Date post: | 19-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | stella-simmons |
View: | 217 times |
Download: | 0 times |
NATO Workshop Veszprem 2004
Recent Monitoring of Crustal Movements in the
Eastern Mediterranean
The Usage of GPS Measurements
G. Stangl,
Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying, Austria
C. Bruyninx,
Royal Observatory of Belgium
NATO Workshop Veszprem 2004
Faults at Plate Boundaries
NATO Workshop Veszprem 2004
Detailed Model at Plate BoundariesModified from Barka (1992) and Rockwell and others
NATO Workshop Veszprem 2004
Usage of GPS Measurements
• Permanent Stations• Campaigns• Common Reference Frame, e.g. ITRF2000• Stacking Solutions• Removing unwanted Influences• Estimating Station Velocities from the refined Time
Series
NATO Workshop Veszprem 2004
Effects on Station Coordinates
• Different Reference Frames• Different Antenna Definitions• Modeling Errors• Seasonal Variations• Site Problems (Equipment,
Monumentation, Atmosphere)• Orbits and Clocks before 1992• Orbits and Clocks 1992-2004• Different Adjustments
• About 20 mm• About 10 mm• About 5 mm• Up to 10 mm• Up to 30 mm• Height 60 mm• About 50 mm• Up to 30 mm• Up to 20 mm
NATO Workshop Veszprem 2004
Reference System jumps
NATO Workshop Veszprem 2004
Jumps due to Equipment
NATO Workshop Veszprem 2004
Adjustment Problem (Reference Site GRAZ) Antenna Change Effect at RAMO
NATO Workshop Veszprem 2004
Stations
• Permanent (International Networks, public, well monitored), e.g. IGS, EPN ...
• Permanent (international Special Projects, public, monitoring
due to international guidelines?), e.g. UNAVCO• Permanent (National or Firms, private, incomplete information
about quality, no public information about availability, potential
access?)• Markers (No international Database for information, Stability
Problems, Protection?)
NATO Workshop Veszprem 2004
IGS and other Permanent Stations
NATO Workshop Veszprem 2004
Major Campaigns (Reilinger et al. 1997)
NATO Workshop Veszprem 2004
Major Campaigns and Results (McClusky et al. 2000)
NATO Workshop Veszprem 2004
Geophysical Signals (Postseismic)
NATO Workshop Veszprem 2004
Geophysical Signals (Change of Velocity?)
NATO Workshop Veszprem 2004
Velocities (Campaigns and Permanent Stations)
5
26
9
10
NATO Workshop Veszprem 2004
Conclusions
• GPS permanent stations and campaigns can deliver similar station velocities at the level of 1mm/year
• Time span should be at least 2 years (3 campaigns)• Major steps of improvement of accuracy 1993, 2000• General correlation to values from geology station
velocities can monitor crustal movements• Overall coverage poor – even at major faults• Permanent stations at each major tectonic unit
required (2-3)• Campaigns for filling gaps and discovering smaller
features