NATURE OF THE IDEA

Ideas are the building blocks of knowledge. They are the elements that constitute judgments and judgments express either truth or error.

Ideas must be thoroughly understood because no building can be solid unless its foundation is solid.

FORMATION OF IDEAS All knowledge starts with the senses. Generally speaking,

nothing is in the mind unless it passes thru the senses. Are there exceptions?

Examples: sugar as an object of perception to the various senses. The image of sugar

is retained even after the object itself is removed because I can recall the sugar’s image in my senses. Based on the above example I have an idea of sugar.

This image of the imagination is the first step in the formation of an idea.

Cite other examples.

Man does not stop at the mere reproduction of the image. He begins to think. It does this by the process of abstraction.

Through sense experience we encounter many beings whom we designate by the name “man”. But we found out from sense experience that are great differences among men.

Comparing these differences some of them change while others disappear. The intellect also perceives that there are characters that remain intact thru all the changes.

1. Man must have a body. 2. Man must be alive. 3. Man must be sentient. 4. Man must be a substance. 5. Man must be rational.

Man must be a rational, sentient, living, bodily substance in order to be a man. The absence of any of these - man ceases to be a man. They are therefore the essential elements that make a man a man and not something else. Other characteristics of man are non-essentials.

The intellect strips the individual of all the non-essential qualities and retains only the essential attributes and forms them into one intellectual image - man is a rational, sentient, living, bodily substance – and since a sentient, living, bodily substance is called an animal , man is therefore a rational animal. This intellectual image of man is our idea of man.

COMPREHENSION AND EXTENSION IDEAS

Comprehension and Extension are the logical qualities of an idea.

Comprehension – is the sum total of all the attributes that constitute an idea in its representation of a thing.

Extension – expresses the application of these attributes to individuals and groups to which they are found.

Comprehension Extension

1. School

2. Catholic School

3. Catholic schools in Cebu

4. Catholic schools in Cebu run by women religious.

5. Catholic schools in Cebu run by women religious and offer masscom program

STAGES OF LIFE

TEENSYou have all the time and energy but no money.

WORKERSYou have the money and energy but no time.

OLDIESYou have all the time and money but no more energy.

Maestra: uy, Jose nganong na late man ka?Jose: Kuan man gud ma’am … (nangalot sa ulo) M: unsay kuan? Nganong na late lagi ka? Jose: Kuan man gud ma’am. Gibunalan man gud ma’am ni tatay ang akong manghod kay nagpabadlong man siya. M: aber, unsa may labot ana sa imong pagka late beh? Jose: kuan man gud ma’am ang ako mang sapatos and gigamit ni tatay sa pagbunal sa akong manghod.

Toink!

KINDS OF IDEAS

Ideas According to Origin

Intuitive (or immediate) ideas are those which are formed as the result of the direct perception of things.

Abstractive (or mediate) ideas are formed by some means other than their immediate perception.

All ideas of persons, events and things which I acquire not from personal experience but thru books, newspapers, TV, radio, etc. are of this type.

Ideas arrived at by deduction are of this type. From the effects of heat, light , power I can conclude there is electricity. If the electric fan and the computer suddenly shuts down, you can conclude that . . . ?

In logic we have induction and deduction as tools arriving at an inferential judgment.

KINDS OF IDEAS

Ideas According to their Relation

Ideas from the standpoint of mutual relation are either connex or disparate. They are connex when one idea necessarily either includes or excludes the other. Examples: father – child, husband – wife, teacher – student, man – rational, light – darkness

Ideas are disparate when one idea neither necessarily includes nor necessarily excludes the other. Examples: man – black, wise – good, iron – wheel, wise – good

Ideas are either identical or diverse. They are identical when their comprehension is the same such as man – rational animal, water – H2O, sodium chloride – salt

Ideas are diverse when their comprehension is different such as man – brute, tree – dog, house – car.

What about the ideas house – home. Are they identical or diverse? Based upon your intuitive idea is your house a home? Or is it merely a house and not a home? Or are both ideas identical?

A HOUSE IS NOT A HOME ORIGINAL VERSION BY DIONNE WARWICK

“A chair is still a chair even when there’s no one sitting there. But a chair is not a house and a house is not a home when there’s no on there to hold you tight, and no one there you can kiss good night”.

“A room is still a room even when there’s nothing there but gloom. But a room is not a house and a house is not a home when the two of us are far apart and one of us has a broken heart”.

Diverse ideas are either compatible or incompatible. They are compatible when the attributes of the comprehension of both can be united and give birth into another (third) idea. Example: man – white, mind – sound

Incompatible when the attributes of the comprehension of one idea excludes the comprehension of the other idea.Example: vice – virtue, wisdom – folly, light – darkness

THE REPUGNANCE OF IDEAS Forms the basis of their incompatibility. This gives rise to contradictory, privative, contrary and relative ideas.

Contradictory ideas are two ideas in which one expresses the simple denial of the other. Examples: thing – nothing, good – not good, equal – unequal

Privative ideas are two ideas of which one signifies a perfection while the other denies the perfection in a subject which ought to possess it.

Examples: sight – blindness, sanity – insanity, living – dead

Contrary ideas represent two extremes among objects belonging to the same class.

Examples: good – bad , kind – cruel, pleasant – painful

Relative ideas are two incompatible ideas united in such a way that one cannot be understood with out the other. Examples: master – servant , left – right , cause – effect

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