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Natural Pest Control in the GardenApril 1, 2013Bart RennerNorth Carolina Cooperative Extension Service
Backyard Unicorn production
Components of a unicorn
April Fools!!!
What does natural Pest Control Mean???
• Generally considered the management of garden pests without the use of conventionally manufactured chemicals, hormones and antibiotics.
• Not necessarily “Organic”
• Does not mean you can drink it
• Make sure you still use “PPE” (personal protective equipment)!!
Biological Pest control
• Using other living organisms to controls pests
http://ferrebeekeeper.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/braconid.jpeg
Integrated pest management
http://www.sustainablefood.com/promote/uploads/images/IPM.gif
“Many Little Hammers” approach
Biological control
pesticides
Cultural controltillage
intercropping
Soil fertility
Copper sulfate
• Naturally occurring salt
• Used to control mildew, leaf spots, blights and apple scab
• Can also control grape diseases (Bordeaux mixture)
• Also an effective algacide
Serenade- fungicide
• patented strain of Bacillus subtilis
• Kills microbes on contact
• Controls Fire Blight, Botrytis, Sour Rot, Rust, Sclerotinia, Powdery Mildew, Bacterial Spot and White Mold.
Insecticide/ fungicide: NEEM Oil
• Azadirachtin and liminoids, both from the seed kernels of the neem tree fruit.
• Disrupts the insects hormonal system, causing them to not reach maturity
• Generally will not harm beneficials
• Washes off in the rain, breaks down in sunlight
Methods for controlling fungus:
1. Avoid contaminated material
2. Plant resistant varieties
3. Fungicides
4. Scouting and monitoring
Early blight
• Fungus that affects tomatoes and potatoes
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Alternaria_solani_-_leaf_lesions.jpg
Early Blight on tomato
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Alternaria_solani_-_stem_lesions.jpg/220px-Alternaria_solani_-_stem_lesions.jpg
Early blight on potato
http://www.plantpath.wisc.edu/wivegdis/images/potatoeb.gif
Late blight
http://nysipm.cornell.edu/publications/blight/
Fusarium Wilt
• Affects tomato, tobacco, legumes, cucurbits, sweet potatoes and banana, to name a few.
http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/fletcher/programs/tomato/diseases/fusarium_wilt_race_3_Polk_1.jpg
Verticillium wilt
• Similar to Fusarium
• Affects basil, beans, strawberries, peas, and watermelon
http://easyguidetoorganicgardening.com/organicgardening/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/tomato_verticillium_wilt1-300x212.jpg
Verticillium wilt
http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/IPM/images/tomatoes/diseases/tomato_D32a-Verticillium-021-OMAFHRT_zoom.jpg
Downy mildew
http://www.shouragroup.com/Images/gallery/vegetables%20big/squash_downy_mildew.jpg
Downey Mildew
http://blogs.cornell.edu/ccesummerinterns/files/2011/07/100_3776.JPG
Powdery mildew
Insecticidal soaps
• Sodium or potassium salt combined with fatty acids
• Penetrate insect’s cells and cause them to collapse
• Must come into direct contact with pest, no longer effective when dry
Insecticide: Pyrethrins
• Natural organic compounds normally derived from Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium
• neurotoxins that attack the nervous systems of all insects
• Break down with light and air exposure
• Careful of the bees!
Insecticide: Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis)
• Generally a powder that is sprinkled on plant, must be eaten by insect
• Bt releases toxins in the stomachs of susceptible insects and makes them stop eating
• Very host specific, will not harm humans or pets (can be irritant on skin).
Insecticide: Horticultural oil
• Highly refined petroleum oil- coats and suffocates insects
• Adelgids, aphids, caterpillar eggs, leafhoppers, mealybug, mites, scale, spider mites, thrips and whiteflies
Insecticide: Diatomaceous Earth
•Absorbs lipids from the waxy outer layer of insects' exoskeletons, causing them to dehydrate.
•Effective against a wide variety of insects when applied properly
•Not effective when wet
Insecticide: Milky spore
• Bacteria (Paenibacillus popilliae), which dwell in soil.
• Cause the “milky spore disease” in Japanese beetle larvae
• Very specific to larvae
• Cold and drought tolerant
Flea beetles
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Phyllotreta.vittula.jpg
Thrips
http://utahpests.usu.edu/admin/images/uploads/UtahPests/small-fruit-advisory/2009/05-15/IMG_3915.jpg http://www.jasons-indoor-guide-to-organic-and-hydroponics-gardening.com/images/thrips-in-stages.jpg
Cucumber beetles
• Click here for more info
Pests: Cabbage worm
Images:1. https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSHqOKFxDpH8Y-2Iys0hnksmshn6KLKP3N7XmSgldXWlIGalK-CIw2. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT_OyMHleZwMQY4g2l2CFT-uuVd1NoVfWUN_Y1UbEF_c2mkGyr5Lw3. http://milkingweeds.blogspot.com/2008/06/cabbage-worms.html
• Click here for
More info
Pests: Cabbage maggot
Images:http://www.uri.edu/ce/factsheets/sheets/cabbagemaggot.htmlhttp://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/cabbage-maggot
• More info
Pests: Aphids
Image:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphidhttp://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/a/Aphid.htmhttp://www.extension.iastate.edu/news/2005/jun/072801.htm
Colorado Potato beetles
Images:http://livingwithinsects.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/colorado-potato-beetle-larvae.jpghttp://faculty.evansville.edu/ck6/bstud/say1.jpg
Japanese beetles
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Jblarva.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Jbadult.jpg
Release of biological agents to control pests.
• Can be complicated and needs to be done under survellance
• Click here to view common biological controls in North Carolina
Photo: Fire ants trying to avoidthe sting of a phorid fly. Photo courtesy of Bugwood Network
Pesticide Safety
• 3 modes of exposure:
• Dermal, inhalation, ingestion