M C DONALD INSTITUTE MONOGRAPHS Edited by Tjeerd H. van Andel* & William Davies with contributions by Leslie C. Aiello, Judy R.M. Allen, Eric J. Barron, Robert A. Foley, Clive S. Gamble, Piers Gollop, Brian Huntley, Olaf Jöris, Marta Mirazón Lahr, Anastasia Markova, Rudolf Musil, Heiko Pälike, David Pollard, Cheryl Ross, John R. Stewart, Chris Stringer, Paul Valdes, Thijs van Kolfschoten, Bernhard Weninger & Peter Wheeler * Co-ordinator of the Stage 3 Project Neanderthals and modern humans in the European landscape during the last glaciation: archaeological results of the Stage 3 Project
Transcript
MCDONALD INSTITUTE MONOGRAPHS
Edited by Tjeerd H. van Andel* & William Davies
with contributions byLeslie C. Aiello, Judy R.M. Allen, Eric J. Barron, Robert A. Foley, Clive S. Gamble,Piers Gollop, Brian Huntley, Olaf Jöris, Marta Mirazón Lahr, Anastasia Markova,Rudolf Musil, Heiko Pälike, David Pollard, Cheryl Ross, John R. Stewart, ChrisStringer, Paul Valdes, Thijs van Kolfschoten, Bernhard Weninger & Peter Wheeler
* Co-ordinator of the Stage 3 Project
Neanderthals and modernhumans in the Europeanlandscape during the last glaciation:archaeological results of the Stage 3 Project
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Published by:
McDonald Institute for Archaeological ResearchUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3ERUK+44-(0)-1223-339336 (Publications); +44-(0)1223-333538 (Institute Main Office); +44-(0)1223-333536 (FAX)
Distributed by Oxbow Books United Kingdom: Oxbow Books, Park End Place, Oxford, OX1 1HN, UK. Tel: +44-(0)-1865-241249; Fax: +44-(0)-1865-794449; http://www.oxbowbooks.com/ USA: The David Brown Book Company, P.O. Box 511, Oakville, CT 06779, USA. Tel: 860-945-9329; FAX: 860-945-9468
All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may bereproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in anyform or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of theMcDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.
Edited for the Institute by Chris Scarre (Series Editor) and Dora A. Kemp (Production Editor).
Cover illustrations: Neanderthal and Homo sapiens sapiens. (Drawings by Rudy Zallinger; courtesy of theNational Science Foundation, Mosaic 11(6), 1980.)
Printed and bound by Short Run Press, Bittern Rd, Sowton Industrial Estate, Exeter, EX2 7LW, UK.
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In memory of
Dr Olga Marie van Andel (1925–2002)
Professor of Botany (emeritus), the University of Utrecht
who supported the Stage 3 Project in many ways.
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CONTENTS
Contributors viFigures viiTables ixAppendices xAcknowledgements xiForeword CLIVE GAMBLE xiiiPrologue TJEERD H. VAN ANDEL xvii
Chapter 1 The Stage 3 Project: Initiation, Objectives, Approaches 1TJEERD H. VAN ANDEL
Chapter 2 Glacial Environments I: the Weichselian Climate in Europe between the End of the OIS-5Interglacial and the Last Glacial Maximum 9
TJEERD H. VAN ANDEL
Chapter 3 Archaeological Dates as Proxies for the Spatial and Temporal Human Presence in Europe:a Discourse on the Method 21
TJEERD H. VAN ANDEL, WILLIAM DAVIES, BERNHARD WENINGER & OLAF JÖRIS
Chapter 4 The Human Presence in Europe during the Last Glacial Period I:Human Migrations and the Changing Climate 31
TJEERD H. VAN ANDEL, WILLIAM DAVIES & BERNARD WENINGER
Chapter 5 Glacial Environments II: Reconstructing the Climate of Europe in the Last Glaciation 57ERIC BARRON, TJEERD H. VAN ANDEL & DAVID POLLARD
Chapter 6 Glacial Environments III: Palaeo-vegetation Patterns in Late Glacial Europe 79BRIAN HUNTLEY & JUDY R.M. ALLEN
Chapter 7 The Mammalian Faunas of Europe during Oxygen Isotope Stage Three 103JOHN R. STEWART, THIJS VAN KOLFSCHOTEN, ANASTASIA MARKOVA & RUDOLF MUSIL
Chapter 8 The Human Presence in Europe during the Last Glacial Period II: Climate Tolerance andClimate Preferences of Mid- and Late Glacial Hominids 131
WILLIAM DAVIES & PIERS GOLLOP
Chapter 9 Neanderthal Thermoregulation and the Glacial Climate 147LESLIE C. AIELLO & PETER WHEELER
Chapter 10 The Middle and Upper Palaeolithic Game Suite in Central and Southeastern Europe 167RUDOLF MUSIL
Chapter 11 The Human Presence in Europe during the Last Glacial Period III:Site Clusters, Regional Climates and Resource Attractions 191
WILLIAM DAVIES, PAUL VALDES, CHERYL ROSS & TJEERD H. VAN ANDEL
Chapter 12 Neanderthals as Part of the Broader Late Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions? 221JOHN R. STEWART, THIJS VAN KOLFSCHOTEN, ANASTASIA MARKOVA & RUDOLF MUSIL
Chapter 13 Climatic Stress and the Extinction of the Neanderthals 233CHRIS STRINGER, HEIKO PÄLIKE, TJEERD H. VAN ANDEL, BRIAN HUNTLEY, PAUL VALDES &JUDY R.M. ALLEN
Chapter 14 Demography, Dispersal and Human Evolution in the Last Glacial Period 241MARTA MIRAZÓN LAHR & ROBERT A. FOLEY
Epilogue Humans in an Ice Age - The Stage 3 Project: Overture or Finale? 257TJEERD H. VAN ANDEL
