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Neoadjuvant Therapy in Rectal Cancer
Mohamed Abdulla MD
Prof of Clinical Oncology
Cairo University
Colorectal Cancer MeetingZagazig 06042017
Member of Advisory Board Consultant and Speaker for
bull Amgen Astellas AstraZeneca Hoffman la Roche Janssen Cilag Merck Serono Novartis Pfizer Mundipharma
bull The content of this presentation does not relate to any product of a commercial interest
Speaker Disclosures
Basic Facts
bull 2nd amp 3rd most common cancer in females amp males
bull 14 million new case and 694000 deaths
bull Males gt Females
bull Lowest rates in Africa amp South Central Asia
bull Low SES 30 increased risk
bull Rising incidence lt 50 years Left sided colon amp rectal symptomatic amp advanced Poor outcome yet better than right sided colon cancer
bull Sporadic gt Hereditary
Siegel RL Miller KD Jemal A Cancer statistics 2016 CA Cancer J Clin 2016 667 Ahnen DJ Wade SW Jones WF et al The increasing incidence of young-onset colorectal cancer a call to action Mayo Clin Proc2014 89216
Principles
Surgery is the cornerstone in management
However
Local Recurrence Following Surgery Alone
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004
Cuthbert Dukes 1932 Nodes as a prognostic factor
Local Recurrence Better Insight
CircumferentialMargins
Number Local Recurrence Rate
P
gt 2 mm 987 33 lt 00001
1 ndash 2 mm 100 85 002
lt 1 mm 227 131 008
Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys Vol 55 No 5 pp 1311ndash1320 2003
CRM or LNs
MURCERY Trial
Fiona et al JCO 20141(32) 34-46
Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer
Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop
Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
LR = 24
Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer
bull GITSG
bull NCCTG
bull NSABP R-01
N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 months
Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months
Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept
N Engl J Med 20043511731-40
Slide 4
Slide 3
Slide 2
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Member of Advisory Board Consultant and Speaker for
bull Amgen Astellas AstraZeneca Hoffman la Roche Janssen Cilag Merck Serono Novartis Pfizer Mundipharma
bull The content of this presentation does not relate to any product of a commercial interest
Speaker Disclosures
Basic Facts
bull 2nd amp 3rd most common cancer in females amp males
bull 14 million new case and 694000 deaths
bull Males gt Females
bull Lowest rates in Africa amp South Central Asia
bull Low SES 30 increased risk
bull Rising incidence lt 50 years Left sided colon amp rectal symptomatic amp advanced Poor outcome yet better than right sided colon cancer
bull Sporadic gt Hereditary
Siegel RL Miller KD Jemal A Cancer statistics 2016 CA Cancer J Clin 2016 667 Ahnen DJ Wade SW Jones WF et al The increasing incidence of young-onset colorectal cancer a call to action Mayo Clin Proc2014 89216
Principles
Surgery is the cornerstone in management
However
Local Recurrence Following Surgery Alone
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004
Cuthbert Dukes 1932 Nodes as a prognostic factor
Local Recurrence Better Insight
CircumferentialMargins
Number Local Recurrence Rate
P
gt 2 mm 987 33 lt 00001
1 ndash 2 mm 100 85 002
lt 1 mm 227 131 008
Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys Vol 55 No 5 pp 1311ndash1320 2003
CRM or LNs
MURCERY Trial
Fiona et al JCO 20141(32) 34-46
Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer
Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop
Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
LR = 24
Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer
bull GITSG
bull NCCTG
bull NSABP R-01
N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 months
Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months
Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept
N Engl J Med 20043511731-40
Slide 4
Slide 3
Slide 2
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Basic Facts
bull 2nd amp 3rd most common cancer in females amp males
bull 14 million new case and 694000 deaths
bull Males gt Females
bull Lowest rates in Africa amp South Central Asia
bull Low SES 30 increased risk
bull Rising incidence lt 50 years Left sided colon amp rectal symptomatic amp advanced Poor outcome yet better than right sided colon cancer
bull Sporadic gt Hereditary
Siegel RL Miller KD Jemal A Cancer statistics 2016 CA Cancer J Clin 2016 667 Ahnen DJ Wade SW Jones WF et al The increasing incidence of young-onset colorectal cancer a call to action Mayo Clin Proc2014 89216
Principles
Surgery is the cornerstone in management
However
Local Recurrence Following Surgery Alone
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004
Cuthbert Dukes 1932 Nodes as a prognostic factor
Local Recurrence Better Insight
CircumferentialMargins
Number Local Recurrence Rate
P
gt 2 mm 987 33 lt 00001
1 ndash 2 mm 100 85 002
lt 1 mm 227 131 008
Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys Vol 55 No 5 pp 1311ndash1320 2003
CRM or LNs
MURCERY Trial
Fiona et al JCO 20141(32) 34-46
Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer
Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop
Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
LR = 24
Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer
bull GITSG
bull NCCTG
bull NSABP R-01
N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 months
Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months
Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept
N Engl J Med 20043511731-40
Slide 4
Slide 3
Slide 2
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Principles
Surgery is the cornerstone in management
However
Local Recurrence Following Surgery Alone
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004
Cuthbert Dukes 1932 Nodes as a prognostic factor
Local Recurrence Better Insight
CircumferentialMargins
Number Local Recurrence Rate
P
gt 2 mm 987 33 lt 00001
1 ndash 2 mm 100 85 002
lt 1 mm 227 131 008
Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys Vol 55 No 5 pp 1311ndash1320 2003
CRM or LNs
MURCERY Trial
Fiona et al JCO 20141(32) 34-46
Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer
Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop
Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
LR = 24
Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer
bull GITSG
bull NCCTG
bull NSABP R-01
N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 months
Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months
Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept
N Engl J Med 20043511731-40
Slide 4
Slide 3
Slide 2
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Local Recurrence Following Surgery Alone
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004
Cuthbert Dukes 1932 Nodes as a prognostic factor
Local Recurrence Better Insight
CircumferentialMargins
Number Local Recurrence Rate
P
gt 2 mm 987 33 lt 00001
1 ndash 2 mm 100 85 002
lt 1 mm 227 131 008
Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys Vol 55 No 5 pp 1311ndash1320 2003
CRM or LNs
MURCERY Trial
Fiona et al JCO 20141(32) 34-46
Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer
Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop
Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
LR = 24
Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer
bull GITSG
bull NCCTG
bull NSABP R-01
N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 months
Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months
Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept
N Engl J Med 20043511731-40
Slide 4
Slide 3
Slide 2
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004
Cuthbert Dukes 1932 Nodes as a prognostic factor
Local Recurrence Better Insight
CircumferentialMargins
Number Local Recurrence Rate
P
gt 2 mm 987 33 lt 00001
1 ndash 2 mm 100 85 002
lt 1 mm 227 131 008
Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys Vol 55 No 5 pp 1311ndash1320 2003
CRM or LNs
MURCERY Trial
Fiona et al JCO 20141(32) 34-46
Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer
Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop
Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
LR = 24
Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer
bull GITSG
bull NCCTG
bull NSABP R-01
N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 months
Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months
Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept
N Engl J Med 20043511731-40
Slide 4
Slide 3
Slide 2
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Cuthbert Dukes 1932 Nodes as a prognostic factor
Local Recurrence Better Insight
CircumferentialMargins
Number Local Recurrence Rate
P
gt 2 mm 987 33 lt 00001
1 ndash 2 mm 100 85 002
lt 1 mm 227 131 008
Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys Vol 55 No 5 pp 1311ndash1320 2003
CRM or LNs
MURCERY Trial
Fiona et al JCO 20141(32) 34-46
Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer
Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop
Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
LR = 24
Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer
bull GITSG
bull NCCTG
bull NSABP R-01
N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 months
Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months
Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept
N Engl J Med 20043511731-40
Slide 4
Slide 3
Slide 2
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Local Recurrence Better Insight
CircumferentialMargins
Number Local Recurrence Rate
P
gt 2 mm 987 33 lt 00001
1 ndash 2 mm 100 85 002
lt 1 mm 227 131 008
Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys Vol 55 No 5 pp 1311ndash1320 2003
CRM or LNs
MURCERY Trial
Fiona et al JCO 20141(32) 34-46
Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer
Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop
Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
LR = 24
Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer
bull GITSG
bull NCCTG
bull NSABP R-01
N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 months
Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months
Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept
N Engl J Med 20043511731-40
Slide 4
Slide 3
Slide 2
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
CRM or LNs
MURCERY Trial
Fiona et al JCO 20141(32) 34-46
Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer
Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop
Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
LR = 24
Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer
bull GITSG
bull NCCTG
bull NSABP R-01
N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 months
Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months
Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept
N Engl J Med 20043511731-40
Slide 4
Slide 3
Slide 2
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
MURCERY Trial
Fiona et al JCO 20141(32) 34-46
Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer
Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop
Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
LR = 24
Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer
bull GITSG
bull NCCTG
bull NSABP R-01
N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 months
Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months
Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept
N Engl J Med 20043511731-40
Slide 4
Slide 3
Slide 2
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Accuracy in staging early rectal cancer
Presented By Julio Garcia-Aguilar at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop
Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
LR = 24
Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer
bull GITSG
bull NCCTG
bull NSABP R-01
N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 months
Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months
Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept
N Engl J Med 20043511731-40
Slide 4
Slide 3
Slide 2
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Limitations of the TNM ndash T3 category forms 80 of rectal cancers
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop
Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
LR = 24
Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer
bull GITSG
bull NCCTG
bull NSABP R-01
N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 months
Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months
Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept
N Engl J Med 20043511731-40
Slide 4
Slide 3
Slide 2
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
bull Removal of peri-rectaltissues involving lateral ampcircumferential margins ofmesorectal envelop
Dis Colon Rectum 2013 May56(5)535-50
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
LR = 24
Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer
bull GITSG
bull NCCTG
bull NSABP R-01
N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 months
Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months
Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept
N Engl J Med 20043511731-40
Slide 4
Slide 3
Slide 2
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME)
Clinical Colorectal Cancer Vol 4 No 4 233-240 2004N Engl J Med 2001345638 ndash 646
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
LR = 24
Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer
bull GITSG
bull NCCTG
bull NSABP R-01
N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 months
Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months
Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept
N Engl J Med 20043511731-40
Slide 4
Slide 3
Slide 2
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Stages II amp III Rectal Cancer
bull GITSG
bull NCCTG
bull NSABP R-01
N Engl J Med 1986 3151294FJ Natl Cancer Inst 1988 8021 N Engl J Med 1991 324709
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 monthsCRT ndash 6 Weeks
Adjuvant Fluoroupyremidine
X 2 months
Adjuvant Therapy = 6 months
Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept
N Engl J Med 20043511731-40
Slide 4
Slide 3
Slide 2
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Neoadjuvant Therapy The German Study A Shifting Concept
N Engl J Med 20043511731-40
Slide 4
Slide 3
Slide 2
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Slide 4
Slide 3
Slide 2
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Slide 3
Slide 2
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Slide 2
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Slide 7
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Slide 9
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Slide 11
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Slide 12
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Radiation + Chemotherapy are MANDATORY in Neoadjuvant Therapy
Gastrointest Cancer Res 149-56 copy2007 by International Society of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Neoadjuvant TherapyThe Use of Capecitabine
The Cancer Journal bull Volume 13 Number 3 MayJune 2007
EQUIVALENT
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
bull ++ Toxicity amp -- Compliancebull Did not improve
1 R0 RR2 pCR3 Sphincter Preservation
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
The PETACC-6 RCTltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
ltbr gtPETACC-6 ltbr gtEarly analysis at 31 months shows no major differences between armsltbr gt
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding Oxaliplatin
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFR Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding VEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Neoadjuvant TherapyAdding EGFRVEGF Inhibition
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 24441ndash447
No Significant Added Benefit over Chemotherapy amp Higher G 3 amp 4
Adverse Events
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Neoadjuvant TherapyIndications
1 T3 ndash T4 Lesions The only definitive indication
2 cT3N0 Should be treated (understaging)
3 Depth of Extramural Invasionndash T3 lesions (gt5 mm) ++ LNs involvement Higher
Cancer Specific Mortality (54 Versus 85)
ndash Selection of high risk T3 for treatment
ndash Approved outside US
4 T1 ndash 2 lesions with Positive Nodes
5 Low situated lesions
6 Invasion of mesorectal fascia
Br J Cancer 2000 821131wwwuptodatecom (September 2015)
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome
Complete Response
cCRpCR
bull 15 ndash 30bull Small amp Less
Advanced Lesionsbull 10 ndash 12 Weeks
bull Involution to flat scarbull DRE amp Endoscopybull Imaging
bull Endorectal USbull PET-CTbull MRI
bull ypT0N0
Martin R et al Surg Oncol Clin N Am 23 (2014) 113ndash125
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Neoadjuvant TherapyTreatment Outcome in Relation to pCR German Study
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Grade Regression Fibrosis
0 No All cells are viable
1 Minor lt 25 fibrosis
2 Moderate 26 ndash 50nFibrosis
3 Good gt50
4 Total No Viable Cells
Neoadjuvant TherapyTumor Regression Grade
Grade 10 ndash year DM
P 10 ndash Year DFS P
0 - 1 3960005
6300082 - 3 293 736
4 105 895
J Clin Oncol 321554-1562 copy 2014
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Neoadjuvant TherapyImpact of Pathological CR
British Journal of Surgery 2012 99 918ndash928
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Can we Avoid Surgery
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Can we Avoid Surgery
JCO VOLUME 29 1113097 NUMBER 35 1113097 DECEMBER 10 2011
21 PatientspCR
Neoadjuvant CRTFor Stages II amp III
Wait amp See
MRI Endoscopy amp Biopsy
Median Follow up =25 months
1 Patient LR Surgery
20 Pts Stages II amp III NAT pCR
Median Follow up =35 months
2 ndash Year DFS 91 2 ndash Year OAS 93
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
The International Watch amp Wait Database (IWWD) for Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Watch amp Wait in Rectal Cancer
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Slide 10
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Slide 11
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Slide 13
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Slide 14
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Slide 15
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Slide 16
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Cause of death
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Take home messages
Presented By Maxime Valk at 2017 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Adjuvant Therapy in Rectal CancerMandatory or Not
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates DFS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on DFS
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
The Cochrane Review Metanalysis Demonstrates OS Adjuvant Treatment Benefit
Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on OAS
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Postop Adjuvant 5FU or FOLFOX for Rectal Cancer The ADORE Trial Randomized Phase II ltbr gt
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
ltbr gtGerman CAOAROAIO-04 Studyltbr gtAdjuvant FOLFOX has better DFS not OS than 5FU after pre-op ChemoRT
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
bull Adjuvant Chemotherapy
bull Oxaliplatin ndash Based
Rectal Cancer
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Modern Adjuvant Chemotherapy Rectal Trials
bull EORTC 22921 (Bosset Lancet Oncology 2014)
bull Italian (Sainato Radiother Oncol 2014)
bull Chronicle (Glynne Jones Ann Oncol 2014)
bull PROCTORSCRIPT (Bregoum Ann Oncol 2014)
Meta-analyses NOT POSITIVE
bull Bregoum (Lancet Oncol 2015)
bull Bujiko (EJSO 2015)
NEG
ATI
VE
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Parameter HR P
OAS 097 0775
DFS 091 0230
Distant Recurrence 094 0523
Problems with Adjuvant Chemotherapybull 4 Major Trials 1198 Patientsbull All received preoperative therapiesbull Overall No Gain even
Parameter HR P
DFS 059 0005
Distant Recurrence 061 0025
bull Rectal Tumors 10 ndash 15 cm above AV
Bregoum et al Lancet Oncol 2015 16 200ndash07
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
bull No one can indicate not to be given
bull To add CRT if not received before and risk of LR is high
bull Only patients with preoperative CRT and low risk of Recurrence can be spared
bull Data are extrapolated from colon cancer Oxaliplatin based therapy
bull Impact of pCR
Adjuvant ChemotherapyPragmatic Conclusions
As Presented by Glimelius in ASCO GI 2016
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Neoadjuvant TherapyProblems with Current PracticeCRT
55 Weeks 6 wksTME
1 ndash 2 weeks4-6 wks Adjuvant Cth
18 weeksbull Delayedbull Reducedbull Omitted
CRT TME Neodjuvant Chemoth
Neodjuvant Chemoth
CRT TME
Adopted from Deborah Schragrsquos Presentation at 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Total Neoadjuvant ParadigmBrown University Study (CONTRE)
FOLFOX X 8 Courses
CRT + Cape TME
Pathologic Grade
Total Number Stage II Stage III
38 7 31
0 (Complete) 13 1 12
1 14 4 10
2 8 1 7
3 3 1 2
bull 35 Pts Completed Treatmentbull pCR = 33
Perez et al ASCO 2014 Abstract 3050
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Slide 12
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Near total neoadjuvant therapy
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Questions Total Neoadjuvant YesNoAdjuvant Cth YesNoLong versus Short Course
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
PROSPECT N1048 is ongoingltbr gtSelective Use of Pelvic XRTltbr gt
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
MSKCC 07-021 Phase II Trial of Selective Radiation for Rectal Cancer
Can we Omit Radiation From NAT
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
[TITLE]
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
[TITLE]
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
The Art for Today
bull Clinical Trial whenever possiblebull Careful assessmentbull Chemosensitization by 5-FU or Capecitabine is
enoughbull Upfront chemotherapy is appealing Total amp
Near Total NAT should be encourgaed pCRbull TME IS THE STANDARD SURGICAL APPROACH
(STAGES II amp III)bull Postoperative chemotherapy should be discussed
and considered for high risk patients DFS
Thank You
Thank You