NAVAJO OF THE SOUTHWEST

Valeria AlonsoJuanita GiraldoManuel Llano

7-C

WARM UP•If you were to do something in this place, what would it be? For what do you think the Navajo used this place?

LOCATION•The Navajo are located , aproximately, between 37ºN and 106ºW.•Their land occupied the territory from northern Arizona, southeastern part of Utah, northwestern New Mexico to a little part of southwestern Colorado.

WHO WHERE THE NAVAJO?

• Came from Asia following herds of animals, passing through the land bridge.• Lived in Alaska and Canada, but started

emigrating south.• Met the Pueblo in southern Utah. The

Pueblo taught the Navajo how to survive.

GENERAL STEPHEN W. KEARNEY•Born on August 30, 1794, in Newark, New Jersey.•Fought in Mexican-American War, being famous for the conquer of California.•Was named commander of the Jefferson’s Barracks.• Met William Clark, a member of the famous Lewis and Clark Expedition.•In Jefferson’s Barracks, he created the cavalry of the United States, and was called “father of the United States Cavalry.”•Died on October 31, 1848, at the age of 54.

HOW DID HE AFFECTED THE NAVAJO?•Stephen W. Kearny was a general in the Mexican-American War. •He was ordered to attack the city of Santa Fe, and when he was passing through Navajo territory, his sheep, cows and supplies were mysteriously lost.•Ordered to attack the Navajo, and this resulted in the first treaty between the Navajo and the U.S. Government.

EUROPEANS AND NAVAJO• Navajo started to steal

sheep and horses, animals that were unknown to them. Navajo also stole artifacts of the Europeans, like gun powder and weapons.

• With horses, the Navajo now could travel longer distances in a much shorter time, increasing their trading with other tribes. With sheep, the Navajo started to use its fur for blankets and rugs, and its meat for food.

WHAT HAPPENED BETWEEN THEM?• When Navajos had contact with the

Europeans, they began to trade. • After a longer period, the Navajo

started to teach how to survive to the Europeans.

• Europeans taught the Navajo how to use their weapons, or how to ride horses.

• When the Europeans knew how survive, they started to act in a different way, declaring war to Navajos, making them slaves, or worst, killing them.

• The Navajo now stole sheep, horses and a lot of supplies to Europeans, while the Europeans kept attacking and killing them.

WHAT ARE SOME THINGS THE EUROPEANS DID AS THEY SETTLED?

The Europeans became allies of the Navajo, while the Navajo taught them how to survive, teaching them how to make clothing, rugs, blankets, how to hunt and make shelters. But later, the Europeans made Navajos slaves, made them adopt the European way of life or simply kill them.

NAVAJO CODE TALKERS•Philip Johnston created the Navajo code in World War II. •Was the only code in the war that was not broken•It was based in the Navajo language, but the Navajos had no words for tools in modern warfare.•This was arranged by changing words, for example, “hummingbird” meant fighter plane, “tortoise” meant tank. •Navajo code talkers were also deployed in Vietnam and Korea.

BIBLIOGRAPHIES• Eck, Pam. "Navajo Indians." Navajo Indians. 22/04/1998. 22 Oct 2008

<http://inkido.indiana.edu/w310work/romac/navajo.htm>.• "Navajo Life." 5 Nov 2008 <http://home.earthlink.net/~pfeiffer/N-Navajo%20Life.html>.• "Navajo Nation." American West. American West. 22 Oct 2008

<http://www.americanwest.com/pages/navajo2.htm>.• "Stephen W. Kearny." Wikipedias.org. 25 October 2008. Wikipedia. 5 Nov 2008

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_W._Kearny>.• Scott, Jeff. "Navajo Tribe of Arizona." Tripod.com. Tripod. 29 Oct. 2008

<http://jeff.scott.tripod.com/navajo.html>.• "Religion." Inkido.com. April 22 2008. Inkido. 29 Oct 2008

<http://inkido.indiana.edu/w310work/romac/swrelig.htm>.• "Art, Potery, Baskets, and Jewelry." Inkido.com. April 22 2008. Inkido. 6 Nov 2008

<http://inkido.indiana.edu/w310work/romac/art.htm>.• "Navajo People." Wikipedia.org. 6 Nov. 2005. Wikipedia. 6 Nov 2008

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/navajo_people>.• "Stephen W. Kearny." Pbs.com. 14 Mar. 2006. Pbs. 31 Oct 2008

<http://www.pbs.org/kera/usmexicanwar/biographies/stephen_kearny.html>.