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Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry...

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Natural Stone 101: Everything you NEED to know about designing with the oldest building material Held in conjunction with Natural Stone Institute https://www.naturalstoneinstitute.org/ceu
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Page 1: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Natural Stone 101:Everything you NEED to know about

designing with the oldest building materialHeld in conjunction withNatural Stone Institute

https://www.naturalstoneinstitute.org/ceu

Page 2: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Your Speaker

Sajiv ShrivastvaAl Milad General Trading [email protected]

Page 3: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

OUR VISIONProvide accurate & ongoing

education about the value, benefits, and best practices of using natural

stone as a building material to architects, designers, and other

professionals in the construction industry.

YOUR SPEAKERIn order to become certified by

Natural Stone Institute, your speaker must complete a strategic training process followed by an oath that

outlines his/her responsibilities and a promise to uphold Natural Stone Institute’s educational standards.

Page 4: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Continuing Education Information

• AIA Course Number: MIA10• IDCEC: CEU-105466-R1, Subject Code: 5.3, 0.1

HSW CEU• LACES Course Number: MIA10• NKBA: 0.1 CEU

Page 5: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

This CEU is registered with the Interior Design Continuing Education Council (IDCEC) for continuing education credits. This credit will be accepted by the American Society of Interior Designers (ASID), International Interior Designers Association (IIDA) and Interior Designers of Canada (IDC). The content included is not deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by IDCEC of any material or construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods and services should be directed to the instructor or provider of this CEU. This program is registered for 0.1 CEU value. The IDCEC class-code is: (refer to sign in sheet) • This CEU will be reported on your behalf to IDCEC and you will receive an email

notification. Please log in and complete the electronic survey for this CEU.• Certificates of completion will be automatically issued once you have submitted the

online survey for this CEU.• Attendees who do not belong to ASID, IIDA or IDC and do not have a unique

IDCEC number will be provided with a Certificate of Completion after this CEU.

Page 6: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request.

This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner ofhandling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.___________________________________________Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Page 7: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Description

This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a building material. Learn more about the various natural stones (limestone, travertine, onyx, marble, serpentine, sandstone, slate, quartzite, basalt, and granite). Obtain information about common quarrying techniques, fabrication, and finishing methods. With this understanding, you'll enhance your ability to select the right stone, fabrication technique, and finish for your project.

Page 8: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Learning Objectives

1. Obtain a better understanding about how the mineral composition and formation of stone affects its performance as a building material.

2. Learn about the science of each species of stone, examples of how it is quarried, unique characteristics, and common applications.

3. Gain knowledge about stone fabrication and finishing methods.4. Understand the resources available that are relevant to natural stone.

Page 9: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

MODULES

• I Geology• II Calcareous Stones• III Siliceous Stones

Page 10: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

What is Natural Stone?

• Stones which have been harvested from their in-situ position in the earth, then cut and machined into final products without alteration to the natural fabric of the material

• Engineered products which have been processed into small particles and reconstituted with cementitious or resin binders do not meet the definition of natural stone

Page 11: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

What is Natural Stone?

Page 12: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

What is Natural Stone?

BASIS OF STONE MAKE-UP

Calcareous StonesMade up of Calcium Carbonate

Siliceous StonesMade up of Silica or Silicates

Page 13: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

What is Natural Stone?

BASIS OF STONE FORMATION

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

• Igneous

Page 14: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

What is Natural Stone?

SEDIMENTARY FORMATION

Page 15: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

What is Natural Stone?

SEDIMENTARY FORMATION

Travertine Deposits forming in Pamukkale, Turkey

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Source: Interceramic
Page 16: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

What is Natural Stone?

METAMORPHIC FORMATION

Page 17: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

What is Natural Stone?

IGNEOUS FORMATION

Page 18: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

What is Natural Stone?

STONE SPECIES

GEOLOGY CHAPTERSections 1.0 – 4.5

Presenter
Presentation Notes
****SEE NATURAL STONE SPECIES HANDOUT*****
Page 19: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Defining Characteristics

• Absorption• Density• Compressive Strength• Abrasion Resistance, Hardness• Flexural Strength• Modulus of Rupture

STONE TESTING CHAPTERSections 1.0 – 6.0

Page 20: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Defining Characteristics MOHS SCALE OF HARDNESS

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Please note that the MOHs scale of hardness is not linear. The interval between 2 and 3 for example, is not the same as the interval between 8 and 9. See Resources folder for a true scale of absolute hardness. Also clarify that while the stone types are included for reference, there is no Mohs’ scale hardness for a stone. The Mohs’ scale refers to minerals. There are minerals in granites that are only a Mohs’ 5, but the majority of minerals are significantly harder.
Page 21: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Defining Characteristics

POROSITY

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The red is the stone, the tan are the pores. A very porous stone will have more and larger pores. A dense stone will have fewer and smaller pores. Also notice the pits and fissures on the surface of the stone. A common question I hear is ‘Can’t you just grind down the surface and get rid of those?’; you can see by this graphic that no matter how far you ‘grind down’ there will always be more pores and more pits and fissures.
Page 22: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Module I Recap

WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?

• Are quartz surfacing materials considered natural stones?

• What are the two types of mineral composition? • What are the three types of rock formations?

• Give an example of each.

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Quartz Surfacing includes brands such as Cambria, Silestone, Caesarstone, Hanstone, Zodiaq, and more.
Page 23: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Natural Stone Types

CALCAREOUS SEDIMENTARY:LIMESTONE

A sedimentary rock consisting chiefly of the mineral calcite, (CaCO3) with or without magnesium carbonate

Dolomite Calcium Magnesium Carbonate CaMg(CO3) 2

LIMESTONE CHAPTERSection 1.0 – 9.0

Page 24: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Limestone

Moleanos Limestone Quarry in Portugal (Gascogne Beige/Blue)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Source: Quarry Collection
Page 25: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Limestone

May contain fossils or shell formationsOften has calcite streaks or spots, pit holes, iron spots, and grain formation changes

Page 26: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Limestone

Limestone Columns Lagos Blue Limestone

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Limestone Columns, Source: New Mexico Travertine Lagos Blue Limestone, Source: Quarry Collection
Page 27: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Buff Dolomitic LimestoneResidence in Long Island, NYPinnacle Award Winner 2013

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Project by: Valders Stone & Marble, Inc., Picco Engineering
Page 28: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Natural Stone Types

CALCAREOUS SEDIMENTARY:TRAVERTINE

A finely crystalline, massive deposit of calcium carbonate, of white, tan, or cream color, formed by chemical precipitation from solution in surface and ground waters, as around the mouth of springs, especially hot springs

TRAVERTINE CHAPTERSection 1.0 – 8.4

Page 29: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Travertine

Desert Gold Travertine Quarry in Belen, NM

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Source: New Mexico Travertine
Page 30: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Travertine

• Pronounced anisotropic properties

• Generally includes holes

Page 31: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Walnut Travertine

Travertine

Beige Travertine

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Beige Travertine, Paul Getty museum, 1.2 sq ft of travertine, Source: CODE Impex Walnut Travertine, Source: Quarry Collection
Page 32: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Noce Travertine

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Kempinski project in Dubai, Photo Source: CODE Impex
Page 33: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Natural Stone Types

CALCAREOUS SEDIMENTARY:ONYX

A compact, cryptocrystalline, and generally translucent variety of calcite, usually deposited in cold water solutions, often in the form of stalagmites and stalactites in caves

MARBLE & ONYX CHAPTERSection 1.0 – 11.0

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The American Geological Institute classifies the ‘onyx’ used in slab and tile applications as classified as ‘onyx marble’ since it is calcium based. Do not confuse it with ‘onyx’ which is a quartz based stone with a 6.5 rating on Mohs Hardness scale.
Page 34: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Onyx

White Onyx Quarry in Turkey

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Source: CODE Impex
Page 35: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Onyx

• Used for decorative applications

• Can be translucent• Vulnerable to chemical

and mechanical attack

FLUERI CUT VEIN CUT

Presenter
Presentation Notes
White Onyx Source: CODE Impex
Page 36: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Onyx

Vein Cut Honey Onyx

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Source: Code Impex
Page 37: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

White Onyx

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Source: CODE IMPEX
Page 38: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Natural Stone Types

CALCAREOUS METAMORPHIC:MARBLE

A metamorphic rock consisting of fine to coarse-grained re-crystallized calcite and/or dolomite

Varying levels of soundness A, B, C, D (Ref: MIA Design Manual)

MARBLE & ONYX CHAPTERSection 1.0 – 11.0

Page 39: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Marble

White Carrara Quarry in Carrara, Italy

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Source: Quarry Collection
Page 40: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Marble

Highly prized for aesthetic values.Relatively uniform crystal matrix.Some marbles have large crystals while some are very fine (< .5 mm).

Page 41: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Marble

White Cararra Emperador Light Turkish

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Source: AKDO
Page 42: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Calacatta Marble

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Source: AKDO
Page 43: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Module II Recap

CALCAREOUS STONES

Can you name a calcareous stone within each of the following formation categories?

• Sedimentary• Metamorphic• Igneous

What are some common applications for the following types of calcareous stones?

• Limestone• Travertine• Onyx• Marble

Page 44: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Natural Stone Types

SILICOUS SEDIMENTARY:SANDSTONE

A clastic sedimentary rock composed of grains of sand size (1/16 mm to 2 mm) set in a matrix of silt or clay and united by a cementing material, commonly silica, iron oxide, or calcium carbonate-the sand particles are commonly quartz

QUARTZ CHAPTERSection 1.0 – 9.0

Presenter
Presentation Notes
1/16 of a mm is just slightly less than the thickness of standard copy paper 2 mm is about half the diameter of a BB used in a BB gun, exactly the diameter of #9 lead shot.
Page 45: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Sandstone

Sandstone Quarry in Colorado

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Source: Lyons Sandstone
Page 46: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Sandstone

• Generally more porous than other dimension stone

• Abrasive non-slip surface• Most are resistant to chemical

and salt deterioration

Page 47: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Sandstone

Oakwood Sandstone

Oakwood Sandstone

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Source: New Mexico Travertine
Page 48: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

High Desert Red Sandstone

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Presbyterian Hospital in New Mexico “PMG High Resort” medical offices. Source: Rocky Mountain Stone
Page 49: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Natural Stone TypesSILICEOUS METAMORPHIC:

SERPENTINEA rock group made up principally of the mineral serpentine (Mg, Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4. Serpentines have a greasy or silky luster, a slightly soapy feel, and a tough, conchoidal fracture; they are usually compact but may be granular or fibrous and are commonly a green or greenish gray.

SERPENTINE CHAPTERSection 1.0 – 8.6

Page 50: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Serpentine

Serpentine Quarry in Vermont

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Source: VT Verde Antique
Page 51: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Serpentine

Wide range in quality and performance due to diversity in mineral contentHardness varies from 2.5 to 5 on the Mohs’ Scale

Page 52: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Serpentine

Verde Antique Serpentine

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Source: VT Verde Antique 333 Wacker Drive in Chicago, a very well-known Kohn Pederson Fox design
Page 53: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Verde Antique Serpentine

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Source: VT Verde Antique
Page 54: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Natural Stone Types

SILICEOUS METAMORPHIC:SOAPSTONE

Soapstone is a metamorphic stone or rock composed of one or more minerals including talc, magnesite, dolomite, micas, or chlorite.Soapstone texture can vary from massive to fibrous or flaky. The best commercial grades are highly compacted and are low in absortion.

SOAPSTONE CHAPTERSection 1.0 – 4.2

Page 55: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Soapstone

Soapstone Quarry in Virginia

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Source: Alberene Soapstone
Page 56: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Soapstone

-It commonly has a “soapy” to slippery and soft feel.-It has a high chemical resistance.-Often treated with mineral oil to enhance the color and veining.-Also has high heat retention and high heat resistance properties.

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A little known fact is that the MIA’s Technical department has a testing lab, and in the lab there is a welder for the purpose of fabricating custom test fixtures for certain types of tests such as anchor pulls. The top surface of the welding table used in the MIA’s Lab is actually a 30 mm thick slab of soapstone! They clamp steel parts directly to it and weld directly on it.
Page 57: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Soapstone

Green Iron Soapstone

Soapstone Veneer

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Green Iron Soapstone Source: AKDO Fireplace Source: Alberene Soapstone (this is a good time to mention high thermal conductivity)
Page 58: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Soapstone with Mineral Oil

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Source: Alberene Soapstone
Page 59: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Natural Stone TypesSILICEOUS METAMORPHIC:

SLATE

A compact, microcrystalline metamorphic rock, usually formed from shale deposits

SLATE CHAPTERSections 1.0 - 8.4

Page 60: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Slate

Slate Quarry

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Slate must be quarried with the bed of the material, which frequently is not horizontal.
Page 61: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Slate

Exceptionally pronounced anisotropic propertiesHas a “slaty” cleavage quality that allows it to be split into thin sheets

Page 62: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Brazilian Black Slate, Prairie Slate, Dolomitic Limestone

Slate

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Brazilian Black Slate Floor Tile, Prairie Slate from South Africa (light beige), Dolomitic Limestone from India (tan & grey) Varying durability in these 3 stones. HOK Architects. Miami Court House. Source: Pera Tile
Page 63: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Shengli Slate

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Source: AKDO
Page 64: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Natural Stone Types

SILICEOUS METAMORPHIC:QUARTZITE

A metamorphic rock consisting mainly of quartz, formed by recrystallization of sandstone by regional or thermal metamorphism

QUARTZ CHAPTERSection 1.0 – 9.0

Page 65: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Quartzite

Meta Quartzite Quarry In Nevada

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Source: Las Vegas Rock
Page 66: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Quartzite

Breaks across grain, not around grainVery durable material, withstands weathering well

Perla Venato Quartzite Slab

Page 67: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Quartzite

Azul Macauba Quartzite Mixed Quartzite Floor Tile

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Azul Macauba Source: Great Lakes Granite & Marble
Page 68: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Meta-Quartzite

Presenter
Presentation Notes
“The Bar” at Burmuda & Rose in Las Vegas, Source: Las Vegas Rock
Page 69: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Natural Stone Types

SILICEOUS IGNEOUS: BASALT

Basalt is a dark-colored, fine-grained, igneous rock composed mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene minerals. Basalts can range from grey to black in color. It has a composition similar to gabbro . The difference is that gabbro is an intrusive (cooled beneath the surface) igneous rock, while basalt is one of very few extrusive (cooled above the surface) igneous rocks used as dimension stone.

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Explanation about intrusive vs extrusive. In the molten phases, all minerals have an affinity for like minerals, so they will join with each other to form larger crystals of one mineral type. Therefore, the more slowly a rock mass cools, the greater the amount of time for this to occur, and the larger the grain size will be. When a rock cools suddenly, as in the case of an extrusive rock because there is nothing covering it to insulate it, the minerals harden without a chance to form large crystals, hence the fine grain size of basalts.
Page 70: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Basalt

Basalt Quarry in China

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Source: Pera Tile
Page 71: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Basalt

Some basalt varieties are good for wet environment applications.

Basalt is highly abrasion resistant (compared to marble or limestone).

Presenter
Presentation Notes
“Highly Abrasive Resistant” compared to what? It has higher abrasion resistance than marble or limestone, but lower than granite or quartzite.
Page 72: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Basalt

Basalt Installations

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Source: Pera Tile
Page 73: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Gray Basalt

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Sydney airport. Source: Pera Tile
Page 74: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Natural Stone Types

SILICEOUS IGNEOUS: GRANITE

Geological Definition: A plutonic rock in which quartz makes up 10 to 50 per cent of the felsic components, and the alkali feldspar to total feldspar ratio is between 65 and 90 per cent

Commercially: Any holocrystalline quartz-bearing plutonic rock

GRANITE CHAPTERSection 1.0 – 13.1

Page 75: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Granite

Dakota Mahogany Granite Quarry in Milbank, SD

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Source: Dakota Granite
Page 76: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Granite

High abrasion resistanceHigh densitiesChemical/weathering resistanceCan be nearly isotropic to mildly anisotropic

Blue Ice Granite Slab

Page 77: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Granite

Caledonia, Newton Brown, Peribonka, and Stanstead granite 2013 MIA

Pinnacle Award Winner

Juparana Persa Granite

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Caledonia, Newton Brown, Peribonka, and Stanstead granite |2013 MIA Pinnacle Award Winner Polycor Inc. Juparana Persa Granite, Source: Great Lakes Granite & Marble. Juparana Persa is actually a GNEISS, not a granite. Gneiss is categorized as granite commercially.
Page 78: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Iridian, Rockville White, and Lake Superior Green granite

Ralph L. Carr Colorado Judicial CenterPinnacle Award Winner 2013

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Granite by Coldspring Installation by Gallegos Corporation
Page 79: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Module III Recap

SILICEOUS STONES

Can you name a siliceous stone within each of the following formation categories?

• Sedimentary• Metamorphic• Igneous

What are some common applications for the following types of siliceous stones?

• Soapstone• Slate• Quartzite• Granite

Page 80: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Know Your Stone

• All stones are unique• Properties may vary even within one type of stone• Always identify a specific material to ensure its application

is appropriate• Perception of color will vary depending on orientation,

lighting & surrounding materials

Page 81: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Know Your Stone

Some stones are categorized commercially under a different definition than what they are scientifically classified as.

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Super White- Super White is NOT a quartzite. It is a dolomitic marble with some quartz deposits in it. Absolute Black- Granite or Gabro? Commercially it is granite. Geologically it is gabro. Capella- Granite or Gneiss? Commercially it is granite. Geologically it is gneiss.
Page 82: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Fabrication and FinishesVEINING: BOOK MATCHED

Page 83: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Fabrication and Finishes

VEINING: DIAMOND MATCHED

Page 84: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Fabrication and Finishes

VEINING: SLIP MATCHED

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Light Beige Cut Travertine in Albertina Palace in Wien, Source: CODE Impex
Page 85: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Fabrication and Finishes

Vein Cut

Fleuri Cut

Page 86: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Common Stone FinishesSMOOTH

Polished Honed

Page 87: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Common Stone FinishesLIGHT TEXTURE

Sandblasted Acid Washed

Page 88: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Common Stone FinishesLIGHT TEXTURE

Brushed Tumbled

Page 89: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Common Stone FinishesLIGHT TEXTURE

Brushed & Chiseled Sandblasted & Brushed

Page 90: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Common Stone FinishesHEAVY TEXTURE

Flamed Deep Line Cleft

Page 91: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Common Stone FinishesHEAVY TEXTURE

Split Face Bush Hammered

Page 92: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

Resources

INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS

American Concrete Institute

(ACI)

STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS

Presenter
Presentation Notes
*****See Natural Stone Resources Handout*****
Page 93: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

NSI Specific Resources

• NSI’s Dimension Stone Design Manual• iPad Apps• NSI Technical Bulletins• NSI Membership Directory

• Including Accredited Fabricators & Contractors

Presenter
Presentation Notes
iPad Apps flyer is available.
Page 94: Natural Stone 101Description This one-hour class is designed for design & construction industry professionals desiring to gain a full understanding of natural stone as a

THANK YOUFOR ATTENDING THE PRESENTATION

Please don´t forget to collect your CPD certificate during the event from the CPD collection area


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