12nd November, Saturday, 330pm – 530pm, SDE4 Executive Seminar Room 1 & 2 @ School of Design & Environment
Educational Services & Learning Innovation (ESLI)
conducted by
Loh Mee LanMagdeline Ng (Dr.)
facilitated by
Patrick PuKho Su Yian
Navigating Through
in Everyday Life
D
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C
L
A
I
M
E
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Fact checking
sites
Social media
platforms
Product endorsement
The Select Committee
on Deliberate Online Falsehoods
2
• About fake news and why it exists
• To use a framework for evaluating information from different sources
• To reflect on the way we evaluate information – Snippets of daily life
Learning Outcomes
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WHO is susceptible to Fake News?
Let’s explore
WHY do we fall for ‘fake news’
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Get ready for a quick game
(Individual exercise)
6ALSET NUS copyright
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•Clustering effect
•Featured-Positive effect
•Hindsight bias
•Forer effect
Confirmation BiasALSET NUS copyright
Learning points
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Confirmation Bias
ALSET NUS copyright
Let’s explore
HOW do we evaluate the news?
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Evaluation of Sources
HOW TO EVALUATE THE SOURCES YOU FIND?
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C R A A PCurrency Relevancy Authoritative Accuracy Purpose
Old or New? How current is the information?
Are their references current?
Is currency important for your topic?
Do you need current information,
older sources or both?
CCurrency
When was the information
published or posted?
Newspapers – very up to date
but not necessarily established
information
Journal articles – relatively
current and contain reliable
information
Books – typically contain older
but more established
information
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Does the coverage and depth of
content relate to my topic and needs?
Who is the intended audience? –
Children? Researchers? Consumers?
Does it help you answer a question or
solve a problem?
Does it provide evidence for or support
your ideas?
Is it at an appropriate level for your
needs?
Have you looked at a variety of other
sources before determining you will use
this one?
RRelevancy
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Who is the source of the
information?
Who is the author, publisher, source
or sponsor of the information?
Are the authors’ and/or publishers’
affiliations clear?
What is their reason for publishing
the material?
For websites, does the domain of
the URL tell you anything about the
author or source (.gov, .edu, .com,
.org)
AAuthoritative
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Is the information true and accurate?
Where does the information come
from?
Is the information supported by
evidence?
Can that evidence be verified if
necessary?
Has the information been reviewed
or refereed?
AAccuracy
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VACCINATION
Why does the information exist?
What is the purpose of the website?
(To inform? To teach? To sell? To
entertain? To persuade?)
Is the information factual or opinion?
Is the information biased?
Are the biases clearly stated?
Is the website sponsored or influenced
by advertising revenue?
PPurpose
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Not necessary to have all the components checked to derive the best choice
Build the habit - Critical thinking process
Awareness and Understanding of evaluation
The art of questioning
Introduce skepticism
Disclaimer
PRACTICAL TIPS
Cross check using:
https://www.snopes.com
http://www.hoax-slayer.net
http://www.truthOrFiction.com
https://www.gov.sg/factually
https://www.thatsnonsense.com
https://www.politifact.com
Go UPSTREAM to the source
STOP… PAUSE…
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https://www.thebaghdadpost.com/en/Story/11684/Video-Skies-rain-fish-in-Thailand
IN YOUR TEAMS:
• Discuss how you would
evaluate this news
(framework)
• Questions you will ask?
• What is your decision?
• FACT or FICTION?
Explain your answer
• Leave the site to search for reliable information
• Fact checking sites:https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/it39s-raining-fish/
• Locate external sources, then go back and verify these claims
• Examine the photos
•Check your emotions (sensational – click bait)
•Process and Habit! Keep going at it…
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Fake News - Actions
Activity Time
20#disinformation
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LEARNING POINTS
• Leave the site to search for reliable information
•Detect the true agenda of the organization• Fact checking sites• P – E – A (Process, Expertise, Aim)• https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/americas-pediatricians-gender-kids
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Facts Checking Sites
List of fact-checking websites (Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fact-checking_websites
Factcheck.org https://www.factcheck.org/
Factually (https://www.gov.sg) https://www.gov.sg/factually
Hoax-slayer https://www.hoax-slayer.com/
LinkedIn.com https://www.linkedin.com/
Politifact https://www.politifact.com/
The Reporters’ Lab https://reporterslab.org/
Straits Times Fake News Debunked https://www.straitstimes.com/tags/fake-news-debunked
Snopes.com https://www.snopes.com/
Caution: Do not only rely on these fact checking sites. Go beyond one source and think deeper.
HOW to choose your news?
23#disinformation
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Brown, D. (2014, June 5). HOW TO CHOOSE YOUR NEWSRetrieved from https://youtu.be/q-Y-z6HmRgI
Video
Snippets in Our Daily Life
25#disinformation
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Activity (in teams)
• Create a fake tweet!
Share your fake tweet in padlet:
http://bit.ly/fn2nov2019
https://faketweeter.com/
Can you trust what you see?
How do we check?
28https://www.kiplinger.com/article/spending/T065-C011-S001-why-i-bought-my-prescription-glasses-at-costco.html
• Let us investigate: Is this picture altered?
http://www.freakingnews.com/Whale-Eats-Penguins-For-Lunch-Pictures-134796.asp
• Using ELA to do analysis (more information):
http://fotoforensics.com/tutorial-ela.php
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FotoForensics
http://fotoforensics.com/analysis.php?id=462e3d4375e051d579812b5e0473edc362e283de.90303
http://bit.ly/whalepenguin
• Similar edgesshould have similar brightness in the ELA result.
• Similar texturesshould have similar coloringunder ELA.
• Forensicallyhttps://29a.ch/photo-forensics/#forensic-magnifier
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Analysis using FotoForensics
Search by image to see where that image appears online
https://www.tineye.com/
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TinEye
• Habit: critical thinking process
• Awareness and Understanding of biases
• Checklist: Evaluation Framework• Process – Expertise – Aim (PEA)
• CRAAP
• Know how to Question: The art of asking questions
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Practical Tips to combat Fake News
HACK
Question
Search for answers
Question (Framework)
Evaluate
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HAVE A MINUTE? HELP US IMPROVEj.mp/RU_feedback
Thank You For Your Feedback by Got Credit is licensed under CC by 2.0
Session Details:
2 Nov 2019 330pm-530pmNavigating Through Fake News