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• Here is the gross appearance of a normal uterus with fundus, lower uterinesegment, cervix, vaginal cuff, right fallopian tube, left fallopian tube, rightovary, and left ovary from a young woman.

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• Here is a normal uterus with fallopian tubes and ovaries from aperimenopausal woman. The ovaries are somewhat smaller than in thepreceding picture but have a similar tan-white bosselated appearance.

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• Here is a normal uterus with fallopian tubes and ovaries from anolder postmenopausal woman. The uterus and ovaries are smallerthan in the preceding picture and have a fairly smooth tan-whiteappearance.

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• The normal adult vaginal mucosa with a wrinkled appearance that is seen in womenof reproductive years appears at the left. The cervix has been opened to reveal anendocervical canal leading to the lower uterine segment at the right that has anerythematous appearance extending to the cervical os consistent with chronic

inflammation.

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• This is an adult ovary with two corpora lutea. The larger one at the top is ahemorrhagic corpus luteum of menstruation, and the smaller one at thebottom is involuting from a previous menstrual period. If implantation of afertilized ovum occurs, then the corpus luteum will persist because of HCGfrom the placenta. Of 400,000 ovarian follicles present at birth, only about400 will mature to the point of ovulation during childbearing years.

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• A normal adult ovary has been sectioned here to reveal ahemorrhagic corpus luteum. Note the dark red-black hemorrhagicregion surrounded by a thin rim of yellow corpus luteum.

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• Ovulation releases an egg from an ovarianfollicle. The egg is swept into the fallopian tubeand begins to descend. Spermatozoa (millionsare represented here by one) begin ascending.

Fertilization of the egg by a single sperm occursin the ampullary portion of the fallopian tubeabout a day after ovulation. The fertilized eggbegins to develop into the blastocyt on descent

into the endometrial cavity, where implantationoccurs on the wall of the fundus about a weekafter ovulation

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• Ectopic pregnancies occur when the fertilizedovum implants outside of the uterine fundus.About 1 in 150 pregnancies results in ectopic

implantation. Most cannot be sustained atextrauterine sites. However, a tubal ectopicpregnancy, as diagrammed here, may proceedfor several weeks, but the enlargement can

rupture the tube and lead to acute, life-threatening bleeding, often about 6 weeks aftera previous menstrual period.

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• Male pelvis

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• Female pelvis

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