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7.1

Chapter 7Transmission Media

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

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7.2

Figure 7.1 Transmission medium and physical layer

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7.3

Figure 7.2 Classes of transmission media

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7.4

7-1 GUIDED MEDIA7-1 GUIDED MEDIA

Guided media, which are those that provide a conduitGuided media, which are those that provide a conduit

from one device to another, include twisted-pair cable,from one device to another, include twisted-pair cable,

coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable.coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable.

Twisted-Pair Cable

Coaxial Cable

Fiber-Optic Cable

Topics discussed in this section:Top

ics discussed in this section:

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7.5

Figure 7.3 Twisted-pair cable

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7.6

Figure 7.4 UTP and STP cables

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Table 7.1 Categories of unshielded twisted-pair cables

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Figure 7.5 UTP connector

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Figure 7.6 UTP performance

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Figure 7.7 Coaxial cable

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Table 7.2 Categories of coaxial cables

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Figure 7.8 BNC connectors

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Figure 7.9 Coaxial cable performance

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Figure 7.10 Fiber optics:Bending of light ray

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Figure 7.11 Optical fiber

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Figure 7.12 Propagation modes

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Figure 7.13 Modes

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Table 7.3 Fiber types

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Figure 7.14 Fiber construction

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7.20

Figure 7.15 Fiber-optic cable connectors

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7.21

Figure 7.16 Optical fiber performance

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7.23

Figure 7.17 Electromagnetic spectrum for wireless communication

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7.24

Figure 7.18 Propagation methods

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7.25

Table 7.4 Bands

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7.26

Figure 7.19 Wireless transmission waves

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7.27

Radio waves are used for multicastcommunications, such as radio and

television, and paging systems. They

can penetrate through walls.

Highly regulated. Use omni directional

antennas

Note

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7.28

Figure 7.20 Omnidirectional antenna

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7.29

Microwaves are used for unicast

communication such as cellulartelephones, satellite networks,

and wireless LANs.

Higher frequency ranges cannotpenetrate walls.

Use directional antennas - point to point

line of sight communications.

Note

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7.30

Figure 7.21 Unidirectional antennas

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7.31

Infrared signals can be used for short-

range communication in a closed area

using line-of-sight propagation.

Note

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7 32

Wireless Channels

Are subject to a lot more errors thanguided media channels.

Interference is one cause for errors, canbe circumvented with high SNR.

The higher the SNR the less capacity isavailable for transmission due to the

broadcast nature of the channel. Channel also subject to fading and nocoverage holes.