All living thing on the earthATMOSPHEREHYDROSPHERELITHOSPHERE

BIOSPHEREtogether with

ATMOSPHEREMultilayered

gaseous envelop surrounding the earth.

No atmosphere no life.

E.g. other planets Venus, Mars.

Air is bad conductor of heat- keeps the average temperature of the Earth fairly steady during the day and even during the course of whole year.

Prevents the sudden increase in temperature during the daylight hours. And during the night, it slows down the escape of heat into outer space.

Think of the moon - about the same distance from the Sun – no atmosphere – the temperature ranges from – 190 degree Celsius to 110 degree Celsius.

ROLE OF THE ATMOSPHERE IN CLIMATE CONTROL

LAYER OF ATMOSPHERE (image)TroposphereStratosphereMesosphereIonosphereExosphere

COMPOSITION OF GASES IN AIR -Pi graph

AIR POLLUTION-An increase in the content of harmful substances (pollutants) in air is called air pollution.-Pollutants – e.g. CO, CO2, SO2, H2S, Oxides of nitrogen, dust particles, lead, asbestos etc.

In humans – respiratory & renal problems, high blood pressure, problems of nervous system, eye irritation, cancer.

In plants – reduced growth, degeneration of chlorophyll, mottling (patches/ spots of color) of leaves etc.

Acid rainGreen house effectHoles in ozone layers

Air pollution can cause :

CO2 keeps the earth warm much like glass which keeps the green house warm.

Increase in CO2 – intensified green house effect – leads to global warming – increase in average temperature of the earth – may lead to melting of polar caps and ultimate rise in sea level – submerging number of costal cities.

GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

Ozone(O3) in stratosphere blocks ultraviolet radiation through it and protect biosphere.

A hole in ozone layer was found over Antarctica caused due to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

CFCs – compounds consists of CI, FI and CCFCs use as coolant in refrigerators and air

conditioners, in aerosol sprays.CFCs do not degrade easily.

HOLES IN OZONE LAYER

Rise into stratosphere and break down O3 to O2 and damage ozone layer.

1 molecule of CI can damage 10,000 molecules of O3

Increased ultraviolet radiation can lead to In humans – increase incidents of skin cancer,

cataract, immune deficiencyIn plants & aquatic life – decreased crop

yields, reduced population of phytoplankton's, zooplanktons and certain fish larvae.

Water a medium for all the reaction that take place within our body and within the cells occur between substances that are dissolved in water.

Transportation of substances from one part of the body to the other in a dissolved form.

Terrestrial life-forms require fresh water for this because their bodies cannot tolerate or get rid of the high amounts of dissolved salts in saline water.

ALL ORGANISMS REQUIRED WATER

Water dissolves the fertilizer and pesticides that we use on our farms. So some percentage of these substances are washed into the water bodies.

Sewage from towns and cities and the waste from the factories are also dumped into rivers or lakes.

Term water pollution cover the following affect : 1. The addition of undesirable substance to water bodies. 2.The removal of desirable substance from water bodies. 3.The change in temperature affect the breed of aquatic animal.

Water pollution

LITHOSPHEREThe lithosphere

is the solid, rocky layer covering the entire surface of the planet, composed of the crust and the hard uppermost mantle.

SOIL

Water helps in the formation of soil in two ways. One of the way is that water could get into the cracks in the rocks formed due to uneven heating by the sun. If this water later freezes, it would cause cracks to widen. Fast flowing water often carries big and small particles of rock and downstream.

Wind also helps in formation of soil as it carries sand from one place to another.

The lichen that we read about earlier, also grows on the surface of rocks. While growing, they release certain substances that cause the rock surface to powder down and form a thin layer of soil. Other small plants like moss, are able to grow on this surface now and they cause the rock to break up further. The roots of big trees sometimes go into cracks in the rocks and as the roots grow bigger, the crack is forced bigger.

There are 3 types of soil 1.Sandy soil 2.Clayey soil 3.Loamy soil

Formation of Soil

Removal of useful components from the soil and addition of other substances, which adversely affect the fertility of the soil and kill the diversity of organisms

Soil Pollution

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLEA pathway by which

a chemical element or molecule moves through both biotic(plants & animals) and abiotic (lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere0 components of the environment.

WATER CYCLE

NITROGEN CYCLE

CARBON CYCLE

OXYGEN CYCLE

Science Textbook for Class IX NCERTwww.google.comwww.wikipedia.orgwww.edurite.com

BIBLIOGRAPHY

THANK YOU

MADE BY: ASHISH NIRWAL IX C KV, VIKASPURI