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Neoadjuvant Therapy in Rectal Cancer Mohamed Abdulla M.D. Prof. of Clinical Oncology Cairo University Colorectal Cancer Meeting Zagazig 06/04/2017
Transcript
Page 1: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Neoadjuvant Therapy in Rectal Cancer

Mohamed Abdulla MD

Prof of Clinical Oncology

Cairo University

Colorectal Cancer MeetingZagazig 06042017

Member of Advisory Board Consultant and Speaker for

bull Amgen Astellas AstraZeneca Hoffman la Roche Janssen Cilag Merck Serono Novartis Pfizer Mundipharma

bull The content of this presentation does not relate to any product of a commercial interest

Speaker Disclosures

Basic Facts

bull 2nd amp 3rd most common cancer in females amp males

bull 14 million new case and 694000 deaths

bull Males gt Females

bull Lowest rates in Africa amp South Central Asia

bull Low SES 30 increased risk

bull Rising incidence lt 50 years Left sided colon amp rectal symptomatic amp advanced Poor outcome yet better than right sided colon cancer

bull Sporadic gt Hereditary

Siegel RL Miller KD Jemal A Cancer statistics 2016 CA Cancer J Clin 2016 667 Ahnen DJ Wade SW Jones WF et al The increasing incidence of young-onset colorectal cancer a call to action Mayo Clin Proc2014 89216

Principles

Surgery is the cornerstone in management

However

Local Recurrence Following Surgery Alone

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004

Cuthbert Dukes 1932 Nodes as a prognostic factor

Local Recurrence Better Insight

CircumferentialMargins

Number Local Recurrence Rate

P

gt 2 mm 987 33 lt 00001

1 ndash 2 mm 100 85 002

lt 1 mm 227 131 008

Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys Vol 55 No 5 pp 1311ndash1320 2003

CRM or LNs

MURCERY Trial

Fiona et al JCO 20141(32) 34-46

Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer

Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop

Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

LR = 24

Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer

bull GITSG

bull NCCTG

bull NSABP R-01

N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 months

Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months

Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept

N Engl J Med 20043511731-40

Slide 4

Slide 3

Slide 2

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 2: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Member of Advisory Board Consultant and Speaker for

bull Amgen Astellas AstraZeneca Hoffman la Roche Janssen Cilag Merck Serono Novartis Pfizer Mundipharma

bull The content of this presentation does not relate to any product of a commercial interest

Speaker Disclosures

Basic Facts

bull 2nd amp 3rd most common cancer in females amp males

bull 14 million new case and 694000 deaths

bull Males gt Females

bull Lowest rates in Africa amp South Central Asia

bull Low SES 30 increased risk

bull Rising incidence lt 50 years Left sided colon amp rectal symptomatic amp advanced Poor outcome yet better than right sided colon cancer

bull Sporadic gt Hereditary

Siegel RL Miller KD Jemal A Cancer statistics 2016 CA Cancer J Clin 2016 667 Ahnen DJ Wade SW Jones WF et al The increasing incidence of young-onset colorectal cancer a call to action Mayo Clin Proc2014 89216

Principles

Surgery is the cornerstone in management

However

Local Recurrence Following Surgery Alone

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004

Cuthbert Dukes 1932 Nodes as a prognostic factor

Local Recurrence Better Insight

CircumferentialMargins

Number Local Recurrence Rate

P

gt 2 mm 987 33 lt 00001

1 ndash 2 mm 100 85 002

lt 1 mm 227 131 008

Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys Vol 55 No 5 pp 1311ndash1320 2003

CRM or LNs

MURCERY Trial

Fiona et al JCO 20141(32) 34-46

Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer

Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop

Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

LR = 24

Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer

bull GITSG

bull NCCTG

bull NSABP R-01

N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 months

Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months

Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept

N Engl J Med 20043511731-40

Slide 4

Slide 3

Slide 2

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 3: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Basic Facts

bull 2nd amp 3rd most common cancer in females amp males

bull 14 million new case and 694000 deaths

bull Males gt Females

bull Lowest rates in Africa amp South Central Asia

bull Low SES 30 increased risk

bull Rising incidence lt 50 years Left sided colon amp rectal symptomatic amp advanced Poor outcome yet better than right sided colon cancer

bull Sporadic gt Hereditary

Siegel RL Miller KD Jemal A Cancer statistics 2016 CA Cancer J Clin 2016 667 Ahnen DJ Wade SW Jones WF et al The increasing incidence of young-onset colorectal cancer a call to action Mayo Clin Proc2014 89216

Principles

Surgery is the cornerstone in management

However

Local Recurrence Following Surgery Alone

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004

Cuthbert Dukes 1932 Nodes as a prognostic factor

Local Recurrence Better Insight

CircumferentialMargins

Number Local Recurrence Rate

P

gt 2 mm 987 33 lt 00001

1 ndash 2 mm 100 85 002

lt 1 mm 227 131 008

Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys Vol 55 No 5 pp 1311ndash1320 2003

CRM or LNs

MURCERY Trial

Fiona et al JCO 20141(32) 34-46

Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer

Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop

Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

LR = 24

Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer

bull GITSG

bull NCCTG

bull NSABP R-01

N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 months

Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months

Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept

N Engl J Med 20043511731-40

Slide 4

Slide 3

Slide 2

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 4: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Principles

Surgery is the cornerstone in management

However

Local Recurrence Following Surgery Alone

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004

Cuthbert Dukes 1932 Nodes as a prognostic factor

Local Recurrence Better Insight

CircumferentialMargins

Number Local Recurrence Rate

P

gt 2 mm 987 33 lt 00001

1 ndash 2 mm 100 85 002

lt 1 mm 227 131 008

Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys Vol 55 No 5 pp 1311ndash1320 2003

CRM or LNs

MURCERY Trial

Fiona et al JCO 20141(32) 34-46

Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer

Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop

Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

LR = 24

Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer

bull GITSG

bull NCCTG

bull NSABP R-01

N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 months

Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months

Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept

N Engl J Med 20043511731-40

Slide 4

Slide 3

Slide 2

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 5: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Local Recurrence Following Surgery Alone

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004

Cuthbert Dukes 1932 Nodes as a prognostic factor

Local Recurrence Better Insight

CircumferentialMargins

Number Local Recurrence Rate

P

gt 2 mm 987 33 lt 00001

1 ndash 2 mm 100 85 002

lt 1 mm 227 131 008

Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys Vol 55 No 5 pp 1311ndash1320 2003

CRM or LNs

MURCERY Trial

Fiona et al JCO 20141(32) 34-46

Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer

Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop

Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

LR = 24

Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer

bull GITSG

bull NCCTG

bull NSABP R-01

N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 months

Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months

Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept

N Engl J Med 20043511731-40

Slide 4

Slide 3

Slide 2

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 6: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004

Cuthbert Dukes 1932 Nodes as a prognostic factor

Local Recurrence Better Insight

CircumferentialMargins

Number Local Recurrence Rate

P

gt 2 mm 987 33 lt 00001

1 ndash 2 mm 100 85 002

lt 1 mm 227 131 008

Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys Vol 55 No 5 pp 1311ndash1320 2003

CRM or LNs

MURCERY Trial

Fiona et al JCO 20141(32) 34-46

Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer

Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop

Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

LR = 24

Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer

bull GITSG

bull NCCTG

bull NSABP R-01

N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 months

Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months

Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept

N Engl J Med 20043511731-40

Slide 4

Slide 3

Slide 2

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 7: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Cuthbert Dukes 1932 Nodes as a prognostic factor

Local Recurrence Better Insight

CircumferentialMargins

Number Local Recurrence Rate

P

gt 2 mm 987 33 lt 00001

1 ndash 2 mm 100 85 002

lt 1 mm 227 131 008

Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys Vol 55 No 5 pp 1311ndash1320 2003

CRM or LNs

MURCERY Trial

Fiona et al JCO 20141(32) 34-46

Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer

Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop

Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

LR = 24

Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer

bull GITSG

bull NCCTG

bull NSABP R-01

N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 months

Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months

Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept

N Engl J Med 20043511731-40

Slide 4

Slide 3

Slide 2

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 8: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Local Recurrence Better Insight

CircumferentialMargins

Number Local Recurrence Rate

P

gt 2 mm 987 33 lt 00001

1 ndash 2 mm 100 85 002

lt 1 mm 227 131 008

Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys Vol 55 No 5 pp 1311ndash1320 2003

CRM or LNs

MURCERY Trial

Fiona et al JCO 20141(32) 34-46

Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer

Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop

Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

LR = 24

Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer

bull GITSG

bull NCCTG

bull NSABP R-01

N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 months

Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months

Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept

N Engl J Med 20043511731-40

Slide 4

Slide 3

Slide 2

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 9: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

CRM or LNs

MURCERY Trial

Fiona et al JCO 20141(32) 34-46

Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer

Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop

Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

LR = 24

Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer

bull GITSG

bull NCCTG

bull NSABP R-01

N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 months

Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months

Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept

N Engl J Med 20043511731-40

Slide 4

Slide 3

Slide 2

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 10: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

MURCERY Trial

Fiona et al JCO 20141(32) 34-46

Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer

Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop

Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

LR = 24

Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer

bull GITSG

bull NCCTG

bull NSABP R-01

N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 months

Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months

Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept

N Engl J Med 20043511731-40

Slide 4

Slide 3

Slide 2

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 11: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer

Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop

Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

LR = 24

Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer

bull GITSG

bull NCCTG

bull NSABP R-01

N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 months

Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months

Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept

N Engl J Med 20043511731-40

Slide 4

Slide 3

Slide 2

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 12: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop

Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

LR = 24

Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer

bull GITSG

bull NCCTG

bull NSABP R-01

N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 months

Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months

Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept

N Engl J Med 20043511731-40

Slide 4

Slide 3

Slide 2

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 13: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop

Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

LR = 24

Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer

bull GITSG

bull NCCTG

bull NSABP R-01

N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 months

Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months

Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept

N Engl J Med 20043511731-40

Slide 4

Slide 3

Slide 2

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 14: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)

Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

LR = 24

Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer

bull GITSG

bull NCCTG

bull NSABP R-01

N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 months

Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months

Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept

N Engl J Med 20043511731-40

Slide 4

Slide 3

Slide 2

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 15: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer

bull GITSG

bull NCCTG

bull NSABP R-01

N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks

Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine

X 2 months

Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months

Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept

N Engl J Med 20043511731-40

Slide 4

Slide 3

Slide 2

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 16: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept

N Engl J Med 20043511731-40

Slide 4

Slide 3

Slide 2

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 17: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Slide 4

Slide 3

Slide 2

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 18: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Slide 3

Slide 2

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 19: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Slide 2

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 20: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 21: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Slide 7

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 22: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Slide 9

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 23: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Slide 11

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 24: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Slide 12

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 25: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy

Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 26: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine

The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007

EQUIVALENT

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 27: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve

1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 28: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 29: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 30: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 31: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 32: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition

Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447

No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4

Adverse Events

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 33: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications

1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication

2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)

3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher

Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)

ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment

ndash Approved outside US

4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes

5 Low situated lesions

6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia

Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 34: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome

Complete Response

cCRpCR

bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less

Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks

bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging

bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI

bull ypT0N0

Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 35: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 36: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Grade Regression Fibrosis

0 No All cells are viable

1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis

2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis

3 Good gt50

4 Total No Viable Cells

Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade

Grade 10 ndash year DM

P 10 ndash Year DFS P

0 - 1 3960005

6300082 - 3 293 736

4 105 895

J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 37: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR

British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 38: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Can we Avoid Surgery

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 39: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Can we Avoid Surgery

JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011

21 PatientspCR

Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III

Wait amp See

MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy

Median Follow up =25 months

1 Patient LR Surgery

20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR

Median Follow up =35 months

2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 40: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 41: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 42: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 43: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Slide 10

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 44: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Slide 11

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 45: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Slide 13

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 46: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Slide 14

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 47: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Slide 15

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 48: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Slide 16

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 49: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 50: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Cause of death

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 51: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Take home messages

Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 52: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 53: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 54: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit

Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 55: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 56: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 57: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy

bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based

Rectal Cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 58: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials

bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)

bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)

bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)

bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)

Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE

bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)

bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)

NEG

ATI

VE

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 59: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Parameter HR P

OAS 097 0775

DFS 091 0230

Distant Recurrence 094 0523

Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even

Parameter HR P

DFS 059 0005

Distant Recurrence 061 0025

bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV

Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 60: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

bull No one can indicate not to be given

bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high

bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared

bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy

bull Impact of pCR

Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions

As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 61: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT

55 Weeks 6 wksTME

1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth

18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted

CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth

Neodjuvant Chemoth

CRT TME

Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 62: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)

FOLFOX X 8 Courses

CRT + Cape TME

Pathologic Grade

Total Number Stage II Stage III

38 7 31

0 (Complete) 13 1 12

1 14 4 10

2 8 1 7

3 3 1 2

bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33

Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 63: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Slide 12

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 64: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Near total neoadjuvant therapy

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 65: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 66: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 67: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer

Can we Omit Radiation From NAT

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 68: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

[TITLE]

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 69: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

[TITLE]

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 70: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

The Art for Today

bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is

enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp

Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH

(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed

and considered for high risk patients DFS

Thank You

Page 71: Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer

Thank You


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