful neighbor) They saw themselves as different from other Southeastern Asian
countries (sense of pride and nationalism!) They also rejected French colonial rule
Ho Chi Minh (Nationalist Leader) He worked for Vietnamese
Independence from the French
He chose the Communist Party as the vehicle to challenge colonialism
Communists were generally critical of colonialism
Ho Chi Minh staged protests with his Communists Party
Vietminh League
Independence was the goal They believed the French would give up
control after WW II (The French did not) They fought the French for nine years People in the countryside sided with Ho Chi
Minh The French gave up control in 1954 after
years of fighting
Ho Chi Minh
Communism-a social structure in which classes are abolished and property is commonly controlled, as well as a political philosophy and social movement that advocates and aims to create such a society.
U.S did not like a communist leader running a country
U.S. felt communism would spread to other Asian countries (contain)
The U.S. went to war against North Vietnam Nationalism was extremely high