Need for a vibrant wheat seed industry in rain fed areas of Punjab

for providing varietal choice & fast tracking deployment of new varieties

Dr. Muhammad TariqDirector

Wheat crop area in Punjab (2011-12)

Total area: 16.02 m. acres

Rain fed: 1.72 m. acres (11 %)

Source: Punjab Development Statistics 2013

348282 279

86 64 72

35 (9%)

7 (3%) 22 (7%)

37 (30%)

148 (70%)

361 (83%)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Attock Rawalpindi Chakwal Jhelum Khushab Mianwali

Are u

nd

er W

heat

(0

00

acres)

Rainfed Irrigated

1.01.2

0.8 0.90.6

0.5

2.1

1.7

2.32.5

2.2

2.5

2.9

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

Wh

eat

Yie

ld (

t h

a-1

)

Rainfed Irrigated

Wheat average yield (t ha-1)

Source: Punjab Development Statistics 2013

Drought stress

Poor Soil Fertility

Use of poor quality seed

Weed Infestation

Smaller farm size

Erratic rainfall

Low fertilizer use

Lack of Farm mechanization

Causes of Low Yield

1

•Use of uncertified seed/old varieties (95%)

2• Poor crop establishment

3• Low wheat yields

Wheat Seed Requirement & Availability

Variety-wise authentic sale records were not available with any agency

~5%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Requirement Availability

Wh

eat

Seed

(0

00

to

nn

es)

Punjab Rainfed

Marketing Channels of Wheat Seed Punjab(R.F.)

Weak Link95%

No private/public seed producing companyin core rainfed region (Rawalpindi Div). > 700 companies working in Irrigated areas

During drier winter seasons, higher seed losses occur during grading, farmer gets discourage

No seed processing plant (Cleaning, grading & packing)

Major Constraints wheat seed production

in rain fed areas

Small land holdings. 72% farmers have 1-5ha

0

50

100

150

200

250

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

8

Dry Period

Monsoon period

Erratic Rainfall Pattern (at Chakwal)

25-150

20-220Winter rain = 150 mmCWR = 325 mm

Size of farms in Punjab barani tract

19

53

18

8

30

2

30

25

21

16

7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

LESS THAN1

01 – 05 06 – 10 11 – 20 21 – 60 OVER 60

Pe

rce

nt

Farm Size (Hectares)

FARM NUMBER (%)

AREA (%)

72%

28%

BARI and other NARS partners are regularly developing drought tolerant, disease resistant and high yield varieties of wheat for rain fed areas

Opportunities

Name of Variety Year of release Yield Potential(kg ha-1)

1. Dharabi-11 2011 7500

2. BARS-09 2009 5500

3. Chakwal-50 2008 7400

Other organizations i.e. NARC, AZRI, RARI etc. have also developed high yielding wheat varieties for dry land areasWheat varieties released by WRI are also being grown

Seed production facilities with BARI (30-50 t/year)

Government has developed ~1200 mini dams; 60 small dams, >1000 dug wells; turbines, perennial streams-Such areas can become hub of

seed production

Opportunities

Continued….

Private-Public Partnership

Informal Seed Production

Formal Seed Production

Public-Private Partnership Model

The model was tested under Sustainable Land Management Project

The theme of the activity was

Promotion of Drought Tolerant & Low DeltaCrops in Barani Tract of Punjab

Objectives of PPP

Produce, procure and sale 90, 000kg certified seed of improvedwheat varieties through Public-Private Partnership

Create awareness among farmerscommunities through seeddemonstration blocks

The project invited sealed bids Zamindara Seed

Corporation (ZSC) gave the highest bid to contribute 52% ofthe total cost of the project

A Public-Private Partnership (PPP) agreement was signedbetween ZSC and the Government of Punjab to implementthe project

Methodology

1. Seed Production

BARI provided 3.75 tonnes basic seed to ZSC (Zamindara Seed Coy)

ZSC multiplied seed on 75 acres with contract growers in Okara & Sahiwal

Seed production process monitored by experts of BARI and FSCRD

GIS MAP SHOWING SEED PRODUCTION AREA

2. Seed Processing & Packing

ZSC procured 90 tonnes of certified seed from growers.

Seed grading/Cleaning/storage was accomplished by ZSC. 36000 bags of 25 kg each were packed

The process was monitored by experts of BARI and FSCRD.

3. Seed Marketing

ZSC transported 90 tonnes of certified seed to Chakwal.

Seed was sold to growers at PSC rates through four seed dealers.

4. Improvement in Wheat Yield (Demo plots)

22%

16%

32%

47%

70%

147% 46%

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Jhamara Miani Dhurnal PindiGujran

Talagang RehnaSadaat

Av.

Wh

eat

yie

ld (

t h

a-1)

Farmer's own seed Certified seed

Awareness through farmers days

FAST TRACKING DEPLOYMENT OF NEW VARIETIES

Pre-release multiplication of promising wheat genotypes (CIMMYT WPEP)

Post released seed multiplication of Ug 99 resistant vars.

Variety popularization & demonstration (CIMMYT WPEP)

BARI-District Government Model

1. Pre-release seed multiplication of promising lines(2013-14)

Promising line

(local)

Area planted

(ha)seed produced (MT)

6C002 1 1

DH-31 1 0.110

09FJ34 0.2 0.148

2. Post release seed production(BNS,PBS & BS) of newly released Ug99 resistant varieties(2013-14)

Variety Seed class Research centre Public sector

Area in ha

Private sector

Area in ha

Area (ha) Seed

produced

(Kg)

Area (ha) Seed

produced

(Kg)

Area (ha) Seed

produced

(Kg)

Dharabi-11 BNS 0.2 435 - -

PBS 1 3140 - - 0.2 510

BS 12 26400 28 56000 3 12680

BARS-09 BNS 0.2 375

PBS 1.0 2640

BS 4.0 3260

3. Variety popularization and demonstration of Dharabi-11

Farmer Area sown

(Ha)

Yield

(Kg)

Muhammad Nazar 0.4 1296

Shaukat Ali 0.4 1283

Akhtar Hayat 0.4 1158

Muhammad Nawaz 0.4 1186

Qamar Abbas 0.4 1300

HasnainAraf 0.4 1381

Ghulam Muhammad 0.4 1170

AltafHussainRanjha 0.4 1132

Abbas Ali 0.4 1207

Muhammad Sadeeq 0.4 1162

Ahmed Khan 0.4 1283

Total 4.4 13.6 ton

4.Farmer-based seed production of

Dharabi-11

Name of farmer Area sown Yield (Kg)

(Ha)

Ahmed Nawaz 0.4 2117Ghulam Abbas 0.4 2684Haji Muhammad 0.4 1854Malik Khan 0.4 2419Muhammad Ayub Advocate 0.4 1575Ali Haider 0.4 1474Jahan Khan 0.4 1721Haji Atta Muhammad 0.4 1692Ehtesham Hassan 0.4 1717MlluhammadShakeel 0.4 2005Khalid Hussain 0.4 1846MazharKhahoot 0.4 1725SohailParacha 0.4 1759TOTAL 5.2 24.6 ton

Net benefit of Informal seed production by Farmers

Year Variety # Farmers

Area

(ha)Production

(ton)

Net benefit

as grain*

(PKR)

Net benefit

as seed**

(PKR)

Difference

(PKR)

2013-14 Dharabi-11 13 5.2 24.6 426000 518250 92250

variety popularization and demonstration on farmer’s fields

Year Variety # Farmers

Area

(ha)Production

(ton)

Net benefit

as grain*

(PKR)

Net benefit

as seed**

(PKR)

Difference

(PKR)

2013-14 Dharabi-11 11 4.4 13.6 166000 217000 51000

*Grain sold @ Rs. 1200/mnd** Seed sold @ Rs. 1350/mnd

Plan for seed multiplication 2014-15

Variety Seed class Research centre

Area in ha

Amount

(in MT)Dharabi-11 BNS 0.1 0.4

PBS 1 3.00

BS 6 18.00

BARS-09 BNS 0.1 0.4

PBS 0.4 1.6

BS 5 12.00

2. Post release seed production(BNS,PBS & BS) of newly released Ug99 resistant varieties

Pre-released line Area to

be

planted

(ha)

Expected

seed

production

(MT)

Status

6C002 2 7.6 NUWYT 2 years completed

DH-31 2 7.6 NUWYT 2 years completed)

11C022 0.1 0.4 NUWYT 1st year

11C023 0.1 0.4 NUWYT 1st year

11C007 0.1 0.4 NUWYT 1st year

1. Pre-release seed multiplication of promising lines

3. Variety popularization and demonstration of Dharabi-11 at 15

locations4. Farmer-based seed production of Dharabi-11 at 15 locations

BARI-DISTRICT GOVERNMENT MODEL

Year2008-09

The District Government Chakwal Purchased 4 tonne seed of Chakwal-50 from BARI Provided seed to 100 wheat growers

Procured quality seed (160 tonnes) from growers on premium price (1300/40kg) and stored it

Sold seed to the growers during next season on price (1600/40kg) slightly lower than PSC price (1900/40kg)

Pre-release seed multiplication

Seed multiplication at farmers fields

THANKS

www.barichakwal.orgwww.facebook.com/barichakwalbarichakwal@yahoo.com+92 543 594499