NAVI MUMBAI MUNICIPAL CORPORATION ASSESSMENT …...Navi Mumbai on the mainland across the harbour is...

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DRAFT

December 2016

NAVI MUMBAI MUNICIPAL CORPORATION ASSESSMENT REPORT

FOR STRATEGY FOR OPEN DEFECATION FREE CITY

Prepared by

Waste Management Research Centre (WMRC) All India of Institute of Local Self Government, AIILSG, Mumbai

December 2016

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Waste Management Research Centre (WMRC) All India Institute of Local Self Government (AIILSG), Mumbai

Team:

1) Dr. (Prof.) Sneha Palnitkar, Chief Executive Officer– WMRC, AIILSG, Mumbai.

2) Mrs. J. J. Chekkala, Advisor (Projects) – AIILSG, Mumbai.

3) Mr. S. N. Patankar, Senior Technical Consultant, AIILSG, Mumbai.

4) Dr. Sudha Kashelikar Sr. Programme Officer 5) Mr. Rahul Gavali, Project Associate, RCUES, AIILSG, Mumbai.

6) Mrs. Suphala Bawkar, Senior Stenographer, WMRC, AIILSG, Mumbai.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) assigned the work of “Assessment Report for Strategy for Open Defecation Free City (ODF)” to Waste Management Research Centre (WMRC), All India Institute of Local Self Government (AIILSG), Mumbai. The WMRC would like to sincerely thank Mr, Tukaram Munde, IAS, Commissioner, Navi Mumbai Municipal Commissioner for entrusting this important assignment to West Management Research Centre of All India Institute of Local Self Government, Mumbai, and also would like to express our gratitude for his constant guidance, support and encouragement for completing this important assignment for NMMC.

Dr. (Prof.) Sneha Palnitkar Chief Executive Officer, Waste Management Research Centre, All India Institute of Local Self Government, Mumbai.

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Table of Contents

Page No.

Chapter 1 Introduction 10-21

1.1 Background 1.2 City Profile. 1.3 CSP document (2012) of NMMC under NUSP 2008. 1.4 Request by NMMC to revise the CSP (2012) of NMMC

Exclusively for ODF element.

Chapter 2 Initiatives of NMMC to Implement CSP 2012 22-28

2.1 Details of Survey of 2012 by AIILSG in regard to OD spots.

2.2 Finding of the survey.

2.3 Comments on O & M contract.

2.4 Reasons for OD.

2.5 Action plan.

Chapter 3 Nature of Revised Data 29-38

3.1 Revised Population.

3.2 Other Information.

3.3 Open Defecation Spots - Zone Wise.

3.4 Types of Toilets.

3.5 List of Ongoing / Completed Works of CT/PT Through CSR

3.6 List of CT /PT Works Through NMMC Budget Head.

Chapter 4 Activities for Making NMMC ODF by December, 2016 39-48

4.1 Activities of making NMMC ODF by December, 2016.

4.2 National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP)

4.3 Coverage of CSP

4.4 Swachh Maharashtra Mission in relation to ODF Components

4.5 Swachh Maharashtra Abhiyan

4.6 NMMC Initiatives under SBM/SMA

4.7 Process of Declaring NMMC ODF City

4.8 Format Prescribed by MoUD, Government of India for ODF Declaration Protocol

4.9 Framework for Validation of Self-Declaration ODF Cities

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Chapter 5 Revised Framework for Action for ODF strategy for NMMC 49-70

Background

5.1 Zone Wise Population Pattern of NMMC

5.1.1 Population Projection

5.1.2 Existing Situation of Toilets Seats

5.1.3 Existing Number of Toilet Blocks & Seats

5.1.4 Existing Types of Toilets ( 2015-2016 situation)

5.2. Requirement of Toilets for 2019 as per the Norms

5.2.1 Assumptions and the Norms

5.2.2 Zone-wise Requirement 2015

5.2.3 Zone-wise Requirement 2021 as per Norms.

5.2.4 Gaps-Quantification

5.2.5 Estimates upto 2019 (Alternative I)

5.3. Requirement based on Eliminating OD Spots

5.3.1 Discussion with NMMC official.

5.3.2 Zone wise OD spots

5.3.3 Zonewise OD families

5.3.4 Zone wise OD population

5.3.5 IHHL Seats & CSR Seats Ward-wise

5.3.6 Other Elements in the Survey.

5.3.7 Summary of Revised FFA – Alternative II

5.4 Comparison of Alternative I & II

5.5 Discussion with NMMC officials on 21st September 2016

5.6 Summary of Alternative I, II & III

5.7 Revised Alternative III (Based on discussions with NMMC officials on 24th October 2016)

5.8 Emerged Residential patterns in NMMC.

5.9 NMMC Floating Population

5.10 Budget Provision for Construction of Individual / Community / Public Toilets

Chapter 6 Operation and Maintenance 71-75

Chapter 7 Marching Towards ODF NMMC 76-84

7.1 Credentials of NMMC.

7.2 Awards received by NMMC.

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7.3 NMMC initiative under SBM / SMA.

7.4 Present Status of Toilet coverage.

7.5 Target under SBM for Toilet Coverage and Elimination of OD.

7.6 Frame Work for Validation of Self-declared ODF Cities.

7.7 Strategy to make the City Open Defecation Free (ODF) by December 2016.

7.8 ODF Wards.

Chapter 8 Actions for Sustainability 85-86 Chapter 9 Summary, Suggestions and Limitations 87-88

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List of Maps, Graphs, Tables

Page No.

Map

Map of Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation 10

Graph

Node wise Land used Categories 11

Tables

1.1 Total No. of Households having access to 16 Individual Toilets as per CSP 2012

1.2 Total Population having access to Individual 17 Toilets/ Public Toilets / Not using Toilets as per CSP 2012

1.3 Community Toilets / Public Toilets operated by 17 NGOs and CBOs as per CSP 2012

1.4 Open Defecation Spots in NMMC as identified in CSP 2012 18-19 1.5 Requirement for additional Toilets indicated in CSP 2012 20 1.6 Land Cost as per CSP 2012 20 1.7 Annual Operation & Maintenance Cost as per CSP 2012 20 1.8 Toilet Coverage as per CSP 2012 21

3.1 Population Trend as Indicated in the CDP on NMMC 29

3.2 NMMC – Open Defecation Spots (as per survey conducted 30-31

by NMMC officials in 2016)

3.3 Places of Proposed NAMMA type Toilets – 32-33

List of Proposed NAMMA type Smart Toilet works

in NMMC Nodal Area.

3.4 List of Ongoing / Completed works of CT-PT through CSR 33

3.5 List of Proposed CT-PT Completed or in Progress works 34-37

which were undertaken through NMMC Budget Head

3.6 Door to Door Open Defecation Survey Data (SBM) 38

3.7 Shelter Associate (SA) Individual Toilet Targets 38

4.1 A Framework developed by Government of Maharashtra for defining "ODF Cities" in Maharashtra 48

5.1 Zone wise Population Patter based Census 2011 50

5.2 Zone wise Projected Population for 2021 50

5.3 Existing Seats in the Zone of Different Categories 51

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5.4 No. of Toilet Blocks in Each Zone (CT-PT) 52

5.5 Zone Wise Requirement of Seats for 2015 as per Norms 57

5.6 Zone Wise Requirement of Seats for 2021 as per Norms 57

5.7 Estimates for 2015 -2017 and 2017-19 58

5.8 Summary of the OD Spots as per Survey Conducted by

NMMC officials from June to August 2016 60

5.9 Zone wise families as per Survey Conducted by NMMC Officials

from June to August 2016 61

5.10 Zone wise OD Population as per survey conducted

by NMMC Officials from June to August 2016 61

5.11 Individual Household Latrines (IHHL) Seats 61

5.12 Revised Framework for Action (Alterative II) 63

5.13 Comparison of Alternatives I and II 64

5.14 Information of Public Toilets – Abstract 65

5.15 Information of Public Toilets Abstract Community Toilets (CT) 66

5.16 Information of Public Toilets Abstract Community Toilets (PT) 66

5.17 Summary of Alternative I, II and III 68

7.1 A Framework Developed by Government of Maharashtra

For Defining “ODF Cities” in Maharashtra 81

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Abbreviations

NMMC Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation SMA Swachh Maharashtra Abhiyan CSP City Sanitation Plan WMRC Waste Management & Research Centre AIIILSG All India Institute of Local Self-Government CIDCO City & Industrial Development of Maharashtra MIDC Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation IT Information & Technology SEZ Specialised Economic Zone DAKC Dhirubhai Ambani Knowledge City BPO Business Pro AKP Airoli Knowledge Park APMC Agricultural Produce Marketing Corporation ZNPT Jawaharlal Nehru Port Terminal NUSP National Urban Sanitation Policy MoUD Ministry of Urban Development GoI Government of India SLB Service Level Benchmarking WSSD Water Supply and Sanitation Department GoM Government of Maharashtra RCUES Regional Centre for Urban and Environmental Studies O & M Operation & Maintenance NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations CBOs Community Based Organizations FFA Framework for Action ODF Open Defecation Free WS Water Supply SS Sewerage and Sanitation SWM Waste Management SWD Storm Water Drainage MMC Act The Maharashtra Municipal Corporations Act DMC Deputy Municipal Commissioner AMC Additional Municipal Commissioner SRA Slum Rehabilitation Authority PQLI Physical Quality Life Index EQLI Environmental Quality Life Index SBM Swachh Bharat Mission FRP Fiber Reinforce Plastic OD Open Defecation IEBC Information, Education, Behavioural Change CLTS Community Led Total Sanitation CDP Community Development Plan CT Community Toilet

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PT Public Toilet IHHL Individual House Hold Latrine SMA Swachh Maharashtra Abhiyan CSR Community Sector Responsibility BOQ Bill of Quantity GES Village Area & Gaothan Expansion Scheme NBC National Building Code SHG Self Help Group

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1.1 Background

At the backdrop of Swachh Maharathstra Abhiyan [SMA] and subsequent to City Sanitation Plan [CSP] the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation [NMMC] entrusted Waste Management & Research Centre [WMRC] of All India Institute of Local Self-Government [AIILSG], Mumbai the assignment to prepare the Assessment Report for Strategy for Open Defecation Free City. On the basis of inputs from NMMC officials and staff the WMRC prepared this report.

Map of NMMC Area

Chapter 1 Introduction

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1.2 Navi-Mumbai Municipal Corporation – City Profile

1.2.1 Location:

Navi-Mumbai is a part of south Konkan coastline. This coastline joins Sahyadri mountain ranges in south and 50 to 100 m high in east. Navi – Mumbai area lies between mountain ranges and coastline. Navi –Mumbai is located between 19°, 5’ and 19°, 15’ (N) latitude and 72°, 55’ and 73°, 5’ (E) longitude. Navi Mumbai on the mainland across the harbour is a major urban development project taken by government of Maharashtra. Navi Mumbai is the outcome of recommendation of the Mumbai Metropolitan Regional Planning Board, which submitted its report on January 1970. Navi Mumbai is developed through a specially constituted planning authority and fully owned government company, namely City & Industrial Development Corporation of Maharashtra (CIDCO). Regional Planners as well as special planning authority have applied their full expertise to provide the best physical environment to the city. The city has been provided with well planned amenities and infrastructure facilities to the best design practice of town planning and environmental norms.

1.2.2 Land use in Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation [NMMC] area:

Government of Maharashtra had identified total area of 343.70 sq km for Navi Mumbai. Out of this only 108.68 sq km area is under NMMC. This area includes residential, industrial, commercial, depots and warehouses, administrative areas, education campuses, roads, railways, parking spaces, open spaces for public use, gardens, crematorium, water supply, sewerage and electric supply facilities... There are 41,805 slum Households in 48 slum pockets in NMMC area. Major slums are located in Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation [MIDC] area. The current urban poor population is 2, 09,025. As per population forecast, 22.6% of the total population of the NMMC shall be urban poor in 2042. The ever-increasing number of slum dwellers causes tremendous pressure on urban basic services and infrastructure. In order to cope with massive problems that have emerged as a result of rapid urban growth, it has become imperative to draw up a coherent urbanization policy/strategy to implement projects for urban poor in NMMC.

Graph 1

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14 Villages from Kalyan notified areas are taken out of jurisdiction of NMMC. Total area under NMMC is 108.68 sq km

1.2.3 Demography:

Navi Mumbai is close to Mumbai. The Maharashtra Government industrial promotion policy leads to development of industrial belt in Navi Mumbai. These industries, in turn, attracted a large population as workers.

Many government and corporate offices have been shifted from Mumbai to Navi Mumbai. Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Engineering, Textile Processing, Petrochemical, Electronics, Oil and processing, Paper, Plastic, Steel and Food Industries in the Taloja, IT sector, SEZ, DAKC and Thane Belapur Industrial Belt of Navi Mumbai offer job opportunities of every conceivable kind- from engineers to mechanics and clerks to peons. As a result, a large population of service class and middle class population shifted to Navi Mumbai.

According to Census 2011, the total Population of Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation is 11, 19,477. The city has floating population of 2,50,000 approximately.

There are 8 Zones / 111 wards of NMMC and those are formed for recent NMMC election. Zone wise Population is as follows –

1.2.4 Health & Medical Facilities: Health services in Navi Mumbai include hospitals and clinics of every possible kind –Allopathic, Homeopathic, and Ayurvedic etc. For animal health care in Navi Mumbai quite a number of veterinary doctors are available. The NMMC takes care of the health of stray dogs by vaccinating them against various diseases.

1.2.5 Development Initiatives in NMMC Area:

i. Proposed Navi Mumbai International Airport in the vicinity.

ii. Proposed Navi Mumbai Metro - a rapid transit for the city of Navi Mumbai, India. The total system consists of 6 corridors covering a distance of 117.3 km. The entire system is planned to be elevated.

iii. Proposed Mono Rail.

iv. Navi Mumbai has excellent rail transport connection with Mumbai, Thane, Kalyan- Dombivali and other surroundings in Mumbai Metropolitan Region.

v. The Nerul – Uran Rail track of 27 kilometers is currently under construction

vi. Special Economic Zone

vii. IT Sector / ITES

viii. International InfoTech Park (I. I. P.) Vashi, Navi Mumbai

ix. International Technology Center - CBD Belapur

x. Millennium Business Park – Mahape

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xi. Airoli Knowledge Park (AKP)

xii. Dhirubhai Ambani Knowledge City (DAKC) – Ghansoli

xiii. BPO – Shaping Navi Mumbai as World-class City

xiv. Agricultural Produce Marketing Corporation (A.P.M.C) wholesale market at Vashi

1.2.6 Rapid Urbanizations of Navi Mumbai City :

i. Central Park, Kharghar

ii. Science Park, Belapur

iii. Jawaharlal Nehru Port Terminal [JNPT] is the largest transshipment terminal in the country, developed as regional hub port

iv. World Class shopping complex Multiplexes / Theatres Fitness/ Centers/ PublicParks/Fair Grounds/ Valley Park/Auditorium (Vishnudas Bhave auditorium)

v. The D. Y. Patil stadium incorporates the best-practices of cricket stadia around the world.

1.3 City Sanitation Plan [CSP] of NMMC under National Urban Sanitation Policy [NUSP] 1.3.1 The Twelfth Schedule of 74th Constitutional Amendments has provided the basis for states to assign functions to the Urban Local Bodies [ULBs]. As per the said Schedule eighteen tasks are defined as functional domain of the ULBS and put on their agenda, Public Health, Sanitation, Conservancy and Solid Waste Management, are amongst functions assigned as per the schedule.

1.3.2 Duties and Powers of the Municipal Authorities are indicated in chapter VI of the Maharashtra Municipal Corporation Act, 1949. The section 63 of the said Act describes the obligatory duties of the corporations. It is obligatory for corporation to make reasonable and adequate provision, by any means or measures which it is lawfully competent to use or to take for the following matters:

i. Urban forestry, protection of environment and promotion of ecological aspects ii. The watering, scavenging and cleaning of all public streets and places in the city

and the removal of all sweepings there from iii. The collection, removal, treatment and disposal of sewage, offensive matter and

rubbish and if so require by the State Government; the preparation of compost manure from such sewage, offensive matter and rubbish,

iv. The construction, maintenance and cleansing of drains and drainage work and of public latrines, water closets, urinals and similar conveniences.

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1.3.3 The National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP) is announced by the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), Government of India, (GOI) in August 2008.The overall Goal of the NUSP is to make all Indian cities totally sanitized, healthy and livable for all citizens, especially the urban poor. In pursuance of the policy, GOI is supporting cities to develop City Sanitation Plans. The MoUD has also formulated Service Level Benchmark (SLB) in four areas of service delivery Viz:-

A) Water Supply (WS)

B) Sewerage and Sanitation (SS)

C) Waste Management (SWM)

D) Storm Water Drainage (SWD).

1.3.4 The Water Supply & Sanitation Department (WSSD), Government of Maharashtra (GOM)submitted proposal for preparation of City Sanitation Plans (CSP) under NUSP, for 23Municipal Corporations in the Maharashtra State, to the MoUD, GOI in March 2010.Accordingly the MoUD, GOI accorded sanction to the preparation of the CSP for 19 Municipal Corporations vide GOI order dated:- 30th March 2010.The WSSD,GOM communicated to the NMMC to prepare CSP under NUSP vide Government letter no CSP 2010/CR49/WS-21dated:-13th April 2010.It was also communicated to NMMC about the appointment of Regional Centre For Urban and Environmental Studies (RCUES), All India Institute of Local Self Government(AIILSG), Mumbai for the capacity building of the Municipal Corporation for the preparation of CSP under NUSP.

According to NUSP, 2008, the City Sanitation Plan should cover the following aspects:

i. Plan for Development of Institutions / Organizations responsible for sanitation, and their roles and responsibilities.

ii. Plan for ensuring 100% Sanitation Access to different socio-economic groups, and related Operation & Maintenance [O&M] systems (including improving existing systems, supplementary facilities, O&M Management contracts using PPP and community management, etc.

iii. Costs and tariffs for service provision; iv. The issue of collection of dues needs to be emphasised as a means of ensuring

accountability as well as financial sustainability v. Investments and O&M systems for new development areas / market and public

places, and residential and other habitations vi. Plan for safe collection, conveyance and treatment of sanitary wastes

vii. Plan for M&E of implementation, and of achieving and sustaining 100% Sanitation (including use of community monitoring, etc.) Issues such as diminishing water resources, impact of climate change, use of low energy intensive onsite/decentralised wastewater treatment technologies, distributed utilities etc.

viii. Manpower issues such as adequate remuneration, hazardous nature of work, employment on transparent terms and conditions, use of modern and safe

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technology, provision of adequate safety equipment such as gloves, boots, masks, regular health checkups, medical and accident insurance cover etc.

ix. Plans for other aspects significant locally

1.3.5 In order to ensure that after the city or parts thereof do not slip back after the achievement of the milestone, there need to be systems instituted to ensure that this is not a one-time achievement but rather a permanent change in behaviour, systems and practices. The ULB will be able to do this more effectively if it involves other government agencies (Environment, Health related within and outside its own organization) NGOs, CBOs, the urban poor etc. The role of Citizens’ Groups in monitoring on a day-to-day basis is invaluable and should be mobilized especially for the protection of neighbourhoods, incremental improvements, as well as immediate reportage of any deviance that needs solutions.

1.3.6 The City Sanitation Plan [CSP] of NMMC under NUSP was prepared in 2012 by Regional Centre for Urban and Environmental Studies [RCUES], All India Institute of Local Self-Government [AIILSG], Mumbai, for Water Supply Department, Government of Maharashtra, supported by Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. The major elements of CSP were covered in the document. These elements are-

i. Sanitation and Open Defecation ii. Sewerage Management

iii. Solid Waste Management iv. Storm Water and Drainage v. Water Supply services

vi. Environmental Status vii. IES including Social Mapping

Considering the existing situation for all the elements and assessing the gap between ultimate requirements and existing status, a holistic framework for action (FFA) was prepared in the CSP. After assessing the quantities and unit rates the estimate cost of CSP for NMMC was worked out as Rs 551.96 crores.

1.3.7 The Mission statement, vision and objectives of the CSP of NMMC are as below:

a) Mission statement:

To protect, enhance and restore the natural environment for the well-being of all citizens of Navi-Mumbai Municipal Corporation.

b) Vision:

NMMC has vision to bring the city to International Standards with respect to infrastructural and environmental standards.

c) Objectives:

Objectives of NMMC in Preparing CSP in 2012were as follows:

i. Strengthening NMMC to provide or cause to provide, sustainable delivery of sanitation services.

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ii. Achieving Open Defecation Free [ODF] status for the City by March 2012. iii. 100% of human excreta and liquid waste from all sanitation facilities including

individual toilets, Group toilets/Community toilets/Public Toilets and mobile toilets to be disposed of safely.

iv. Achieving zero garbage city status. v. The best network of storm water drainage.

vi. Providing safe, Sufficient, Sustainable and equitable drinking water to all citizens. vii. Improving the Environmental Status of the city.

viii. O & M of all sanitary installations and water supply schemes for sustainability of water supply and sanitation services.

ix. Setting the standard of civic discipline.

1.3.8 The Status of ODF in 2012 as indicated in the CSP was as detailed below :-

According to Census 2001, the total population of NMMC was 7,03,947. The projected population of 2010was 12,10,000.

Out of 2,73,426 households total 2,28420 (83.54%) households were having individual toilets (Source:-NMMC Tax Register). There were 320 community toilet blocks and 46 Public Toilet blocks total 366 toilet blocks were having 4331 seats; all were constructed by NMMC through its own funds.

Out of total 4331 seats 2263 seats were reserved for the women and 2068 seats were reserved for men, and 85 were reserved for handicap.

1.3.9 Coverage of Toilets in 2012:

Out of 2,73,426 households total 2,28420 (83.54 %) households had individual toilets and population wise 10,10,834 had access to individual toilets. 45006 households i.e 1,97835(16.35 %) population did not have access to individual toilets. The community was using 366 community and public toilets (4331 seats). 1331 population i.e. (0.11%) not using toilets.

Total No. of households having access to individual toilets in 2012 :

Table No.1.1 - Total No. of households having access to individual toilets as per CSP 2012

Sr. No

Service Area

Total no of Families

Total no of Individual Toilets

Total no of individuals with

access to individual 01 All 8

Zones 273426 228420 1010834

Total 273426 228420 1010834

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1.3.10 Total population having access to Individual toilets/Public toilets/ Not using toilets.

Table No.1.2 - Total population having access to Individual toilets/Public toilets/ Not using toilets as per CSP 2012

Access to type of toilets population Covered Percentage

01 Population using individual toilets 1010834 83.54% 02 Population using Community and

Public toilets 197835 16.35%

03 Population not using toilets 1331 0.11% 04 Total Population 1210000

1.3.11 Operation and Maintenance of Existing Toilets in 2012 :

Most of the Community and Public Toilets were operated by CBO and NGO on Pay and Use basis. It was observed that they were finding it difficult to operate and maintain the toilet with user charges. Hence NMMC decided to give Rs. 250 / seat / month to CBO / NGO operating the toilet. Minor maintenance of the toilet was done by CBO / NGO, major maintenance was done by NMMC.

Table No. 1.3 – Community Toilets / Public Toilets operated by NGOs and CBOs as per CSP 2012

Sr. No Service Area Name of CBO / NGO

01 Belapur Sanitation Consultancy, Sulabh International

02 Nerul Vikas Construction, Sulabh International, Ambedkar Paryavaran

03 Vashi Chudasama Samaj Kalyan Sanstha, Sulabh International, Garud Enterprises, Janseva

04 Turbhe Sanitation Consultancy 05 Koparkhairne Amrut Seva Bhavi Sanstha,

Iryan Foundation 06 Ghansoli Mehtar Samaj Berojgar Kalyan Sanstha 07 Airoli Valmiki Mehtar Magasvargiya Prashikshan Sanstha

08 Digha Valmiki Mehtar Magasvargiya Prashikshan Sanstha

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1.3.12 Byelaws: No Separate Bye-Laws for Open Defecation, Action taken on nuisance generator as per The Maharashtra Municipal Corporations [MMC] Act. Fine amount was Rs. 100 for first time offence and Rs. 250 for second time offence. The fine was for littering in open and public places, defecating in open.

1.3.13 Departmental Structure: Deputy Municipal Commissioner [DMC] Parimandal 1 and DMC Parimandal 2 are Head of the Department. Additional Municipal Commissioner [AMC] and Ward Officers are assisting them.

Public Health Engineering Department is constructing and maintaining the toilets. Additional City Engineer is head of this department. At Zonal level Dy. Engineers are looking after day to day activities.

1.3.14 Open Defecation spots in NMMC as identified in CSP 2012

Table No.1.4 - Open Defecation spots in NMMC as identified in CSP 2012

Sr. No. Zone Area Name Spots

1 A Sambhaji Nagar Slum and Ramabai slum near CBD 1

2 A Behind crematorium Belapur Gaon 1

3 B Sector 24 Juhinagar Bricklane area unauthorized slums( they sit on railway track)

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4 B Gaondevi sector 10 unauthorized slums 1

5 B Shivaji Nagar near L P Bridge 1

6 B MEF Tyre Pipeline 1

7 C Koprigaon crematorium road 1

8 C Behind Koprigaon lake road 1

9 C Koprigaon near Pvne bridge 1

10 C Near Greenbelt crematorium sec.16 1

11 C Behind Vashigaon school 1

12 D Turbhe village/node sector 23 Janta Market Footpath 1

13 D Behind Turbhe stores quarry road/ Turbhe station parking area/ Dumping area

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14 D Hanuman Nagar, Turbhe naka Pfizer road Sanjivani Gurry 1

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Tekdi road

15 D Ambedkar nagar south MIDC sub road 1

16 D Indiranagar nalla/Ganpati Pada Khadan area 1

17 D Indiranagar Bagade company road 1

18 D Sanpadagaon Sec. 10, Juhinagar station road nala 1

19 E Near railway track Koparkhirane 1

20 E Near Adavali Bhutavali Water tank 1

1.3.15 Action Plan for ODF City in CSP 2012:

i. Immediate construction of 100 toilet seats. Construction of Baby toilets. ii. Incentives or Loan can be proposed for construction of individual toilets.

iii. Formation of Group of Officers, AMC will be head and DMC (Parimandal) will monitor the progress on monthly basis.

iv. Increase in the compensation amount of CBO/ NGO for operating and maintaining the community and public toilets.

v. Follow up with State Govt. for Slum Rehabilitation Authority [SRA] scheme as this will reduce open defecating people from existing slums.

vi. Strict monitoring of rule of compulsion of Labour toilet facility at site of construction of new buildings.

vii. Operation and maintenance of Public toilets by CBOs and NGOs on Pay & Use basis.

viii. Formation of Nuisance Detection Squad to control Open Defecation.

1.3.16 Areas Identified for Training and Capacity Building of related staff (Approximate number of persons to be trained 200)

i. Awareness for service available and Govt. rules and regulations regarding Sanitation and open defecation.

ii. Public Health iii. Low cost maintenance of Toilets iv. SLB and Colour coding concept of healthy City. v. UGD System Safe and Unsafe Toilet.

vi. Safe Hygienic Practice. vii. Physical Quality Life Index (PQLI)

viii. Environmental Quality Life Index (EQLI) ix. Environment Pollution Particularly Air Pollution because of OD. x. Role and Involvement of NGOs and CBOs.

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1.3.17 Requirement for additional toilets indicated in CSP 2012:

Table No. 1.5 - Requirement for additional toilets indicated in CSP 2012:

(Amount in lakhs of Rs.)

Sr. No.

Item Total Requirement Cost Per Unit

Remarks

1 Additional Toilets 100 Seats 1,30,000 1 Cr. 30 Lakhs

2 IEC cost 8 zones 5,00,000 40 Lakhs

1 Cr. 70 Lakhs

Land Cost

Table No. 1.6 - Land Cost as per CSP 2012

(Amount in lakhs of Rs.)

Sr. No.

Item Total Requirement Cost Per Unit Remarks

1 Land Cost 2.5 m2 for each toilet

250 m 2 20000 / m2 50,00,000

Total Cost: 2,20,00,000 ( Rs. Two Cr. Twenty Lakhs Only)

1.3.18 Annual Operation & Maintenance cost:

Table No.1.7 - Annual Operation & Maintenance cost as per CSP 2012

(Cost in Rupees)

Sr. No.

Item Total Requirement

Cost Per Unit

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

1 Additional Toilet

100 5000/ year

5,00,000

5,00,000

5,00,000

5,00,000

5,00,000

Total Capital Cost: 2,20,00,000 (2 Cr. 20 Lacs) Total O & M Cost: 25,00,000 (25 Lacs)

1.3.19 Investment Plan - Macro Level

1.3.19.1 Toilet Coverage

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Table No. 1.8 - Toilet Coverage as per CSP 2012

Only Capital Cost (Rupees in Crore)

Indicator Benchmark Present Situation

To be Achieved

Fund requirement

NMMC GOM GOI

Toilet Coverage

100% 99.89% 0.11% 2.20 0.44 0.22 1.54

Note: For rounding the figure, adjustment in percentage of expenditure is done.

1.4 Request by NMMC to revise the CSP(2012) of NMMC exclusively for ODF element

The MoUD, GoI has launched the Swachh Bharat Mission [SBM] on 2nd October 2014. The guidelines for implementation of SBM have been published in December 2014. Para 3 of the guidelines clearly states that without proper City Sanitation Plan as indicated in NUSP 2008 comprehensive planning cannot be achieved to attain the objectives of SBM. NMMC has prepared CSP under NUSP in 2012. However the CSP will have to be revised in consonance with the Guidelines of the SBM 2014. NMMC has therefore assigned the work of the revision of CSP in relation to the ODF elements only to WMRC, AIILSG, Mumbai vide its letter No. NMMC/SMA/57/2016 dated 1st April, 2016.NMMC has requested to prepare Revised City sanitation Plan for NMMC based on latest population and need of the City.

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2.1 Details of survey of 2012 by AIILSG in regards to Open Defecation [OD] spot.

Subsequent initiative of NMMC for situational analysis of Open Defecation leading towards implementation of ODF. City NMMC entrusted the work of the situational analysis of the OD in the city and Action Plan to make the city ODF. Accordingly the report was prepared by the RCUES, AIILSG, Mumbai.

Following points were highlighted in the report 2012:

i. There are 345-350 community / public blocks in the city and its O&M is with various NGOs and CBOs. Out of these access to some toilets are free and for some toilet user charges are being charged by NGOs / CBOs. NMMC has made a contract with all these NGOs / CBOs for O&M of toilet blocks. The Additional Commissioner suggested reviewing the contract and suggesting suitable revision for effective O&M by the NGOs / CBOs.

ii. Besides, possibilities of O&M of Community Toilets in slums by users with forming "Mohalla Committees" is also being explored for better hygiene and cleanliness. This will ensure ownership awareness by users towards toilet / sanitation facilities.

iii. The issue relating to be latrines constructed in land pertaining to CIDCO and MIDC was also discussed. It was stated by the NMMC officials that for the communities of the slums situated in MIDC / CIDCO authority are not allowing to construct toilets. Two such community toilet blocks have been demolished by the MIDC. This is one of the reasons for Open Defecation Spots in the city.

iv. At some place semi permanent type of Fiber Reinforce Plastic [FRP] toilets have been constructed. Few Child friendly toilets have been constructed.

v. There is a 0.11% open defecation in the city. vi. For proper maintenance of the community toilets for 100% ODF city, Information

Education & Communication activities as well as capacity building of sanitary inspectors, NGOs/CBOs and caretakers is necessary. The team of AIILSG visited all the 8 zones to get detailed information about community and public toilets in the respective wards. The team also discussed issues related to usage / O&M of community / public toilets and Open defecation. The team of AIILSG prepared a questionnaire for survey of all the community / public / mobile toilets in NMMC area. The survey was conducted by the AIILSG.

2.2 The findings of the survey A. Willingness to pay user charges –

i. During the visit it was observed that in Diwalegaon near pump house toilet, (Belapur) community is regularly paying user charges. Even though the care taker is away for some reason community pay the user charges.(i.e. they place the user charges on caretaker table)

Chapter 2 Initiatives of NMMC to Implement the CSP

23

ii. Caretakers’ face the problem to collect Toilet usage charge by the users because Community is not willing to pay as the toilet facilities are not maintained properly.

iii. It is observed that in the contract of NGOs /CBOs there is no mention as to how much charges the agency should charge from the users. So there is a variance in collection of user charges by the agency ranging from Rs 1 to 3.

iv. During the discussion some users expressed their willingness to pay the user Charges if the toilets are properly maintained on daily basis.

v. Most of the toilet blocks do not have Notice Board indicating the user charges. This seems to be one of the reasons for not paying the user charges.

vi. Some toilets are ‘free’ toilets i.e. - no user charges are being charged. So this is also one of the reasons for community not paying user charges for pay & use toilets & desire to have free facility.

B. Operation & Maintenance of the Toilets - i. Regular maintenance of the toilet is lacking

ii. In most of the toilets seats internal locking system is broken.

iii. In some of the toilets seats, water taps are broken, provided with common taps.

iv. Most of the fiber doors are burnt by the cigarettes.

v. In some of the Toilet blocks Roofs are leaking

vi. In most of the toilet blocks users are spitting in & outside of the toilet.

vii. In some of the toilet blocks users are throwing empty Gutkha Packets, wine bottles in the toilets

viii. In some of the toilets, women are throwing sanitary pads.

ix. Most of the Baby & Handicap toilets are not in use as they are not user friendly.

x. In most of the toilet exhaust fans are not in working conditions.

xi. In most of the toilet basins are not in a working condition.

C. Open Defecation Spots as per CSP 2012 i. Belapur zone - 16 spots

ii. Nerul zone - 8 spots

iii. Vashi zone - 3 spots

iv. Turbhe zone - 23 spots

v. Koparkhairane zone - 11 spots

vi. Ghansoli zone - 11 spots

vii. Digha zone - 12 spots

viii. Airoli zone - 11 spots

---------------------------------------------------------------- Total - 95 spots

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2.3 Comments on Contract between NMMC & NGO /CBO for Operation & maintenance of toilet blocks (seats) in NMMC area

i. Contract provision with the agency (NGO) for 30 years need to be reviewed. It should be 5 years.

ii. It has not been checked whether agency have insured the toilet block. The copy of the insurance of the toilet block to be displayed on the front side of the toilet blocks.

iii. Day to day report of operation & maintenance & cleanliness of the toilet block is to be monitored by the owner of the agency & on weekly basis by the senior officer of NMMC. For cleanliness point of view & also for monitoring Community counter signature on the weekly report should be taken.

iv. In the contract it is also observed that for operation & maintenance & cleanliness, NMMC will pay Rs. 200/250 per month. These charges are to be reviewed yearly.

v. It is not mentioned in the contract that how much charges the agency will charge by the users. If it says 50 paisa or Rs.1/2 it has to be clearly written in the front side (to be visible) of the toilet block. So the users know the charges.

vi. In the contract It is also mentioned that the toilet block to be opened 24 hrs for the users. It is necessary that the care taker should stay in the care taker room for 24 hrs.

vii. As per the contract, the agency needs to monitor the theft or misuse of the toilet.

viii. It is also mentioned in the contract the agency has to be maintain the register of day to day income. This is not being monitored.

ix. The agency need more professional in their services. It will help to maintain good quality of services for the users.

2.4 Reasons for Open Defecation:

A. Lack of Community Role - i. Community does not have knowledge about the linkages of hygiene & health &

economic welfare.

ii. Those who have knowledge about the linkages of hygiene & health & economic welfare are not ready to mend their ways & change the behavioral pattern.

iii. Community is not aware about the scientific & proper usage of the toilet.

iv. Community is not aware / ready to accept the ownership, i.e. - the toilet blocks are meant for them & they have the responsibility to protect it / keep it clean. The tendency is the result of constructing the toilet blocks without following the guidelines of the state government. The guidelines state that, community toilets should be constructed after the rounds of discussion with the community & community taking the responsibility of maintaining it.

25

v. Community is not being fined for resorting to open defecation till June 2016. Recent observations show activities of Nuisance Detection squad established.

vi. There is no residence Committee / Mohalla Committee to supervise / monitor the O&M of the toilet blocks.

B. Absence of proper Byelaws i. The separate byelaws for toilet usage & O&M of community & Public toilets &

heavy fine for resorting to open defecation is not there.

C. Roles & Responsibilities

i. Roles & responsibility of the Officers / Staff of the Municipal Corporation have not been clearly defined.

ii. Roles & responsibility of each & every personnel relating to toilet construction / O&M have not been defined.

iii. There is no co-ordination amongst the related departments & integrated management for construction of Community / Public toilets / O&M within NMMC e.g. Public Works Department / Sanitation / Health / Tax Recovery for providing access to toilet facilities & for prohibiting OD in areas.

D. Infrastructure i. Some of the toilet blocks are old & it is not possible for O&M agency to repair or

maintain it. ii. Baby toilets / toilets for Handicap persons are not user friendly.

iii. Quality of Infrastructure needs to be maintained. iv. Notice / Name boards including direction boards on main roads / chawls depicting

toilet locations are missing.

E. Role of Corporators:

Corporators are not aware of the situation & not taking active part in improving the proper usage & O&M of toilets as well as prohibiting the open defecation in their areas.

F. Role of O&M agency:

i. Caretaker’s specific roles & responsibilities have not been laid down in the contract.

ii. No mention of user charges in the contract. At least minimum & maximum range should be mentioned.

iii. O&M agencies are not monitoring the role / responsibilities of caretaker & also no reporting of O&M is being forwarded to the NMMC as per the contract. NMMC also is not following for the O&M report from the agencies.

G. Slums in MIDC / CIDCO areas :

MIDC / CIDCO are not allowing the NMMC for construction of toilets in its area. So, this is one of the reasons for increasing Open Defecation Spots. MIDC /CIDCO do not allocate and handover plots for toilet facilities in spite of reminders by NMMC.

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2.5 Action Plan

For awareness generation & Information Education & Communication Programme for making Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation ODF City.

A. Scope of the Action Plan -

NMMC in its draft CSP has mentioned its Vision relating to Sanitation as “To bring the City to International standards with respect to Infrastructure & Environmental standards.”

Similarly, the Mission statement of NMMC relating to Sanitation as mentioned in the CSP is “To protect, enhance & restore the natural environment for the well-being of all citizens of Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation”.

It is evident from the Vision & Mission statement that NMMC aims to become ‘World Class City’. Obviously, NMMC should provide high level of Sanitation services to its Urban Poor, mostly situated in 48 Slums of 8 zones. The total urban poor population is 3, 01,450 & total Households are 57,725 & the Household size is 5.2.

Though in the CSP number of population not using toilet & is resorting to Open Defecation is indicated as 0.11% i.e.- 1331 persons, in a Field survey by AIILSG Team the number seems to be more. In CSP 2012, 20 Open Defecation spots have been identified whereas; AIILSG Team has surveyed 95 Open Defecation spots in subsequent survey.

Therefore, the targeted population & Households for Awareness generation & IEBC for making NMMC Open Defecation Free City is 3, 01,450 & 57,725 respectively. The Action Plan is prepared for the targeted population & the Households.

B. Community awareness / Information, Education Behavioural Change [IEBC] Activities -

i. Family Health Welfare Camps for two days in all Slum areas & areas around the Open Defecation Spots to be organized in a Mission mode to imbibe the importance of use of toilets from health point of view & make aware the community about the direct linkages of toilet use / health status & economic welfare of the family. The Medical camps to be organized by Health Departments of the NMMC & Doctors / Nurses will be present in the camp in dress code to aware & guide the Community. The officers of the Sanitation Department / Sanitary Inspectors / Officers will also participate along with the medical staff.

ii. The medical camp programme will be chalked out by the AIILSG in consultation with the Health Department / Sanitation Department & the Corporators.

iii. Health camp will be organized in the Municipal Corporation schools for two days & school teachers will guide & make aware the children about the usage of toilets for health point of view. The children Health camp will also be chalked out by the AIILSG in consultation with school departments & Sanitation Department of NMMC. The children will be selected as Swachhta Doot & will be trained for IEC generation in the households & all the market place / Public places.

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iv. During the medical camps the team of young brigades will be selected & trained for each slum for taking up the agenda of proper usage of toilets & O&M & payment of charges. Also this young Brigade will supervise & guide the community for formation of Area Sanitation Committee / Mohalla Committee roles & responsibilities of the committees will be defined & committees will be established by NMMC & AIILSG will trained the committee through Young Brigade.

v. The Community Led Total Sanitation [CLTS] approach in all slums will be adopted to motivate the community to construct individual toilets / group toilets wherever possible. The CLTS training will be conducted by the AIILSG team.

vi. Those young Brigade / Residence Committee / Mohalla Committee desires to run the toilet blocks, they will be trained by AIILSG.

C. Active Participation by all Municipal Corporators-

i. All the Municipal Corporators will take Sanitation Sabha in the slums & around Open Defecation spots in the respective area to appeal the community for using the toilets & helping in keeping the toilet blocks & surrounding area clean & also for not resorting to Open Defecation.

ii. Municipal Corporators should be responsible for Sanitation discipline in their respective area.

D. NGOs / CBOs in NMMC area - i. The selected NGOs / CBOs will be trained in awareness generation & IEBC in

‘Sanitation Discipline’ ii. The trained NGOs / CBOs should be entrusted the responsibility of awareness

generation & IEBC in ‘Sanitation Discipline’ in slum areas. iii. NGOs /CBOs desires of running the toilet blocks, they will be trained by AIILSG.

E. Role of O&M Agency - i. Contract of O&M should be revised so that rigorous monitoring by O&M agency

itself & also NMMC could be done. Contract format will be revised by the AIILSG.

ii. Training of proper usage of toilets, communication skills will be given to the caretakers in turn they should train the users.

F. Role of NMMC - i. Health department Health issues in slum area could be identified & generation of

awareness & IEC will be based on that. Thus trust building for Healthy / wealthy & complete family welfare will be the Motto for the awareness generation.

ii. Sanitation Byelaws should be prepared & implementation should rigorously done by the NMMC.

iii. Roles / Responsibilities of all offices / staff should be clearly defined. Special Cell for monitoring, supervising the Sanitation discipline in the city especially in urban poor area should be established ward wise.

iv. Good morning squad should be continued till the OD spots are not cleared.

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v. The toilet blocks / seats that are not functional should be repaired urgently. However while doing so community should be consulted & entrusted the roles responsibilities of monitoring the proper usage of toilets.

vi. New Blocks should be constructed only after consultation with the community & formation of Residence / Mohalla Committee which is ready to take the responsibility & maintain the Sanitation discipline.

vii. All the toilet blocks should be provided with water / electricity & doors along with internal locking system.

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3.1 Revised Population.

In earlier chapters the basis of information was Census 2001 and further projections. Since this document is under preparation in 2016 the census data for 2011 is now made available which is depicted as follows :

Population of NMMC is 11, 19,477 as per census 2011 Existing population is 14, 37,000 approximately. The population trend as indicated in the Community Development Plan [CDP] of NMMC is as below:

Table No. 3.1 – Population trend as indicated in the CDP of NMMC

Sr.

no.

Year Population Increase Projection Source

1 1991 3,07,724 ---- ---- Census

2 2001 7,04,000 128.77% ---- Census

3 2011 11,20,000 60.51% ---- Census

4 2021 ---- ---- 22,20,363 CDP NMMC

3.2 Other Information No. of Households- 2,09,025 No. of slums- 48 Slum population - 2,09,025 Floating Populations – 2,50,000 No. of slum household – 41,805 No. of villages included in NMMC – 30. Area of the city – 108.68 sq. Km. No. of wards – 111 No. of zone – 8 as detailed below:

1. Belapur 2. Nerul 3. Vashi 4. Turbhe 5. Kopakhairne 6. Ghansoli 7. Airoli 8. Digha

Chapter 3 Nature of Revised Data

30

Status of latrines in households ( lack of latrines / sanitary latrines) ( as per 2011 census)

The SBM of GoI, has set target of 17294 OD families as per census 2011. However, as per survey carried out at wards level in July 2015 revealed total 3398 OD families.

No. of Single pit latrines – No such latrines are in existence.

No. of Household latrines having other insanitary latrines - No such latrines are in existence.

3.3 Open Defecation Spots – Zone wise

Table No. 3.2 - NMMC - Open Defecation Spots (as per survey conducted by NMMC officers in month of 2016)

Serial No.

Zone OD spots

1 Belapur Darawe Nod ( Darawe gaon)

Nerul Node- 10

Nerul Node- 11

Belapur Node – 1

1) Income tax colony

2) Rahul Nagar

3) Agroli Gaon

4) Tata Nagar

Belapur Node – 3

1) Durgamata Nagar

2) Sambhaji Nagar

3) Ramabai Nagar

Diwale Gaon

Belapur Shahabaz

Panchshil Nagar

Karave Gaon Saiwadi

2 Nerul Mahatma Gandhi Nagar

D. R. Patil Quarry

H. P. Quarry

Tata press Quarry and Ramesh Patil Quarry

Shivaji Nagar

Sector 9 Katkari pada Nerul

Sector 20 Balaji Tekdi Nerul

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3 Vashi Nil

4 Turbhe Turbhe Store Railway Station area

Near Patrol Pump

Turbhe Store Gauri Quarry Road

Hanuman Nagar

Pfizer Road near toilet

Ganpatipada

5 Koparkhairne Adavali Bhutavali gaon

Hanuman Nagar

Khairne MIDC Katkari Pada

Shramik Nagar Galicha K to A 773

Pavne MIDC

Railway Line Area and some area

6 Ghansoli Sai baba nagar

Nausil naka

7 Airoli Yadav nagar

Chinchpada

Chinchpada – Gavtewadi

Airoli Node – 1

8 Digha Ishwar nagar Vijay nagar

Anid nagar Sathe nagar

Bali nagar Pandhri nagar

Sadguru nagar Digha east

Ram nagar Ilthanpada

Mahatma Phule Nagar Knahaiya nagar

Savitribai Nagar Pandhri nagar

Ishwar Nagar Subhash Nagar

Ambedkar Nagar Anjay Gandhi nagar

Ganesh nagar Namdev nagar

Bindumadhav nagar Digha village

Durga nagar Krushnawadi

Ganpati pada Bindumadhav nagar

Vishnu nagar

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3.4 Types of toilets Table No. 3.3 – Details of Proposed NAMMA type Smart Toilet works in NMMC Nodal

Area.

Sr. No.

Name of work Zone Type Nos. of

Seats

Approx. Cost

(Rs.In Lakhs)

Status

1 Installation of NAMMA type Smart Public Toilet Opp. CIDCO Bhavan in CBD Belapur.

Belapur PT 6 15.98 Detailed estimate prepared.

2 Installation of NAMMA type Smart Public Toilet near Sector 3Bus Terminus Nerul.

Nerul PT 4 12.18 Detailed estimate prepared.

3 Installation of NAMMA type Smart Public Toilet at Bus Terminus Vashi.

Vashi PT 8 24.96 Detailed estimate prepared.

4 Installation of NAMMA type Smart Public Toilet near Fruit Market Sector 19, APMC Turbhe.

Turbhe PT 2 9.99 Detailed estimate prepared.

5 Installation of NAMMA type Smart Public Toilet near Rly station Sector 5, Koparkhairane

Koparkhairane PT 4 12.11 Detailed estimate prepared.

6 Installation of NAMMA type Smart Public Toilet near Nibban Tekadi,

Ghansoli. PT 8 21.20 Detailed estimate prepared. Alternative location proposed.

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7 Installation of NAMMA type Smart Public Toilet at Bus Terminus Sector 3, Airoli.

Airoli PT 2 9.98 Detailed estimate prepared.

8 Installation of NAMMA type Smart Public Toilet at Sane Guruji Garden, Digha.

Digha PT 4 12.08 Detailed estimate prepared.

Total 38 118.48

The total 7 seats NAMMA Toilet (redesignated as Smart Toilet) is installed near Pfizer Company by M/S Lubrizol India Pvt. Ltd. through CSR with seats for women, Physically Handicapped Women, Physically Handicapped Men and baby seat.

NMMC has planned installation of such 8 more number of user friendly Smart toilets as add on facility, each one per zone.

3.5 List of Ongoing / Completed works of CT-PT through CSR.

Table No. 3.4- List of Ongoing / Completed works of CT-PT through CSR

Sr. No

Locations Type Nos. of Seats

Zone CSR Agency Approx. Cost

(Rs. In Lakhs)

Status

1 Construction of community toilet block at Bhimnagar

CT 20 Ghansoli M/s. Shipping Corporation of India

12.50 Completed.

2 Construction of NAMMA type Smart Toilet at Fizer Road, Turbhe.

CT 07 Turbhe M/s. Lubizol India Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai. (LIPL)

15.00 Nearing completion

3 Installation of Smart Her Toilets in various location in NMMC Area.

PT 12 Belapur, Nerul, Vashi,Turbhe,Koparkhairane, Airoli.

M/s. Reliance Jio Info comm, Mumbai.

240.00 Scheme finalized. MoU to be executed.

4 Construction of RCC (G+ 1) toilet at Ambedkarnagar.

CT 20 Ghansoli M/s. Oil Field Instrument India Ltd. (OFIL)

40.00 Permission granted in principle. MoU to be executed

Total 57

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Table No. 3.5 indicates the works undertaken by NMMC through its own budget. Table shows the completed works, works which are in progress and works which are in the stage of tendering or in work order.

3.6 List of CT-PT works through NMMC Budget Head

Table No. 3.5 - List of CT-PT completed or in progress works which were undertaken through NMMC Budget Head.

Sr. No

Name of work Zone Type Nos. Of

Seats

Approx Cost

(Rs. In Lakhs)

Status

1 Providing and fixing portable container type Community Toilet with Bio-Digester Technology at Tatanagar slum in Zone No. 1 (South) Belapur Ward.

Belapur CT 10 16.95 Work Completed

2 Providing and fixing portable container type Community Toilet with Bio- Digester Technology at Rahul nagar Slum in Zone No. 1 (South) Belapur Ward.

Belapur CT 10 16.95 Work Completed

3 Providing and fixing portable container type Community Toilet with Bio-Digester Technology at Durgamata nagar Slum in Zone No. 1 (South), Belapur Ward.

Belapur CT 10 16.95 Progress

4 Providing and fixing portable container type Community Toilet with Bio-Digester Technology near Vishal Hotel Saroj Quarry in Zone No. 1 (South) Nerul Ward.

Nerul CT 10 17.01 Work Completed

5 Providing and fixing portable container type Community Toilet with Bio-Digester Technology near Nirmal Nove Company D. R. Patil Quarry in Zone No. 1 (South) Nerul Ward.


6 Providing and fixing portable container type Community Toilet with Bio-Digester Technology at Mahatma Gandhi Nagar back of Pravin RMC plant in Zone No. 1 (South) Nerul Ward.


7 Providing and fixing portable container type Community Toilet with Bio-Digester Technology near Plot No. D-194 front of


35

Unitech Company near Nalla in Zone No. 1 (South), Nerul Ward.

8 Providing and fixing of modern type (NAMMA) Public toilet in Ward No.65, Sector 30A, Vashi Opp. Raghulila Mall (Zone No. 2 - West).

Vashi PT 2 9.49 The work is in tendering/ work- order stage.

9 Providing and fixing portable container type Community Toilet with Bio-Digester Technology at Vashi Gaon near pump house in Zone No.02(West) Vashi Ward.

Vashi CT 10 16.94 Progress

10 Providing and fixing portable container type Community Toilet with Bio-Digester Technology at Aadivasipada Slum in Zone No. 2 (East) Turbhe Ward.

Turbhe CT 10 17.01 Progress

11 Providing and fixing portable container type Community Toilet with Bio- Digester Technology at Indiranagar Slum in Zone No. 2 (East) Turbhe Ward.


12 Providing and fixing portable container type Community Toilet with Bio-Digester Technology at Bonsari Gaon Slum in Zone No. 2 (East) Turbhe Ward.


13 Supplying & Installation of E-toilets near Bavkhaleshwar mandir in Koparkhairane ward & near Dr. D.Y. Patil Stadium at Nerul ward.

Nerul & Koparkhairane

PT 2 16.88 Progress

14 Providing and fixing portable container type Community Toilet with Bio-Digester Technology at Aadvali Bhutavli near Tamarind Tree / old toilet Slum (for Female) in Zone No. 3 (West) Koparkhairane Ward.

Koparkhairane CT 10 16.95 Work Completed

15 Providing and fixing portable container type Community Toilet with Bio-Digester Technology at Aadvali Bhutavli near Tamarind Tree / old toilet Slum (for Male) in Zone No. 3 (West) Koparkhairane Ward.


36

16 Providing and fixing portable container type Community Toilet near Shramik nagar (For Female) in Zone No. 3 (West) Koparkhairane Ward.


17 Providing and fixing portable container type Community Toilet near Shramik nagar (For male) in Zone No. 3(West) Koparkhairane Ward.


18 Providing and fixing portable container type Community Toilet with Bio-Digester Technology at Shuladevi Nagar Varlipada slum in Zone No. 3(West) Koparkhairane Ward.


19 Providing and fixing portable container type Community Toilet with Bio-Digester Technology at Aadvali Bhutavli near Tabela Slum in Zone No. 3(West) Koparkhairane Ward.


20 Providing and fixing portable container type Community Toilet with Bio-Digester Technology at Aadvali Bhutavli near Smashanbhumi Slum in ZoneNo. 3 (West) Koparkhairane Ward.


21 Construction of RCC 4 Seated public toilet at Nature Park in Koparkhairane Ward.

Koparkhairane PT 4 18.94 Progress

22 Construction of Public Toilet at Rabada Sharkar Aali on place of existing old toilet in Ghansoli Ward.

Ghansoli CT 16 34.87 The work is in tendering/ work-order stage.

23 Providing and fixing temporary container type Public Toilet at PrabhagNo. 19 at Nibban Tekdi near Police Chowki in Ghansoli Ward.

Ghansoli CT 10 12.10 Work Completed

24 Providing and fixing Container type Community Toilet with Bio-Digester Technology at Samratnagar near Lake

Ghansoli CT 10 16.82 The work is in Progress.

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Adivasipada Slum in Zone No. 3(West) Ghansoli Ward.

25 Construction of 20 Seated Community Toilet at Gautam nagar in GhansoliWard.

Ghansoli CT 20 14.37 Work Completed

26 Providing and fixing Container type Community Toilet with Bio-Digester Technology at Yadav Nagar Slum in Zone No. 4 (North) Airoli Ward.

Airoli CT 10 16.67 Work Completed

27 Providing and fixing Container type Community Toilet with Bio-Digester Technology at Samta Nagar Slum in Zone No. 4 (North) Airoli Ward.

Airoli CT 10 16.67 Work Completed

28 Providing and fixing portable container type Community Toilet with Bio-Digester Technology at Sathe Nagar near NMMC public toilet block Slumin Zone No. 4 (North) Digha Ward.

Digha CT 10 16.95 Work Completed

29 Providing and fixing portable container type Community Toilet with Bio-Digester Technology at Ishwar Nagar near Mannubhai Maidan (Male) in Zone No. 4 (North) Digha Ward.


30 Providing and fixing portable container type Community Toilet with Bio-Digester Technology at Ishwar Nagar near Mannubhai Maidan (Female) in Zone No. 4 (North) Digha Ward.


Total 294 505.57

NMMC had undertaken works of installation of total 30 toilets comprising 27community toilets and 3 public toilets at various places in the city. The toilets were portable container type community toilets with Bio-digester technology, Smart/e-Toilet etc. Out of work at 30 places, work at 20 places have been completed, another 8 places work is in progress and at two places the work is in stage of tendering or issue of work order.

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Table 3.6- Door to Door Open Defecation Survey Data (SBM)

Sr. No

Zone Survey Open Defecation

Received application for IHHL

1 2 3 4 5

1 Belapur 2225 492 235

2 Nerul 1618 241 164

3 Turbhe 7301 905 856

4 Vashi 348 86 0

5 Koparkhairne 2278 949 298

6 Ghansoli 3541 252 157

7 Airoli 8786 179 558

8 Digha 5449 294 262

Total 31546 3398 2530

Table 3.7 -Shelter Associate (SA) Individual Toilet targets

Ward Slum Total

HHs Families already

having own individual

toilet

Families that can connect to existing

drainage line

Total HHs that can

connect to proposed

drainage line

CBD Belapur

Ramabai Ambedkar and Sambhaji Nagar

578 00 47 531

Durgamata Nagar 327 00 -- --

Rahul Nagar 55 00 -- --

Airoli Samata Nagar 654 89 148 279

Airoli Naka 514 173 162 19

Ganpati Colony 172 104 40 21

Sainath Wadi 828 252 221 331

Ghansoli Nosil Naka 2317 42 00 439

Digha Sanjay Gandhi Vasahat

783 68 00 00

Total 6228 728 618 1620

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4.1 Activities for making NMMC ODF by December, 2016

One of the main objectives of SBM is elimination of open defecation. To achieve this objective NMMC will have to focus on the following activities –

i. To construct individual toilets for all the households where space is available. ii. Where space is constraint option of group toilet can be explored.

iii. If individual toilet and group toilet is not possible because of the space constraint, community toilets should be provided as per the norms of the SBM guidelines.

iv. Public toilet for floating population should be provided as per the norms of the SBM guidelines.

v. System of a proper excreta disposal should be provided while constructing individual / group/ Community & Public toilets.

vi. Ensuring proper operation and maintenance of facilities. vii. Providing sufficient number of toilets may not result in open defecation free city

unless Awareness / Information, Education and Communication (IEC) and Behavioural Change Communication programme is implemented rigorously.

viii. The rules, regulations, bye – laws should be framed for sanitation discipline. ix. Fine and punishments for not abiding by the rules, regulations and bye – laws

should be imposed. x. Continuous monitoring of all the above activities necessary to ensure the

sustainable Open Defecation Free City. xi. Finally ensuring budget provision for all above activities.

xii. Achieving ODF status, upgrading to ODF + and ODF + status. 4.2 National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP) The overall goal of National Urban Sanitation Policy is to transform Urban India into community-driven, totally sanitized, healthy and liveable cities and towns. The specific goals include awareness generation and behaviour change, achieving Open Defecation Free cities, re-orienting Institutions and mainstreaming sanitation, safe disposal of waste from sanitary facilities and proper operation and maintenance of all sanitary installations.

There are a number of factors, constraints and opportunities that are peculiar to specific situation of states and cities with respect to sanitation. The factors are climate, physiographic factors, economic, social, political parameters, institutional variables, etc. Therefore each state and city needs to formulate its own sanitation strategy.

The National Urban Sanitation Policy identified the following core principles that need to be addressed and which can be used as a guide by the city.

i. Institutional Roles and Responsibilities ii. Awareness Generation for changing mindsets

iii. City-wide Approach

Chapter 4 Activities for Making NMMC ODF by December, 2016

40

iv. Technology Choice v. Reaching the un-served and poor

vi. Client focus and Generation of Demand vii. Sustained Improvements

For preparatory action, firstly a city sanitation task force will be formed. It will be responsible for launching the city 100% sanitation campaign, generating awareness among the citizens and stakeholders, undertaking field visits to supervise the work, approving the city sanitation plan, providing overall guidance to the implementing agency etc. The Task Force will meet formally frequently (at least once in two months) in the initial stages to monitor and guide the process of planning and implementation. It will assign institutional responsibilities for planning and implementation of the city's sanitation plan.

The implementing agency will collate the information on sanitation that exists with the ULB itself and other agencies in the city. This will include demographic, institutional, technical, social and financial information. All the data collected must be amenable to linking to an existing or proposed Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for the city. One of the methods of making the data collation and database preparation process efficient and adaptive to planning and implementation actions, is to break it down into simplified components.

After a reasonable amount of data has been collated from secondary and primary sources, and the Task Force is in place, the first task will be of launching a citywide 100% Sanitation Campaign. Appropriate media like Newspapers, TV and city and ward / neighbourhood level programs (sweeping streets, health camps, tree-planting etc.) may be engaged.

The task of planning and finding sources of funding will be of the Task Force, but carried out by the Implementing Agency. At all stages, the plans must be comprehensive and cover the whole of the city, and not just one part or aspect. Therefore, a number of innovative measures may have to be used. The Government of India’s various schemes are the key programs to source funding resources apart from State Government’s own resources.

4.3 Coverage of CSP According to NUSP, 2008, the City Sanitation Plan should cover the following aspects:

i. Plan for Development of Institutions / Organizations responsible for sanitation,

and their roles and responsibilities. ii. Plan for ensuring 100% Sanitation Access to different socio-economic groups, and

related O&M systems (including improving existing systems, supplementary facilities, O&M Management contracts using PPP and community management, etc.

iii. Costs and tariffs for service provision; iv. The issue of collection of dues needs to be emphasised as a means of ensuring

accountability as well as financial sustainability v. Investments and O&M systems for new development areas / market and public

places, and residential and other habitations

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vi. Plan for safe collection, conveyance and treatment of sanitary wastes vii. Plan for M&E of implementation, and of achieving and sustaining 100%

Sanitation (including use of community monitoring, etc.)Issues such as diminishing water resources, impact of climate change, use of low energy intensive onsite/decentralised wastewater treatment technologies, distributed utilities etc.

viii. Manpower issues such as adequate remuneration, hazardous nature of work, employment on transparent terms and conditions, use of modern and safe technology, provision of adequate safety equipment such as gloves, boots, masks, regular health checkups, medical and accident insurance cover etc.

ix. Plans for other aspects significant locally

In order to ensure that after the city or parts thereof do not slip back after the achievement of the milestone, there need to be systems instituted to ensure that this is not a one-time achievement but rather a permanent change in behaviour, systems and practices. The ULB will be able to do this more effectively if it involves other government agencies (Environment, Health related within and outside its own organization) NGOs, CBOs, the urban poor etc. The role of Citizens’ Groups in monitoring on a day-to-day basis is invaluable and should be mobilized especially for the protection of neighbourhoods, incremental improvements, as well as immediate reportage of any deviance that needs solutions.

4.4 SBM in relation to ODF components SBM is being implemented by the Ministry of Urban Development (MOUD) and by the

Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MODWS) for urban and rural areas respectively. All the statutory towns are to be covered under the mission. The SBM is launched on 2nd October 2014.

4.4.1 Mission Objectives

i. Elimination of open defecation ii. Eradication of Manual scavenging

iii. Modern and scientific Municipal Solid waste management iv. To effect behavioural change regarding healthy sanitation practices v. Generate awareness about sanitation and its linkage with public health

vi. Capacity Augmentation for ULB’s vii. To create an enabling environment for private sector participation in Capex

(Capital expenditure) and Opex (Operation and Maintenance)

4.4.2 Duration of the mission The mission will be in force till 2nd October 2019

4.4.3 Mission components

i. Household toilets, including conversion of insanitary latrines into pour-flush latrines

ii. Community Toilets iii. Public Toilets

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iv. Solid waste management v. IEC & Public awareness

vi. Capacity building and Administrative & Office Expenses (A&OE)

4.4.4 Mission strategy A. Comprehensive Sanitation Planning which includes

i. City Level Sanitation Plans ii. State Sanitation Plans Concept

iii. State Sanitation Strategy

B. Behavioural Change strategy and IEC C. Enabling Environment for Private sector participation D. Capacity Building

4.5 Swachh Maharashtra Abhiyan The Urban Development Department, Government of Maharashtra, vide its G.R. No. SBM2015/C.R.23/UD-34 dated 15 May 2015 has issued guidelines for implementing Swachh Maharashtra Abhiyan (Urban) on the basis of Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban). The Directorate of Swachh Maharashtra Abhiyan, Government of Maharashtra is implementing Swachh Maharashtra Abhiyan. In the State, all ULBs are covered under the Abhiyan.

4.6 NMMC Initiatives under SBM/SMA. 4.6.1 Efforts made by NMMC during the period of 2010 to October 2016.

i. NMMC has prepared City Sanitation Plan in the year 2010 based on Census 2001 data with population forecast for year 2010. The City Sanitation Plan comprises component "Making City ODF" which is prime goal of Swachh Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation Mission under Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and Swachh Maharashtra Abhiyan at present.

ii. For "Making City ODF”, surveyed about 1331 OD families in the year 2010. iii. NMMC assigned the work of situation analysis of OD spots and preparation of

action plan for making the city ODF to the RCUES, AIILSG, Mumbai 2012. The institute prepared the report. The details of the report are given in the chapter-2 of this report.

iv. Estimated and set objective of "making City ODF" target by the year 2012 by providing 100 seats of CT/PT.

v. NMMC constructed 340 seats CT/PT by the year December, 2013 which is higher than set target.

Target setting for ODCF

Population of City as per 2011 Census 11,19,000,Slum population increased manifold since year 2010.Existing CT/PT seats 5278.Set target for IHHL, CT/PT given by SBM is on much higher side hence, SBM intimated vide DO letter in December 2015 to issue revised Set Target based on facts. Door to Door OD survey of 31546 slum dwellers carried out and revealed 3398 OD families.

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4.6.2 Strategy for elimination of OD and making City OD by December 2017. i. Swachh Navi Mumbai Mission launched on 7th March, 2014.

ii. Swachh Maharashtra Abhiyan Cell formed on 8th August, 2015 as per the Guidelines of SBM.

iii. Awareness campaigns, Rallies conducted on Mass scales day to day by the Cell for human behavioural changes and cleanliness.

iv. Special cleanliness drives carried out. v. Enforcement by nuisance detection squad by imposing spot penalty of Rs. 100/-

for defaulters has revised to Rs. 1200/- at present. vi. Providing maximum Nos. of Grant for IHHL

vii. Construction of CT/PT and E- toilets in large Nos. for adequate sanitation. viii. Planned Construction of 'Smart Her Toilets’ exclusively for women through

'CSR'. ix. Exclusively for women under right to 'Pee'. x. Planned Construction of Toilets through CSR funds at Turbhe, Rabale areas

having large OD. xi. As per guidelines provided by Government of India, regarding selection of

"Swachhta Brand Ambassador". Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation has selected "Arjun Award Winner", National Kabbadi Champion Miss Abhilasha Shashikant Mhatre as a "Swachhta Brand Ambassador" for Navi Mumbai City.

xii. Mr. Shankar Mahadevan famous personality as a musician, singer and an actor in Cine industry is appointed as a "Swachhta Brand Ambassador" for Navi Mumbai City.

xiii. Swachhtta App and Toilet Locator App launched and activated.

4.6.3 Various IEBC activities:

Workshop of citizens

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Swachhta Pledge

Cleanliness Rally

Human chain for Cleanliness

45

Meeting of HoDs and press reporters

Involvement of students in cleanliness drive

Street play at Nerul station

4.7 Process of declaring NMMC ODF City A. Protocol to be followed for declaration of cities / wards as Open Defecation Free

(ODF) has been prescribed by the MoUD, GoI vide its D.O. letter No. 2 – 11021/04/2016-SBM – II, dated the 2nd March, 2016. Accordingly ODF ward / city is defined as “A city / ward is notified as ODF city / ward if, at any point of the day, not a single person is found defecating in the open”.

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B. Necessary conditions to be achieved before declaring the city / ward as Open

defecation free : i. All households that have space to construct toilet, have constructed the one.

ii. All occupants of those households that do not have space to construct toilet have access to community toilet within a distance of 500 meters.

iii. All commercial areas have public toilet within a distance of 1 km. iv. City has a mechanism in place which impose fine on the persons who defecate in

open C. After notification of the city as ODF by the administration, State should ensure

that the claim of the city is verified through third party. The third party protocol will be shared with the citizens and states. The MoUD, GoI vide its D.O. letter No. 2-11021/04/2016-SBM-II, dated the 16th March 2016 has also prescribed the following :

i. A declaration has been obtained from all wards of a city, without exception, declaring respective wards as ODF. All ward Councillors of a city may make this self- declaration and submit to city municipal administration by the ward in order to facilitate the above self declaration: besides self declaration by school, declaration by school students, teaching / non – teaching staff of all schools and declaration by Self Help Groups (SHG) in prescribed format be obtained.

ii. Once all the above declaration have been obtained by the respective city municipal administration, from all wards, the city municipal administration may, thereafter, pass a preliminary resolution declaring the city to be open defecation free, a suitable public announcement may be made for the same as well.

iii. Following such resolution, public objections / feedback may be invited with a fifteen day timeline. If no substantial objections are received at the end of this time, a final resolution is adopted by the city municipal administration and the same is communicated to respective state governments.

iv. On receipt of the such communication the state government may ensure that the claim of the city is verified through an appropriate third party verification process (in a time bound process) before formally according the city status of being ODF.

4.8 Formats prescribed by MoUD, GoI for ODF declaration protocol:

MoUD, GoI has prescribed six formats for declaration to be submitted by various

authorities as detailed below:

i. Format for declaration to be submitted by City / Town. ii. Format for declaration to be submitted by schools.

iii. Format for self - declaration by school students (to be attached with the school declaration).

iv. Format for self - declaration submitted by school staff and teachers (to be submitted with school declaration).

v. Format for self - declaration to be submitted by Self – Help Groups. vi. Format for declaration to be submitted by Ward Councillor.

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Accordingly the GoM has developed a systematic validation framework to ensure authenticity and sustainability of the success achieved by ULBS as detailed below:

Table No. 4.1 - A Framework developed by Government of Maharashtra for defining "ODF Cities" in Maharashtra

Elimination of OD practices

Access to toilets Conveyance and treatment of faecal

waste ODF City

Not a single person found defecating in the open

No traces of faeces are visible in the city at any time of the day

All the properties in the city have access to either own toilet or functional community / public toilet

Floating population in the city has an access to sufficient and functional public toilets

All toilets are connected to a disposal system

ODF City+


No traces of faeces re visible in the city at any time of the day.

At least 80% of residential properties in the city have access to own toilets

Remaining properties and floating population in the city have access to functional community / public toilets.

All toilets are connected to a disposal system

Regular and safe collection, conveyance and treatment of all the faecal matter

ODF City++


No traces of faeces are visible in the city at any time of the day.

At least 95% of residential properties in the city have access to own toilets

Remaining properties and floating population in the city have access to functional community / public toilets

All toilets are connected to safe disposal system

Regular safe collection, conveyance and treatment of all faecal matter and waste mater including septic tank effluent and grey water

4.9 Framework for Validation of Self- declaration ODF Cities A. Self –declaration by ULBs for achieving the status of ODF/ODF+/ODF++

ULBs to submit the following documents to GoM as a self- declaration i. Covering letter for self- declaration

ii. City level resolution for self- declaration as ODF city iii. 2 to 4 pager documentation of efforts made for achieving the target and strategy

for sustainability

B. Validation by Collector's office i. One day validation as per checklist provided by GoM

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ii. Collector's office to submit a report for this validation to GoM with collector's signature

C. Validation by State Level Committee ( Round 1) i. Six SLCs formed by GoM (for six divisions)

ii. SLC comprises of one NGO, one reporter and one official from Divisional Commissioner's office

iii. 3-4 days validation as per checklist provided by GoM iv. SLC to submit a report for this validation to GoM within given timeframe

D. Random verification in 10% of the cities by GoM

i. GoM to verify the reports on a random basis through actual city visits, to ensure authenticity

ii. Awards to "ODF Cities"

Cities that pass all stages of validation will be declared as "ODF Cities" by GoM and the list of such cities will be submitted to the GoI

E. Re- validation by State Level Committee ( Round 2) i. SLC will revalidate sustainability of the success, six months after the round 1

validation by SLCs

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Background

The city sanitation plan prepared for NMMC in the year 2012 considered the overall frame work for action to achieve ODF situation. The fund requirements i.e. capital cost envisaged in the year 2011-2012 was based on achieving to fill up gap of 0.11% population in NMMC. The fund requirement for these was worked out as Rs. 2.20 crores. This is mainly for construction of toilets to achieve open defecation free situation in the city. Along with this capital cost the requirement of finance for Information, Education and Communication (IEC) was also worked out. Similarly the annual O&M cost of toilets for 1 year, 3 years and 5 years period was also considered.

The said framework for action presented in CSP 2012 was based on the data submitted by respective departments. The verification of the data with micro level service was not possible due to time constraints while preparing the CSP 2012, Since it was observed that the existing situation stated by the respective departments was quite over estimated, for giving near to better picture, it was necessary to take up detail survey and situation analysis in respect of community and public toilets in NMMC. This was done in September 2012 by AIILSG, Mumbai and the findings have been presented in this report in Chapter 2. It was observed that FFA for ODF situation worked out in CSP 2012 was required to be modified.

Revised FFA

This report is thus taking the opportunity to prepare the modified and revised FFA in tune with situation analysis in September 2012, as well as secondary data submitted by the respective departments in the June to August, 2016. For the purpose of revising FFA, population in accordance with zone and settlement was analysed as per 2011 census and further projected up to 2021. Existing situation (2015) as regards toilet seats was assessed and on that basis the toilet requirements and gaps were worked out. Based on these gaps framework for action was developed. The details of the revised FFA are given in following pages:

5.1 Population Pattern as per Census 2011

It was considered necessary to brief on the Settlement Patterns of NMMC. NMMC area is divided into 8 Zones as shown in the table below. The residential areas indicate a typical pattern as Nodal area, Village area and Gaothan Expansion and Slum area. While analysing the population this divide was considered as a base and accordingly the population trend can be observed as depicted in table below.

Chapter 5 Revised Framework for Action for ODF Strategy for NMMC

50

Zone wise Population pattern of NMMC is given in Table No.5. 1 below

Table No. 5.1: Population Pattern According to Zone and Type of Settlements based on Census 2011

Sr. No

Name of Zones

Population as per census year 2011 Type of settlement

Villages Nodal Slum Floating population

Total population excluding floating

population 1 Belapur 4780 135191 3120 25000 143091 2 Nerul 21000 137072 10575 17000 168647 3 Vashi 20000 119371 NIL 25000 139371 4 Turbhe 10000 79094 48770 35000 137864 5 Koparkhairne 30000 140481 9680 20000 180161 6 Ghansoli 28000 67790 35090 20000 130880 7 Airoli 20000 101413 39125 15000 160538 8 Digha 2000 5426 52569 10000 59995 Total 135780 785841 198929 112000 1120547

( excluding floating population)

Source : As reported by NMMCE * Wherever data is not available has been assumed reasonably.

5.1.1 Population Projection

The Zone wise population considering rate of increase is calculated for the year 2015, 2017, 2019 and 2021. The increase in population from 2011 to 2021 has been assumed to same as average increase of 55% in earlier years documented in CDP.

Table No. 5.2 –Zone wise Projected Population for 2021*

Sr. No. Name of Zones Population as per 2011

censes

Estimated Population by Projection

2015 2017 2019 2021

1 Belapur 143091 179000 190000 200000 218641

2 Nerul 168647 215000 240000 270000 289028

3 Vashi 139371 148213 160000 170000 181026

4 Turbhe 137864 165000 180000 195000 216025

5 Koparkhairne 180161 225201 240000 260000 279250

6 Ghansoli 130880 166100 180000 190000 205964

7 Airoli 160538 200673 220000 230000 248834

8 Digha 59995 75000 80000 85000 92992

Total 1120547 1374187 1490000 1600000 1631760

* The population for years between 2011 to 2021 has been arithmetically assumed.

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5.1.2 Existing situation of toilets seats (2015)

It was necessary to understand the existing situation of the toilet seats before proceeding for calculations for the requirement of the seats for the year 2019 (2019 being concluding year of the Swachha Bharat Mission), so as to enable the zones to work out gaps between 2015 and 2019. The team discussed in detail with the concerned staff to quantify the number of seats in each zone particularly in respect of community and public toilets. The discussions were necessitated mainly because secondary data in respect of the number of seats in 2015 for community toilets and public toilets was not available in the form of report. The emerged scenario is presented in the following tables

Table No. 5.3 - Existing Seats in the Zone of Different Categories

Sr. No.

Name of Zone No. of individual

seats available in

village

No. of individual

seats available in

slums

No. of community

seats available in

slums

No. of public seats

available in public

premises 1 Belapur 221 0 100 76

2 Nerul 3000 0 141 304

3 Vashi 2600 *Not

applicable

*Not

applicable

112

4 Turbhe 1200 0 381 108

5 Koparkhairne 4000 0 150 28

6 Ghansoli 3600 0 494 17

7 Airoli 2500 0 296 92

8 Digha 1300 460 371 2

Total 18421 460 1933 739

* as there is no slums in Vashi zone.

5.1.3 Existing Number of Toilets Blocks and Seats

Depending upon type of slums, availability of area, participation by the community and such other factors the number of seats provided in any toilet blocks has to vary from 5 to 20. Also depending upon the drainage connection disposal of excreta by providing suitable treatment facility such as septic tank etc. also varies. If the drainage connection from the sewer line from the toilet block is made available and possible especially in slum areas the situation becomes the most ideal. However non availability of sewer line necessitates in situ treatment and disposal arrangement. The Table No.5.4 below gives details of the toilet blocks according to users in each zone.

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Table no.5.4: No. of Toilet Blocks in Each Zone (CT-PT)

Sr. No.

Name of Zone No. of toilets blocks

No. of toilet seats Total

Ladies Gents Physically challenged

Children E – toilets

1 Belapur 58 320 349 17 19 1 706 2 Nerul 51 258 277 5 21 0 561 3 Vashi 34 170 163 9 13 0 355 4 Turbhe 48 266 300 9 11 0 586 5 Koparkhairne 55 304 311 1 4 4 620 6 Ghansoli 85 460 495 6 37 3 1001 7 Airoli 57 319 324 7 11 1 657 8 Digha 66 404 397 1 1 0 803 Total 453 2501 2616 55 117 9 5289

5.1.4 Existing Types of Toilets (2015-16 situations)

The types of toilets can be divided into various categories depending upon type of

construction, method of flushing, requirement of portability, space availability, no. of user

families, availability of sewer line connection, possibility of providing bio-toilet units,

availability of space for providing septic tank and subsequently soak-pit or further treatment

for complying MPCB effluent standards.

As per the secondary data the NMMC has provided simple toilet blocks either with

brick masonry loading structure or / and RCC framework. At many places due to urgency and

requirement the NMMC has provided mobile toilet units with a suitable arrangement of

excreta disposal. These toilet blocks are normally provided with septic tanks as per I.S.

requirements in regards to number of persons using the toilet seats in the blocks. The effluent

discharge from the septic tank, obviously do not comply with MPCB standards requiring

suitable changes in treatment and disposal of effluents.

The NMMC staff has recently done considerably good exercise to collect information

regarding layout, usefulness, treatment and disposal system and updated the data in respect of

toilet blocks that could be provided in NMMC area. Few details are as below :

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1. NAMMA type toilets (Provided as CT/PT)

Namma Toilet is a Modular Toilet solution that has been designed to eliminate open defecation, keeping in mind the requirements of Indian sanitary practices. A series of user studies, interviews and follow up presentations have resulted in a specific set of requirements based on which Namma Toilet can be configured to many different complexes based on the requirements at the site, as they are modular. One is the basic toilet module. This is available in 4 options. Male Physically Challenged (EWC). Ladies Physically Challenged (EWC), Male Regular (IWC) and Ladies Regular (IWC). There is a Urinal Module ( 2 People can use at same time). There are stand alone modules for Handwash, Partitions for separating the Women’s sections from the Men’s, End partitions for separating the Women’s sections from the Men’s. End partitions designed to keep stray animals away. Overhead Water tank structure and Canopies (Privacy Screens) for the individual toilet modules. In addition to these, the Solar based lighting module varies according to the design or size of the toilet complex.

Namma type toilet installed at Turbhe under SBM by NMMC

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2 Smart Her – toilets ( For walking / working women)

Smart Her Toilets are similar to advanced and automated user friendly e – toilets, however additional special features like incinerator with sanitary napkins, mirror, additional sit outs with more comfortable space are added specially and exclusively for uses by women.

3. E-toilets

E – toilets are public toilets which are electronically operated. Along with the pay and use facility, it also adds an aesthetic aspect to beauty of the city and are user friendly too. E- toilets are easy to use and great extent of hygiene is maintained. These e – toilets has been sanctioned by the Ministry of Science and Technology. Such 9 e – toilets has been installed at Thane – Belapur road.

Smart Her Toilets

Rest Room EWC seat Baby feeding /diaper change Sanitary Vending Machine Sanitary Vending Machine Mirrors / Hooks Incinerator Sit outs CC TV Advertisement Panel

e-Toilets

Electronically Operated Stainless steel body Floor wash, Auto flush Voice Guidance Portability Use of Bio-digester where the

drainage facility not available Durable Coin Validator LED indications Display Boards Advertisement Panel

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The black water from toilet blocks is normally connected to standardised septic tank and soak pit arrangement. The septic tank is a multiple treatment units consisting of separation of sludge, digestion of sludge, with desired detention period for reduction in bio-chemical oxygen demand and suspended solids. This process effectively occurred due to presence of aenorabic and facultative bacteria with the help of organic matter in the solids of the black water. A new concept is being propagated by few manufacturers where in genetically engineered bacterial activities is introduced in a single tank below the toilet. It is claimed that these bacteria decompose and create better effluents than septic tanks requiring a less detention period. Nevertheless the treatment process has yet to achieve a real technologically proof basis.

4. Container Type Toilet Block Constructed by NMMC under SBM

5. Mobile Toilets

Features

Container Types No. of Seats, - 10 Portable Provided in Slums Used as C.T.

NMMC provides Mobile Toilets for events, where temporary Public Toilet facility required.

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6 Public Toilet with Structural Panelling

5.2 Requirement of toilets for 2019 as per the norm

In the Programme for action (PFA) chalked out by NMMC to convert the city totally as ODF City under Swachh Bharat Mission has to envisage construction of individual toilets, community toilets and public toilets. As mentioned earlier there is a considerable gap on all these toilets if the city is to be declared as ODF City. The gap is calculated after working of the requirement of number of seats required as per the increased population of year 2019, is mentioned as above with due consideration to the existing seats in the city.

5.2.1 Assumption and norms

Each family should have 1 toilet with a suitable treatment and disposal arrangement.

Requirement of seats for community toilets based on – 1 seat for 35 persons or 7 families within a reasonable distance i.e. within the vicinity of 500 meters from the residence.

Requirement of Public Toilet for floating population based on provisions of I.S. and National Building Code i.e. 1 toilet seat for 200 floating persons/population, normally considered as 500 meters. It may be noted that as per the SBM guidelines separate norms for women (25 numbers) and men (35 numbers) with adequate facility has been prescribed. However in case of NMMC identification of CT/PT has not been made. Hence the norm of average 45 has been considered the aspect of 100 persons combined for CT and PT cannot be considered because it may result in inadequate seats, jeoparding the achievement of “ODF NMMC”. However NMMC may provide initially in phase I programme construction of seats on the basis of 100 person per seat as mentioned above. Thereafter monitoring of ODF results through nuisance detection squad may be carried out.

Moreover inadequate seats may result in delays in access of toilet facility with consequential health problems in the area.

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5.2.2 Zone wise requirement of seats for 2015 as per norms

Table no. 5.5 - Zone Wise Requirement of Seats for 2015 as per norms

5.2.3 Zone wise requirement of seats for 2021 as per norms

Table No.5.6 - Zone Wise Requirement of seats for 2021 as per norms

Sr. no. Name of ward

No. of individual

seats required village

No. of individual

seats required

slums

No. of community

seats in slums

No. of public seats

required in public

places

Total

1 Belapur 70 1200 100 200 1570 2 Nerul 6000 230 328 125 6683 3 Vashi* 7000 Not

applicable Not

applicable 225 7225

4 Turbhe 2800 1100 1571 225 5696 5 Koparkhairne 1300 300 97 30 1727 6 Ghansoli 1500 1148 Not

applicable 25 2673

7 Airoli 1200 1213 50 30 2493 8 Digha 140 1200 1800 75 3215 Total 20010 6391 3946 935 31282

Sr. no. Name of Zone No. of individual

seats required in

villages

No. of individual

seats required in

slums

No. of community

seats required in

slums

No. of public seats

required in public

places

Total

1 Belapur 774 0 114 150 1038 2 Nerul 5310 0 371 150 5831 3 Vashi 5200 0 Not

applicable 150 5350

4 Turbhe 2400 0 1628 200 4228 5 Koparkhairne 4000 0 182 97 4279 6 Ghansoli 3600 0 1296 83 4979 7 Airoli 2500 0 0 93 2593 8 Digha 460 0 1859 60 2379 Total 24244 0 5450 973 30677

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5.2.4 Quantification and gap

The Table No.5.3 has depicted the existing number of individual seats in villages and slums. Similarly the Table Nos. 5.5 & 5.6 has depicted the number of individual seats required based on norms in respect of individual seats in villages, individual seats in slums, community seats in slums and public seats in public places for the year 2015 and 2021 respectively. The programme for action suggested is based on following :

A. Find out requirement of individual seats in villages by deducting the existing seats Table No.5.3 from the requirement for 2015 Table No.5.5. It has been suggested that this gap has to be fulfilled by the year 2017.

B. Thereafter the requirement of 2015 as given in Table No.5.5 has to be deducted from the requirement from 2021 i.e. Table no.5.6. This gap is to be fulfilled from the year 2017 to 2019.

5.2.5 Estimates for 2015 - 2017 and 2017 - 19 (ALTERNTIVE I)

The summary of the revised framework for action from the details mentioned in 5.2.1 to 5.2.4 above has been presented as below –

Table no. 5.7 - Estimates for 2015 - 2017 and 2017 - 19

Name of wards

Belapur Nerul Vashi Turbhe Koparkhairne

Ghansoli Airoli Digha total

Estimated cost of Individual seats

209.80 652.00 880.00 540.00 1060.00 1250.00 740.00 70.00 5401.8

Estimated cost of community seats

42.00 690.00 NIL 3741.00 837.00 3438.00 3996.00 3378.00 16121.00

Estimated cost of public seats

372.00 339.00 NIL 351.00 381.00 324.00 189.00 219.00 2175.00

Estimated cost of SHE seats

40.00 40.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 200.00

Total Estimated cost of public seats

663.80 1382.00 1239.00 4652.00 2298.00 5032.00 4945.00 3687.00 23898.80

The unit rates assumed for working out the cost of seats in alternative I are as below-

A. Individual seats though it has been stated Rs. 17,000/- per seat under SBM Rules and Regulations more physical and cost contingency may result the individual toilet seat cost as Rs. 20,000 per seat.

B. Community seats presently being provided container type portable toilets. The cost per unit is Rs. 1,25,000/-.

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C. Additional Public Toilet seats assumed to be provided under donation and CSR funds etc. are to be provided with NAMMA type design. The discussions with NMMC officials revealed that cost of each seat in NAMMA type design may be considered Rs 3, 00,000/- per seat.

D. The cost of Smart Her Toilet has been considered as Rs. 20, 00,000/- per seat. This is based on type design of Smart Her Toilet. Presently 12 such Smart Her Toilets are proposed through CSR.

5.3 Requirement based on Eliminating OD spots

The revised framework for action for ODF strategy in NMMC worked out in 5.1 and 5.2 in the beginning of this chapter was based on the assumption as given below:

A. Assumptions for working of revised framework for action for ODF NMMC

i. The increase in the population from 2011 to 2021 is assumed as 55%. ii. The individual toilet expected in slum families is assumed as 10%. This is key to

have the status of ODF city. iii. In village families it is assumes that only 50% have individual toilet and

remaining house hold are yet to be constructed individual toilets; presently they are using community toilets / P.T..

iv. The public toilet seats are assumed to be 1 seat for every 200 floating population. v. NAMMA type toilets seats are to be provided in community toilets of slums and

public toilets. The unit cost of NAMMA type toilet is considered as Rs. 3 lakh per seat.

vi. The individual toilets are considered as brick and RCC work with or without septic tank with an average unit rate of Rs. 0.20 lakh per seat.

vii. The Smart Her Toilet has been proposed in each zone depending on requirement for the working ladies in the zone. The unit rate of Rs. 20 Lakhs has been considered for Smart Her Toilet.

viii. For families in slums it is considered that 1 seat is required for 35 persons preferably within the distance as prescribed under SBM rules and regulations.

ix. It is said that as provided in SBM manual the individual toilet seat are to fully supported under SMB provisions, community seats are to be supported mainly through CSR funds aided by NMMC funds wherever required.

x. The accompanying statement will reveal the quantification and financial requirement on a holistic basic. It does not mean the entire cost is to be borne by NMMC.

xi. At present the provision of additional e- toilet has not been made. This aspect of providing E- toilet is to be dealt with after detailed discussion with NMMC staff.

An interim report regarding revised FFA so worked out in 5.1 and 5.2 above was communicated to NMMC officials in June 2016. They were informed that following cost have to be incurred by NMMC up to 2019 so that city can be declared as ODF City for the estimated population of 2021.

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The total cost of Rs. 23898.80/-can be divided as follows –

i. Construction of individual toilets – 5401.80 Rs. ii. Construction of community toilets – 16121.00 Rs.

iii. Construction of public toilets – 2175.00 Rs. iv. Construction of specific toilets – 200.00 Rs. v. Total – 23898.80 Rs.

5.3.1 Discussions with NMMC Officials

The quantification and cost aspect were discussed with NMMC officials and it was informed that burden of providing cost for individual toilet has to be initially taken by NMMC which can be got reimbursed from SBM provision. As per the guidelines of the SBM the community and public toilets have to be provided availing funds from outside like CSR, donation etc. The NMMC has to endeavour to get such high requirement of money for community and public toilet with specific planning which may be supported by individuals and / or industries etc.

Nevertheless, the discussions with NMMC officials, revealed that the cost estimated as above should be worked out preparing specific ODF plan based on a survey for the following –

i. Status of OD family ii. IHHL status of OD families

iii. ODF plan with due consideration to OD spots in slums iv. Population served using toilets v. Balance population

vi. Calculations of CT and PT based on balance population

In the months of June – August 2016 the NMMC officials with the help of ward officials submitted few elements of the ODF plan for all the wards. The data submitted by them in the said survey is given below:

5.3.2. Zone wise OD spots

The survey carried out in July 2016 concentrated on OD spots as observed during the process by the concerned staff.

The summary of the OD spots is as below:

Table No.5.8 - Summary of the OD spots as per survey conducted by NMMC officials from June to August 2016

Sr. no.

Name of Zones

1 OD spots

Belapur Nerul Vashi Turbhe Koparkhairne Ghansoli Airoli Digha Total

11 8 0 6 6 2 4 27 64

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5.3.3 Zone wise OD families

The survey concentrated on OD families and identification of the spots where open defecation occurs was done through site staff of ward offices. The summary of the OD families is as below :

Table No. 5.9- Zone wise OD families as per survey conducted by NMMC officials from June to August 2016

Sr. No.

Name of

Zones


1 No. of OD families

492 241 86 905 949 252 179 294 3398

5.3.4 Zone wise OD population

Having taken the data in respect in each ward the general assumption of 5 persons per family revealed the number of persons resorting to open defecation in each zone. This is given in the following table.

Table No. 5.10–Zone wise OD Population as per survey conducted by NMMC officials from June to August 2016

Sr. No.

Name of wards


1 No. of OD population

2460 1205 430 4525 4745 1260 895 1470 16990

5.3.5 Individual Household Latrines (IHHL) seats and CSR seats ward wise

The scheme of IHHL is in vogue and the data in respect of construction of toilets in each ward through IHHL was collected by the survey team and the findings are given below

Table No. 5.11 - Individual Household Latrines (IHHL) seats

Sr. No

Name of zones


1 No. of OD population

127 34 0 67 180 95 191 196 890

It has been observed that the ward office till July 2016 has not constructed any toilet blocks or seats under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funds.

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5.3.6 Other elements in the survey

Considering the philosophy of achieving ODF City, the above mentioned survey carried out that assumed the following –

A. Identify OD spots B. Identify OF families contributing to OD spots

Having collected this data if all the families provided individual toilets under SBM the elimination of OD spots can be achieved. With these assumptions it might not be necessary to work out any additional requirement for community and public toilet. It is however felt that the assumption may result wrong mainly because the correlation of OD spots with OD families may not be sufficiently strong to conclude that elimination is possible only by providing individual toilets either through IHHL or CSR fund. More over the cost of refurbishing the non functional existing toilet blocks has to be taken in account.

With this short coming in the survey and philosophy, it is felt that the cost of construction of individual toilet may be calculated on basis of OD spots and families surveyed. However the quantification and cost of community toilet and public toilet need to be taken into account for working out for total cost and financial requirement to achieve ODF city.

5.3.7 Summary of revised FFA based on survey June/ July 2016 (ALTERNATIVE II)

The table number 13 below gives summary of FFA based on survey for individual toilets. The cost aspect in regard to providing community toilet and public toilet seats has been taken from alternative I mentioned in 5.2 above.

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