Nazi Europe1939-1940

Poland and the Fall of France

APUSH

World War II

1937-1945

The Axis takes Shape• League of Nations attempts to solve

world problems– Japan & Germany withdraw, 1933– Italy withdraws, 1937

• Axis Powers form– Germany & Italy – + Japan– Other countries “neutralized” Axis Powers Co-belligerents Minor Participants Puppet States Collaborator States Controversial Cases

GermanyItalyJapanHungaryRomaniaSlovakiaBulgaria

FinlandIraqThailand

San Marino YugoslaviaIndiaManchukuoMengjiang (Inner Mongolia)Reorganized Natn’l Gov’t of China Philippines VietnamCambodiaLaosBurma

Croatia (I-G)Greece (I-G)Pindus (I-G)Macedonia (I-G)Slovakia (G)Serbia (G)Italy (G)Albania (G)Hungary (G)Macedonia (G)Montenegro (I)

Vichy France DenmarkNorwaySoviet Union SpainSwedenSwitzerland

The Allies take Shape• Allied Powers

– Britain & France join to help Poland

– GB & US alliance– 26 nations unite by 1942

• Agree to work under US leadership

North America C & S America Asia & Pacific Europe AfricaUnited StatesCanada

Costa RicaEl SalvadorCubaDominican RepublicGuatemalaHaitiHondurasNicaragua

ChinaAustraliaIndia

United KingdomUSSRBelgiumCzechoslovakiaGreeceLuxembourgNetherlandsNorwayPoland

South Africa

Axis Wartime Strategy• Germany: the 3rd Reich

– Form neutralizing alliances– Attack with the Blitzkrieg– + Establish “Festung Europa”

• Italy: Return of the Roman Empire– Attack Greece– Attack North Africa

• Japan: Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere– China (1895), Russia (1904-05)– Korea (1910), Manchuria (1931)– China (1937), Soviet Non-aggression Pact

(1941)– Pearl Harbor (1941), Island hopping (1942

onward)

Axis Control, Europe 1942

Axis Control, Asia 1942

Allied Wartime Strategy• Hope GB & the

USSR can hang on/defeat the Nazis– Neutrality– Cash & Carry– Destroyers for Bases– Lend-Lease

• Coordinate Efforts in Europe under US command

• Europe first, Asia second– Bombing Raids – Open a 2nd front– Sicily/Italy then

France

Turning Points & Major BattlesEurope• Battle for Britain,

1940• Stalingrad, 1942-

43• D-Day, 1944 Asia

• Pearl Harbor, 1941

• Midway, 1942

The Home Front• The Draft, 1940

• Wartime Economics– Tax increases– Wage & Price Controls– Credit & Investment

• No Credit issued• High Savings &/or

Investment– Low inflation-- purchase of

War Bonds

– High Incomes– Rationing

• Books of rationing stamps• Tires to footwear to

shortening• Car races banned

The Home Front

• Labor Issues– High Job Availability– Unions recognized

• Exchange for no-strike policy

– Women in the workforce• Filled traditional roles• Took “men’s” jobs• Gained respect• Volunteered &

recycled• Army Pilots

– Farmers keep up food production

– Teen Labor: state child labor laws change

The Home Front• Civilian Support for the War– Civil Air Patrol & USO

• Minority Rights– FEPC– Double V Campaign– Internment…

• Propaganda and Culture– Posters– Recycling Drives– Movies & Cartoons

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZcs1SHVbz0

The End• Collapse of Nazi Eastern

Europe– Soviets push westward

• Unconditional German Surrender– Germany divided– Allied disagreement leads to

Cold War• The Holocaust

– “Discovered”• Bombs on Japan

– “Regular” bombs– Fire bombs– Atomic Bombs– US Army occupation

War Costs

• Casualties• 15 million military deaths• 15 million civilian deaths• Unknown statistics for dislocations, famines,

exterminations, deportations, epidemics• 1 out of every 2 saved by new drugs• Totals estimated at 45 million

• The Big Economic Q: Did WWII bring prosperity?• 10x as costly as WWI• Cost 40% of GDP• 5x increase in US debt• 6x increase in US taxation• 1+ million casualties (dead & wounded)• 154 government agencies created• Increased employment, not consumption

Reflection Questions

1. Why was fear of Soviet expansion such an important issue during WWII? How did this fear play out in US war policy?

2. How did US and Japanese goals differ during the 1930s? Do you think war could have been avoided between the two nations?

3. List two things that you learned that were interesting &/or that you will remember easily a month from now.