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A Service of the Children’s Bureau, a Member of the T/TA Network NCWWI National Webinar Series Session #8 Building a Culturally Responsive Workforce: The Texas Model for Undoing Disproportionality & Disparities in Child Welfare Joyce James, Center for Elimination of Disproportionality & Disparities at the Texas Health and Human Services Commission (HHSC) Tanya Rollins, Texas Department of Family & Protective Services Wednesday, May 8, 2013
Transcript
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A Service of the Children’s Bureau, a Member of the T/TA Network

NCWWI National Webinar Series Session #8

Building a Culturally Responsive

Workforce: The Texas Model for Undoing

Disproportionality & Disparities in Child

Welfare Joyce James, Center for Elimination of Disproportionality & Disparities at the

Texas Health and Human Services Commission (HHSC)

Tanya Rollins, Texas Department of Family & Protective Services

Wednesday, May 8, 2013

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Technology Orientation

Use Q/A window for questions and comments

If you cannot hear us talking, please use this

alternate phone number for audio:

– (866) 394-2346

– Conference code: 6518772413#

– Please keep your line on mute

If you need further web support, please call

WebEx at 1-800-508-8758 or email

[email protected]

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Session Agenda

1. Context

2. Texas Background & History

3. The Texas Model

4. Applying the Texas Model to

Texas Child Protective Services

5. Q & A via web platform

6. Continuing the Conversation &

Closing

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NCWWI Leadership Model

Accountability

Capacity-building

Service Orientation

Decisiveness

Entrepreneurship

Financial Management

Planning & Organizing

Problem Solving

Technical Credibility

Creativity & Innovation

External Awareness

Flexibility

Strategic Thinking

Vision

Conflict Management

Developing Others

Team Building

Cultural Responsiveness

Leveraging Diversity

Partnering

Political Savvy

Influencing

Negotiating Leading People

Leading for

Results

Leading Change

Leading in

Context

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Significance

Building a culturally responsive child welfare

workforce:

1. Reduces disproportionality and disparity of case

outcomes, services and treatment. • Improves case practice by increasing caseworker

knowledge, appreciation of and sensitivity to different

cultures. Helps workers more fully engage with families,

better understand family actions/interactions, and make

culturally appropriate case decisions.

2. Strengthens program, organizational and cross-

systems functioning.

3. Improve public perceptions of child welfare.

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BACKGROUND

& HISTORY

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Racial Inequity Many different terms are used to describe racial inequity in outcomes across

systems:

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Term: Disproportionality

Term: Disproportionality

Definition: The fact that some racial or ethnic

groups of families and children are represented

in various child welfare services populations at

levels that are disproportionate to their numbers

in the overall family or child population.

Most Commonly Used: Child welfare

Source: Courtney, M., & Skyles, A. (2003). Racial disproportionality in the child welfare system.

Children and Youth Services Review, 25(5), 355-358.

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Term: Health Disparity

Definition: Differences in health outcomes and their determinants between segments of the population, as defined by social, demographic, environmental, and geographic attributes.

Most Commonly Used: Health and mental health

Source: Center for Disease Control & Prevention. (2011). CDC health disparities and inequalities report. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Supplement Volume 60.

Term: Health Disparity

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Term: Disproportionate minority contact (DMC)

Definition: The disproportionate number of

minority youth that come into contact with the

juvenile justice system.

Most Commonly Used: Juvenile justice

Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs (2012). About DMC. Retrieved

from http://www.ojjdp.gov/dmc/about.html

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Term: Disproportionate Minority Contact

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Term: Achievement gap

Definition: The difference in the performance between each

Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) subgroup

(Overall, Asian, Black, Hispanic, White, Free or Reduced Price

Meals, Limited English Proficient Students, and Special

Education Students) within a participating Local Education

Authority (LEA) or school and the statewide average performance

of the LEA's or State's highest achieving subgroups in

reading/language arts and mathematics as measured by the

assessments required under the ESEA.

Most Commonly Used: Education

Source: U.S. Department of Education. (2012). Definitions. Retrieved from http://www.ed.gov/race-

top/district-competition/definitions

Term: Achievement Gap

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The CEDD

Mission of the Center for Elimination of

Disproportionality & Disparities:

The mission of the Center is to partner with health and

human services agencies, external stakeholders, as

well as other systems and communities to identify and

eliminate disproportionality and disparities affecting

children, families and vulnerable populations.

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The Texas Context

1. History

– Project HOPE (Helping Our People Excel)

2. Legislation

– Senate Bill 6

– Senate Bill 758

– Senate Bill 501

3. Interagency Council

4. Partners

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SB501 Partners

1. HHSC, CEDD, DADS, DARS, DSHS, DFPS

2. Texas Juvenile Justice Department (TJJD)

3. Texas Education Association (TEA)

4. Office of Court Administration (OCA)

5. Office of Attorney General (OAG)

6. Supreme Court Permanent Judicial Commission for

Children, Youth and Families

7. Community Based Representative

8. Faith-based Representative

9. Foster Care Youth Alumni

10.Two Medical Community Representatives

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Cross Systems Data

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0.0x

1.0x

2.0x

3.0x

4.0x

5.0x

6.0x

7.0x

8.0x

Texas Outcomes: 2007-09 African Americans > 2x as likely to have poor outcomes in every system

Relative rate index for measures across child welfare, health, education, juvenile justice, and criminal justice

Tim

es

mo

re /

less

like

ly t

han

wh

ite

s

Outcome

Source: The Interagency Council for Addressing Disproportionality. (2011). Texas Health and Human Services Cross System Data. Austin, TX: Texas Health and Human Services Commission, Center for the Elimination of Disproportionality and Disparities Texas State Office of Minority Health.

African-American

Hispanic

Anglo

CPS Health Education Juvenile Justice Criminal Justice

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Developing the Texas Model

1. Explored the Data

– Tried to understand available data & dig deeper to look at “WHY”

2. Developed Partnerships & Feedback Loops

– Engaged University partners to study the issue

– Reached out to Juvenile Justice, Education and the Courts

– Connected with local community members and leaders

3. Turned the Mirror Inwards

– Informed child welfare leadership of preliminary findings

– Asked “what is it about our system that contributes to these disparate outcomes we are seeing?”

4. Developed & Implemented Project HOPE

– Created a 1-stop service center

– Started at the county level, then expanded it statewide www.ncwwi.org A Service of the Children’s Bureau, a Member of the T/TA Network 17

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THE

TEXAS

MODEL

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KEY

COMPONENTS:

THE TEXAS MODEL

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Model Components (1) 1.Data-driven Strategies

– Collect, research, analyze & proactively share data

on system outcomes by race and ethnicity

2.Leadership Development

– Grow both systems & community leaders that are

courageous & grounded in C.E.D.D. approach

3.Culturally Competent Workforce

– Develop workforce that reviews & examines its work

through an anti-racist & humanistic lens

4.Community Engagement

– Recognize strengths of grass roots community, hear

its ideas & include it throughout process

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Model Components (2)

5. Cross Systems Collaboration

– Share data, training & dialogue with systems,

institutions & agencies that serve same populations

6.Training Defined by Anti-Racist Principles

– Train staff & partners in principles that ensure we

work at cultural & institutional levels

7.An Understanding of the History of Institutional

Racism & the Impact on Poor Communities &

Communities of Color

– Develop common analysis of racism & history that

led to current outcomes

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Examples

1.Courageous Conversations

2.Undoing Institutional Racism

3.Knowing Who You Are

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Undoing Institutional

Racism (UIR) Intensive 2.5-day workshop by The People’s Institute for

Survival & Beyond designed to educate, challenge, and

empower people to “undo” racist structures that hinder effective

social change.

Premise: Racism has been systematically erected and can be

“undone” if people understand where it comes from, how it

functions, and why it is perpetuated.

Addresses the following areas:

1. Analyzing Power

2. Defining Racism

3. Understanding the Manifestations of Racism

4. Learning from History

5. Sharing Culture

6. Organizing to Undo Racism www.ncwwi.org A Service of the Children’s Bureau, a Member of the T/TA Network 23

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Knowing Who You Are

(KWYA) (1) Developed by Casey Family Programs; incorporated into CPS.

Texas DFPS expanded KWYA to include a course for all DFPS

staff as well as a 1-day supervisors' course to better

accommodate supervisors' needs.

KWYA offers DFPS employees an opportunity to develop a

healthy sense of racial and ethnic identity, as well as to

enhance their psychological well-being and social competence.

Based upon the knowledge that staff, volunteers, workers, and

other allies who are more self-aware and equipped with these

skills possess a greater ability to identify and advocate the best

outcomes for all stakeholders.

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Knowing Who You Are

(KWYA) (2) Prior to attending a KWYA instructor-led course, staff must

complete the E-Learning course, which helps develop a

vocabulary for discussing race and ethnicity to be used as a

tool for identity development and for addressing racism and

discrimination. It also illustrates ways of integrating knowledge

and skills into day-to-day practice.

KWYA “in-person learning” courses offered on a regular basis

throughout the state include:

– Supervisory Strategies to Support Knowing Who You Are (1 day

for Supervisors)

– DFPS Version of Knowing Who You Are (1.5 days for non-CPS

staff)

– CPS Version of Knowing Who You Are (2 days for CPS staff)

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IMPACT &

OUTCOMES

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Impact & Outcomes

Improved use of data across systems Higher level of consciousness & shift in

thinking Elevated outcomes for all – not just

families of color –Ensured equity for all populations served by

examining how we responded - or did not respond - to certain groups. When we were willing to examine our work at that level, we raised the bar for everyone - to good outcomes for all populations.

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0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010

Impact: Removal Rates (1)

African-American

Hispanic

Anglo

Disparity (= African American Rate – Anglo Rate)

Source: The Interagency Council for Addressing Disproportionality. (2011). Comparison of stages data. Austin, TX: Texas Health & Human Services Commission, Center for the Elimination of Disproportionality &Disparities, Texas State Office of Minority Health.

Rat

e o

f re

mo

val

(Re

mo

vals

/ A

llega

tio

ns)

Year

Rate of Removal by Racial Group

The Texas Model led to a statewide decrease in removal rates between

2005 and 2010:

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0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

5 Focus Counties All Texas Counties

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

5 Focus Counties All Texas Counties

The decrease was most pronounced in counties where the Texas Model is most developed: African American removal rates pre- & post- intervention

Anglo removal rates pre- & post- intervention

20

05

2

00

5

20

05

Pre

-

20

05

20

08

20

08

2

00

8

20

08

.6% .1%

1.2% .6%

Focus counties (Harris, Tarrant, Dallas, Travis, Jefferson) began community engagement in 2005, 2 years before the rest of the state

Source: Baumann, D. J., Fluke, J., Graham, J. C., Wittenstrom, K., Hedderson, J., Riveau, S., Detlaff, A., Rycraft, J., et al. (2010). Disproportionality in child protective services: The preliminary results of Statewide reform efforts. Retrieved from http://www.dfps.state.tx.us/documents/about/pdf/2010-03-25_Disproportionality.doc

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Impact: Removal Rates (2)

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ACCELERATORS &

DECELERATORS

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Decelerators Role Conflict

– We come to this work to help, not to hurt

– We must become critical lovers of our systems, and elevate

consciousness around these issues to see how we can contribute

to sustaining equity.

Institutional Racism – Well-meaning people find it difficult to understand that outcomes

are not just about individuals: we must address underlying

institutional context.

Resistance & Questioning the Data – The more data/research we have, the more data people request.

– It is difficult to own and accept that racial disparities exist because

of reasons that are different than what they always thought.

Sustainability Concerns

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Accelerators

Risk-taking & willingness to view issues through

a new lens

Leadership commitment

Transparency & data-sharing beyond the agency

Mutual ownership and accountability with

community, stakeholders & other systems

Legislation (Statutory Authority Requirement)

Intensive training (Beyond cultural competence to racial

equity)

Partnership with Casey Family Programs

Overall effectiveness of the Texas Model!

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LESSONS LEARNED

& TIPS FOR OTHER

AGENCIES

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Lessons Learned

Start this work at the leadership level

Attend to transfer of learning (TOL)/implementation supports

– Created a comprehensive day-long curriculum to accompany

the Model. Developed a TA process and toolkit

(implementation roadmap), which encouraged attention to

each component of the model and offered participants a “how

to” for implementing the Model, plus access to additional

resources (e.g., videos, book recommendations, contacts).

Build internal TOL capacity

– Added KWYA coaches into agency to sustain it over time; will

do the same with Courageous Conversations. Sough national

expertise to help build the effort, but didn’t rely on external

folks to do this work over time.

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First Steps & Tips for Other Agencies

1. Have leadership give people permission to question and be courageous. Ensure leadership and accountability for the process.

2. Don’t approach this work in a way that places blame, points fingers, or assumes these are conscious acts. Frame it as bringing more information to the table, so that well-meaning people can SEE it and get in touch with how we all contribute to it.

3. Begin to engage families, youth, community, faith-based leaders, and other systems that touch the lives of children, youth and families.

4. Use data to start the conversation and guide the work. Ask why does the data look the way it does? See if you can just raise the question, and start a dialogue, which is a non-threatening way to start. We have to understand why and how it all came to be before we can undo it.

5. Start courageous conversations about the data at all levels of the agency to try and figure out what it is saying about the system.

6. Explore research partnerships to help examine it at a deeper level to locate root causes – “the cause of the cause or the cause…”

7. Use Texas Model, customize it, and request TA from CEDD.

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APPLYING

THE TEXAS

MODEL TO

TEXAS CPS www.ncwwi.org A Service of the Children’s Bureau, a Member of the T/TA Network 36

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Background

Texas CPS is committed to the Texas Model and all

of the components. A critical component is the

ongoing analysis of race/ethnicity data:

– The data is the visible indicator of possible disparities. The data

indicates places where we need to unpack the “why.”

– Allow for multiple views. Information is pulled from the annual data

book and DRITs (data request intake & tracking) are requested to

examine data not in the annual data book.

– An essential component to data analysis is collaboration with the

CPS Research and Evaluation Team and subject matter experts

for each stage of service.

– It is important to determine exactly what you are looking for and to

understand that you may have more questions than answers.

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Stage Comparison

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Median Time to Adoptions

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Data Analysis for African Americans

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African American children have the

1. Highest rate of removal from their homes

2. Longest time to exit from the CPS system

3. Highest rate of exiting to emancipation (they reach

age of majority without being reunified with their

family, adopted or placed with a relative)

4. Lowest rate of adoption within twelve months of

eligibility for legal adoption

5. Highest exit rate to adoption with relatives

6. Lowest rate of adoption to non-relatives

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Texas CPS Workforce Development Goals

1. Develop a culturally responsive workforce that

reviews and examines its work through an

anti-racist and humanistic lens.

2. Develop a workforce where every employee

has a knowledge of disproportionality,

disparities, institutional racism, and the

importance of healthy racial and ethnic

identities for children, youth and families.

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KEY STRATEGIES

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Key Strategies (1)

Goal-setting: Developing a workforce that

reviews & examines its work through an anti-

racist & humanistic lens. Building an

organization where every employee has a

knowledge of disproportionality, disparities,

institutional racism, and the importance of

healthy racial and ethnic identities.

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Key Strategies (2) Training: Exposing workforce and leadership to

examining work through an anti-racist lens,

using Undoing Racism workshops led by the

People’s Institute for Survival and Beyond.

Implementing Knowing Who You Are training,

with support from Casey Family Programs.

Developing capacity to provide training to entire

workforce, and coaching to enhance learning

transfer. Continually assessing need for

additional trainings and learning supports.

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Key Strategies (3) Engaging Community & Other Systems:

Understanding disparities in other systems, and

making the connection to serving CPS families

and children. Recognizing community strengths,

listening to ideas of others and including them in

the process. Developing local disproportionality

advisory committees. Engaging other systems

and communities in Knowing Who You Are and

Undoing Racism workshops. Continually

reviewing range of partners to ensure

representation of all groups at the table. www.ncwwi.org A Service of the Children’s Bureau, a Member of the T/TA Network 45

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IMPLEMENTATION

PROCESS &

STATUS

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Implementation Drivers (1)

Mission/Vision: Goal of reducing disproportionality and

disparities is core value in our agency mission, vision, and

values. Policies are examined to determine the impact on

families of color.

Implementation Plan: Texas has developed an agency

Disproportionality Implementation Plan encompassing all

DFPS Programs using the Texas Model.

Leadership: You must find your champions in your

management. These individuals will help in leading the

cultural shift. Leadership must understands that this work

is at the foundation of all of the work we do and be able to

articulate this to staff and stakeholders. www.ncwwi.org A Service of the Children’s Bureau, a Member of the T/TA Network 47

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Implementation Drivers (2)

Capacity-building: TX recognized early on in the

implementation model a need to hire dedicated

disproportionality staff. Hired 12 Disproportionality

Specialists located across the state. Specialists focus on

cross-systems efforts, and are supervised by Ms. James.

CPS has 2 dedicated disproportionality positions at state

office level as well.

Training: We have trained over 6,000 current DFPS

employees in Undoing Racism and Knowing Who You. CPS

employees begin discussing disproportionality/disparities on

first day of child welfare training - Basic Skills Development.

Supervisors discuss disproportionality and disparities in

training - Supervisor Basic Skills Development.

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Implementation Drivers (3)

Coaching for Transfer of Learning: Dedicated staff provide

coaching from Commissioner-level to the frontline worker-level.

Regional management provide coaching through Think Tanks,

unit meetings, and conferences. With assistance of Casey

Family Programs, Texas CPS developed Knowing Who You

Are Supervisory Strategies Course to aid supervisors in TOL.

Expanding Reach: We are developing and procuring training

on working with African American families, Latino families, and

impoverished families.

Data Analysis: Annual disproportionality reports allow TX to

continually assess our organization while being accountable to

the community through public distribution on our website.

Annual report on removals is required by legislative mandate.

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IMPACT &

OUTCOMES

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Impact & Outcomes (1)

Texas saw a decrease in disproportionality in

2010, and Texas is closing the removal gap for

African American children and youth.

Information on disproportionality, anti-racist

principles, and institutional racism are

imbedded in trainings at the supervisor and

worker level.

All practice enhancements include

information related to the disparities and how

those disparities impact families of color. www.ncwwi.org A Service of the Children’s Bureau, a Member of the T/TA Network 51

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Impact & Outcomes (2)

Increasing focus on areas with high disparities

has led to a reduction at different decision

points at regional and state level. Example:

focused adoption efforts in 1 county led to an

increase in adoptions of African American

children, plus increase of adoptions overall.

Increasing knowledge of data and trends at the

Regional Director level has allowed Regional

Directors to take ownership for improving

outcomes at the regional level.

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Closing the Gap: Removal after Investigation

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05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12

African American 8.3% 7.6% 7.0% 5.9% 5.6% 7.3% 6.8% 6.6%

Anglo 6.1% 6.1% 5.4% 5.1% 4.2% 5.7% 5.6% 6.1%

Hispanic 6.2% 6.1% 5.5% 4.8% 3.8% 5.1% 5.5% 5.9%

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

8.0%

9.0%

Pe

rce

nt

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ACCELERATORS &

DECELERATORS

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Accelerators What has helped implementation of the Texas Model

to strengthen the Texas CPS Workforce?

• Commitment from leadership

• Community collaboration

• Legislation

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Decelerators What has hindered implementation of the Texas

Model to strengthen the Texas CPS Workforce? What

kind of roadblocks have developed?

• Data collection by race and ethnicity

• Lack of roadmap to take frontline staff

from concept to application

• Staff understanding of how this

complex issue fits into the day-to-day

practice activities.

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LESSONS LEARNED

& TIPS FOR OTHER

AGENCIES

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Lessons Learned (1)

1. Base your efforts on people being at different points on their journey. Resistance is normal when embarking on a cultural shift, especially when discussing the racial foundations of “helping” systems.

2. You will need an infrastructure (including dedicated staff) whereby executive leadership agrees with and supports mission/goals of the work.

3. You will need to articulate why discussing race/ethnicity related to casework is foundational to providing effective child welfare services.

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Lessons Learned (2)

5. You can foresee resistance to change and develop a plan for addressing it prior to the manifestation of resistance as a serious roadblock.

6. Although it is difficult to isolate the primary cause of disparities when several practice enhancements are put in place to reduce disproportionality, a combined effort resulted in reducing disparities in Texas child welfare.

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Sustaining the Work in Texas

Frontline staff must understand this basic philosophy: If we do our very best with every family while acknowledging the existence of racial and ethnic disparities in the child welfare system and the impact of those disparities on families, then we can reduce disproportionality. Reducing disproportionality is not a separate task. It is in all of the work we do. We have the tools, and we must use them.

Understanding how all practice enhancements will impact disproportionality and making the connection for staff: You must connect the dots for staff. Every single time practice changes. Example: Fatherhood Initiative and Disproportionality.

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Critical Elements for Success

1. Data 2. Transparency 3. Understanding that racial and ethnic

disparities exist from the cradle to the grave and that CPS cannot reduce disproportionality working in isolation

4. A roadmap beyond the “ ah-ha” moment of cultural competence training

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Final Tips for Other Agencies (1)

Use the basic foundation of the Texas Model.

Start with data. The work begins with the data. We are all focused on “WIIFM” (What’s in it for me?).

Evaluate your jurisdiction/agency and the culture of your jurisdiction/agency before implementing any trainings.

Avoid starting the training process with frontline staff. All efforts should begin with agency leadership, and move through managers and directors and supervisors before the frontlines.

Fund dedicated disproportionality staff.

Be willing to be transparent with the community.

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Final Tips for Other Agencies (2)

Involve the Judiciary, CASA, Tribes, foster parents, bio-parents, youth, and Faith-Based community.

Don’t shy away from opponents of the child welfare system. They can turn into your best advocates in this work!

Develop and maintain relationships with all stakeholders to ensure sustainability.

Remember that improving the outcomes for those with the most disparate outcomes actually improves outcomes for all.

Don’t forget that this is long-term work. The problem was not created overnight and it won’t be fixed overnight. www.ncwwi.org A Service of the Children’s Bureau, a Member of the T/TA Network 63

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QUESTIONS?

COMMENTS?

IDEAS?

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Continuing the Conversation

1. Visit http://www.ncwwi.org/events/archive.html for the

webinar RECORDING & PRESENTER HANDOUTS

2. Participate in this webinar session’s follow-up

LEARNING LAB on 5/17 from 2-3 pm ET for

discussion with your peers & the presenters (register

at:

http://events.constantcontact.com/register/event?llr=p

fnuq9dab&oeidk=a07e7a9ic8q5afa1eb7

3. Provide feedback to inform our webinar offerings by

completing a quick EVALUATION SURVEY (via

email from Robin Leake, Butler Institute for Families

at the University of Denver) www.ncwwi.org A Service of the Children’s Bureau, a Member of the T/TA Network 65

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1. NCWWI Disproportionality & Disparity Resource List

2. NCWWI Cultural Responsiveness Resource List

3. NCWWI 1-pg Summary #11: Cultural Competence

4. NCWWI 1-pg Summary #19: Culturally Competent

Systems of Care

5. Center for Elimination of Disproportionality & Disparities

6. Interagency Council for Addressing Disproportionality:

Report to the 83rd Legislature

7. Disproportionality in the CPS System 1. Disproportionality in CPS: Updated Results of Statewide Reform Efforts (2011)

2. Disproportionality in CPS: The Preliminary Results of Statewide Reform

Efforts in Texas (2010)

8. The People’s Institute for Survival & Beyond: Undoing

Racism

9. Casey Family Programs Knowing Who You Are

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Additional Web Links

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Center for Elimination of Disproportionality & Disparities, Texas HHSC (including TA) - contact

Joyce James at [email protected]

Texas Department of Family & Protective Services – contact Tanya Rollins at

[email protected]

Culturally Responsive Workforce Development Learning Lab – contact Sharon Kollar at

[email protected]

NCWWI National Webinars & other NCWWI products – contact Sara Munson at [email protected]

www.ncwwi.org A Service of the Children’s Bureau, a Member of the T/TA Network 67

To learn more about….

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UPCOMING SESSIONS

Friday, May 17, 2013, 2-3 pm ET

Building a Culturally Responsive

Workforce Learning Lab

July 17, 2013 Session #9

Workforce Retention Strategies from

Washington DC

September 11, 2013 Session #10

Professional Education & Training

Strategies in Pennsylvania

www.ncwwi.org A Service of the Children’s Bureau, a Member of the T/TA Network 68


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