Date post: | 13-Dec-2014 |
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Education |
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Needs Analysis, Task Analysis & Learner Analysis
Chelsie Sernick
Needs Analysis: What is it?
• Instruction is motivated by a essential for change– Change may be externally motived or internally
motivated • External motivation could be the need to meet a
particular standard or the need for company to train workers in a particular skill
• Internal motivation could be the need to identify a problem or increase learners comprehension of a specific subject area or it may be to develop worker productivity
Conducting a Needs Analysis
• Some essential questions may include: – Where will this change need to take place?– Is instruction the most appropriate means for
realizing this change?
Formal Needs vs. Informal Needs
• Formal needs analysis: Analysis may include gathering evidence from a variety of sources by conducting interviews, observations, reviewing existing materials and surveys
• Informal needs analysis: first-hand experience of the learning needs
Mager’s Performance Analysis
• Heuristic to help instructional designers conclude what someone is currently doing and what he/she needs to be doing
Morrison, Ross and Kemp’s “needs assessment”
• Flow chart for conducting a performance• Provides a more technical plans for conducting a
needs assessment • 4 phases: Planning, Collecting Data, Analyzing the
Data, Preparing final report• Also, have two other needs analysis methods: Goal
Analysis and Performance Assessment
Task Analysis • Task analysis is the systematic procedure used by
instructional designers to decide what a learner needs to learn or understand by participating in instruction
• Defines the content needed to solve the performance problem or alleviate a performance need– makes the educator work through the individual students
and identify subtle steps– makes the designer see the content from the learners’
viewpoint
Dick & Carey’s Definition of Task Analysis
• Process of naming the skills and knowledge that should be involved in instruction
• What exactly would learners be doing if they were demonstrating that they already could perform the goal?
Guiding Questions: What should task analysis help us answer
• What is the task that a learner needs to be able to accomplish or perform?
• What are they key components of this task (what are the skills and knowledge learner needs in order to complete or perform the task)?
• How will you determine whether a learner is able to complete the task?
What is Learner Analysis? • Learner analysis is
understanding the target learners and understanding in advance what they can and will do
• Instructional designers/ educators must conduct evaluation for a group of learners
• Different approaches to understanding learners: Mager, Dick and Carey, Smith and Ragan
Learner Analysis for Instructional Design
• Who are the intended learners for the instruction? • What common traits do members in the learning group possess? • What are the differences among the learners?• What are the achievements and general ability levels of the learners? • How do the learners feel about the organization/institution providing
the training?