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Charles Darwin
• Was a naturalist and on Dec. 27, 1831 sailed on the HMS Beagle
• Nov. 1859 Darwin Published “The Origin of Species By Natural Selection” where he discussed his theory of Natural Selection and Evolution
Natural Selection: “Survival of the Fittest”
• Natural Selection means that in any population of individuals with better variations for a particular environment will survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation
Mimicry
• Is a natural adaptation that provides protection for an organism by copying the appearance of another species
Evidence for Evolution
• Date of the Earth: 4.6 Billion Years old
• The fossil record supports evolution by comparing fossils from the past with modern day organisms
Biological Molecules Contain Evidence
• Comparing amino acid and DNA sequences- closer related have more similarities
Anatomy and Development Suggests a Common Ancestry
• Vestigial structures are structures that are reduced in size and function (example: appendix and wings on flightless birds)
Homologous Structures
• Are structures that show a common ancestry (limbs of humans, wings of bats, and fins of whales)
Analogous Structures
• Are structures that are similar in function but different in structure (example: wings of birds and insects)
Evolution of Species
• Speciation is the evolution of new species and occurs only with the production of fertile offspring.
Reproductive Isolation
• Occurs when formerly interbreeding organisms no longer produce fertile offspring!
Polyploid
• Occurs when any species has any difference of the normal set of chromosomes. This occurs because of mistakes during meiosis.
Gradualism
• Is the idea that new species originate through the slow buildup of new adaptations over long time period
Punctuated Equilibrium
• States that speciation occurs in quick bursts then long time periods in between
Divergent Evolution
• The pattern of evolution in which species once all related to a common ancestor become more and more distinct.
• Example: Darwin’s Finches