Natural Sciences Unit 1 The Solar System And Earth

UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSEIES MARIA BELLIDO BAILÉN

Which celestial bodies do you know?

What is this?This is a galaxy

This is an…. asteroidWhen an asteroid crashes on earth it is called… meteorite

How is the big one called? …. A planetThe little one that orbits around the planet is called… satellite

What is this?This is a nebula

What is this bright body?This is a star

What is this?This is a comet

José Cayetano Bautista Expósito


Do yow know where we live?

Yes, we live just here. In the milky way. In this

little spot



Milky way is a spiral galaxy with about 200 billion stars….. It is not very big, isn't it?

And 25.000 Ly thick

� It is only 100.000 Light years (Ly) wide �

only




The Sun. The star of solar system.

Gases?

Medium size star. Type G.

Colour?

Size type?

Yellow: 5500ºC on the surface

75% H / 25% He

Diameter? 1.400.000 Km

Rotation? C.C.W.



Do you know the planets of the solar system?

Sun

Mercury

Venus

Earth

Mars

JupiterSaturn

UranusNeptune

Pluto



Where is located the asteroids belt?

Yes, just here, between Mars and Jupiter.

What are asteroids?Big rocks with variable size that can run into

earth and other planets occasionally.Which minor planet is in the

asteroid belt?Yes, Ceres.


UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSEUNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSEUNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSEUNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSEIES MARIA BELLIDO BAILÉN

What is a comet? What is a comet? What is a comet? What is a comet? Rocs, ice and dust.

Tails appear because Sun hot melts part of the comet Do you know where do the comets come from?




What is Kuiper Belt?

Kuiper Belt is located beyond Pluto's orbit. There can be almost 200 million comets in it.

It is the origin of Halley cometJosé Cayetano Bautista Expósito


Which is the origin of long period comets? Oort cloudOort cloudOort cloudOort cloud

This is the solar system

This is Sedna’s orbit around the

solar system

This is Sedna: a long period comet from Oort cloud.

This is the inner extent of Oort Cloud. Isn’t it huge?


IES MARIA BELLIDO BAILÉN 1/10

• Smallest planet (0.4 Earth diam.)

• Closest to Sun, moves around fastest (88 days). Spin takes 59 earth days.

• Surface -173 to 427 ºC (-280 to 800 ºF)

• Your weight on Mercury: 0,37* weight on earth

• No atmosphere

• Surface plenty of craters

Mercury

UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSE José Cayetano Bautista Expósito


Venus• Nearly the same size as

Earth (.95)

• Slowest rotation of any planet (243 days)

• Very thick atmosphere mostly CO2

• Surface temp 377 to 487 C hotter than Mercury

• Very few craters

• Your weight on Venus: 0,88* weight on earth

• Spins C.W.

You can see it in t he night sky

wit hout a t elescope!



Earth

• 12756 km diameter

• Day: 23 h 56 minutes

• Year: 365, 26 days.

• 23,5 degree axis tilt: origin of seasons!

• Surface temps –73 to 48 C

• Thick atmosphere made of Nitrogen and Oxygen mainly.

• Liquid water – lots! - at surface

• It has a satellite: The Moon



• 25 degree axis tilt (seasons!)

• Rotates once every ~24 hours and orbits the Sun once every 687 days

•Very cold -83 to -33 C

• 6794 km diameter

•Thin atmosphere, 95% CO2

•No liquid water at surface; ice in poles?

•Your weight on Mars: 0,38* weight on earth

•Two small moons - Phobos (Fear) and Deimos (Terror)

Mars: The red planet



• 89,000 miles (143,000 km) diameter – 11x Earth

• 10 hour rotation / 12 year orbit

• 71% mass of Solar System. (318 x Earth mass)

• Atmosphere: 90% H and 10% He

• Rocky core covered by liquid metallic hydrogen � electrical conductor, generates magnetic field

• 4 big satellites and another 12 little satellites like asteroids.

Jupiter: The giantJosé Cayetano Bautista Expósito


• 9x the size of Earth

• Your weight on Saturn: 1,15* weight on earth

• 97% hydrogen and 3% helium

• Rocky core surrounded by gases

• Winds up to 500 m / second

• Colder than Jupiter due to higher distance to sun

• Water ice, dust, rocks made the rings

• 19 satellites


Saturn: The master of the rings



Uranus• 4x the size of Earth

• Your weight on Uranus: 1,17* weight on earth

• Hydrogen, helium, methane – mostly ices. It is a frozen planet.

• No rocky core

• Blue from methane absorption of red light (atmosphere)

• It has 5 satellites

• 11 hour rotation, 84 year orbit

• Spins on an axis inclined 98 degrees and C.W. as Venus



Neptune

• H, He, methane atmosphere (blue!) as Uranus.

• A frozen planet too but the core is hot.

• 2 satellites


• Your weight on Neptune: 1,18* weight on earth




Is Pluto a Planet?

Pluto: Smaller than earth moon Your weight on Pluto: 0,06* weight on earth One satellite.


Yes NoIt has always been considered a planet Very small

Very elliptical orbitOut of plane of eclipticSame material as Kuiper belt objectsFound other “non-planets” that were larger


END


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Natural Sciences Unit 1 The Solar System And Earth

Education