Work done by:

Maria Inês Teixeira

Márcia Pacheco

Miguel Brito

Curso de Especialização Tecnológica de Gestão Ambiental

What is it a natural disaster?

A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth

A natural disaster can cause lost of life or property damage.

Usually leaves an economic problem in his way.

The gravity of the damage depends on how the consequences affects the population.

Types of natural disasters

Earthquakes

Landslides

Volcanic Erupcions

Hydrological disasters

Floods

Limnic erupcions

Tsunamis

Maelstorms

Meteriological disasters

Blizzards

Ciclonic storms

Tornadoes

Hurricans

Droughts

Hailstorms

Heat waves

It is a violent, sudden and destructive change

either in quality of earth's water or in

distribution or movement of water on land below the surface

or in atmosphere.

Are caused by extreme weather, edge

rain, drought, snow, extreme heat or cold, ice, or wind. Violent, sudden

and destructive change to the environment related to, produced by, or affecting the earth's atmosphere, especially the weather-

forming processes.

Health Disasters

Space Disasters

Avalanches

Sinkholes

Wildfires

Avalanche

Called snowslide or snowslip

Is a rapid flow of snow down a sloping surface

Active preventative measures reduce the likelihood and size of avalanches by disrupting the structure of the snowpack.Explosives are used extensively to prevent avalanches, by triggering smaller avalanches that break down instabilities in the snowpack, and removing over burden that can result in larger avalanches

Earthquakes

Is a release of energy in the earth's crust.

Creates seismic wavesThe frequency, type and size of

earthquakes experienced during a period of time

Also known as a quake, tremor or temblor

Earthquakes are measured using observations from seismometers

… Are a geological phenomenon.

Include

Rockfalls Superficial debris flowsDeep failure of slopes

Landslides

SinkholeAlso known as a sink, sink-hole, shakehole, swallet, swallow hole, or doline.

Is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer.

… is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or crust

Volcano

Releases

Hot magma, volcanic ash and exhaust gases

Popular classification of volcanoes

ActiveExtinctDormant

Volcanic eruptions

Wildfires

Is an uncontrolled fire in an area of combustible vegetation that occurs in the countryside or a wilderness area.Wildfires are caused by a combination of natural factors such as topography, fuels, and weather.

Other names such as brush fire, bush fire, forest fire, desert fire, grass fire, hill fire, peat fire, vegetation fire, and veldfire

Effective prevention techniques allow supervising agencies to manage air quality, maintain ecological balances, protect resources, and to limit the effects of future uncontrolled fires.

Health disasters

Is something that will affect the health of people and can became an epidemic

In 2014 there was the problem of Ebola that killed many peoples.

Space disasters

Is all coming from space that falls to the ground to cause very damages.

Blizzards

A violent snowstorm with winds blowing at a minimum speed of 35 miles per hour and visibility of less than one-quarter mile for three hours

In the United States, the National Weather Service defines a blizzard as a severe snowstorm characterized by strong winds causing blowing snow that results in low visibilities. The difference between a blizzard and a snowstorm is the strength of the wind, not the amount of snow.

Tornadoes

A violently rotating column of air extending from a cumulonimbus cloud to the Earth (in rare cases from a cumulus cloud), ranging in width from a few meters to more than a kilometer and whirling at speeds between 40 and 316 mi per hour.

cumulonimbus cloud

cumulus cloud

WaterspoutMultiple-vortex tornado

Dusty devil

Hurricans

Is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain.

Depending on its location and strength, a tropical cyclone is referred to by namessuch as hurricane, typhoon, tropical storm, cyclonic storm, tropical depression, andsimply cyclone.

Hurricane Isabel (2003) as seen from orbit during Expedition 7 of the International Space Station. The eye, eyewall, and surrounding rainbands, characteristics of

tropical cyclones, are clearly visible in this view from space.

Droughts

Is unusual dryness of soil, resulting in crop failure and shortage of water for otheruses, caused by significantly lower rainfall than average over a prolonged period. Hot dry winds, high temperatures and consequent evaporation of misture from theground can contribute to conditions of drought.

Hailstorms

Is a large frozen raindrop produced by intense thunderstorms, where snow and rain can coexist in the central updraft.

Heat waves

Is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather, which may be accompanied by high humidity, especially in oceanic climate countries.

Floods

It is a natural event or occurrence where a piece of land (or area) that is usually dry land, suddenly gets submerged under water. Some floods can occur suddenly and recede quickly. Others take days or even months to build and discharge.

Limnic eruptions

Is a rare type of natural disaster in which dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) suddenly erupts from deep lake water, suffocating wildlife, livestock and humans. Such an eruption may also cause tsunamis in the lake as the rising CO2 displaces water.

Lakes in which such activity occurs may be known as limnically active lakes or exploding lakes. Some features of limnically active lakes include:

Scientists believe earthquakes, volcanic activity, or explosions can trigger such an eruption.

CO2-saturated incoming water A cool lake bottom indicating an absence of direct

volcanic interaction with lake waters An upper and lower thermal layer with differing

CO2 saturations Proximity to areas with volcanic activity

Tsunami

Tsunamis are giant waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea.

The height: Out in the depths of the ocean, tsunami waves do not dramatically increase in height. But as the waves travel inland, they build up to higher and higher heights as the depth of the ocean decreases.

The speed of tsunami waves depends on ocean depth rather than the distance from the source of the wave. Tsunami waves may travel as fast as jet planes over deep waters, only slowing down when reaching shallow waters.

Maelstorm

Is conjunction of strong and opposing tides causes an uncommonly powerful whirlpool. It is formed when very strong tides coming from different (opposing) directions meet.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fW2qCK0I6cw