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NC Final ExamStudy Guide
Conflict
External Conflict• Person vs person• Person vs nature• Person vs society
Internal Conflict• Person vs self
PLOT
Plot continued
Flash forward Flashback
In media res
SETTING
Time
Place
Environment
CHARACTERIZATION
STATIC vs DYNAMIC CHARACTERS
THEME
DRAMA (COMEDY & TRAGEDY), POETRY, NOVELS, SHORT STORIES
Mood & Tone
Author’s PurposePersuade, Inform, Entertain
Point of View
Unreliable Narrator“In the case of an unreliable narrator (sometimes called a fallible
narrator), the reader has reason not to trust what the narrator is saying. The narrator may be unreliable for many reasons. Some of the typical scenarios are:
• The narrator may be of a dramatically different age than the people in the story, such as a child attempting to explain adult actions
• The narrator may have prejudices about race, class or gender• The narrator may have low intelligence• The narrator may suffer from hallucinations or dementia (as with
the narrator in “The Tell-Tale Heart”• The narrator may have a personality flaw such as pathological
lying or narcissism• The narrator may be trying to make a point that is contrary to the
actions of the story or be attempting to libel one of the characters due to a grudge
Tone
TONE describes the author’s attitude toward his/her subject.
The attitude may be stated in so many words or implied. Diction is a key to tone. Tones can be formal or informal (among other things):
Mood
MOOD is the situation's atmosphere or characters' feelings:Calm Cheerful Chilling Comical Dark
Depressing Dismal Eerie Fanciful Foreboding
Gloomy Grim Grotesque Heart-breaking
Heartrending
Holy Hopeful Horrific Intense Joyful
Light Lighthearted Melancholic Morbid Mournful
Mysterious Ominous Optimistic Pessimistic Powerful
Romantic Sad Sinister Soothing Sorrowful
Spiritual Spooky Terrifying Threatening Tranquil
Whimsical
Verbal IronySarcasm, Satire, Understatement
SATIREThe use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.
The use of words that mean the opposite of what you really want to say especially in order to insult someone, to show irritation, or to be funny
The presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.
Figurative Language
HyperboleMetaphorSimileIdiom
Imagery Personification
Connotation
An idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.
• "the word “discipline” has unhappy connotations of punishment and repression“