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Nephrons
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Nephron: Tubular Function
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Each kidney has~1.2 MILLION PER KIDNEY
Functional unit of kidney its microscopic tubules
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Renal corpuscleBowmans or Renal capsuleParietal layer
Visceral layer
Glomerulus
Network of capillaries goes into anothercapillary bed called the peritubularCapillaries
Arterioles
Afferent
Blood to glomerulus
Efferent
Drains not into veinule but anotherarteriole
Tubules
Proximal (convoluted)tubule
Loops of Henle
Descending limb
Ascending limb
Distal (convoluted)tubules
Collecting ducts
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2/Cortical1/Juxta medullary
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composed of:Nephrons
1/Glomerulus2/Tubule
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1/ Glomerulus is a tangled capillary bed.2/ Filters fluid from blood into the Renal
.Tubule
3/ Glomerular Filtration: Fluid movespassively out of Glomerulus
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RENAL CORPUSCLE1/GLOMERULUS PLUS CAPSULE
2/GLOMERULUS ENCLOSED IN TWO-
LAYERED
3/GLOMERULAR CAPSULE
BOWMANS CAPSULE
4/FLUID FILTERS FROM GLOMERULAR
CAPILLARIES
GLOMERULAR FILTRATE
5/FLUID COLLECTS IN CAPSULAR SPACE
6/FLUID FLOWS INTO RENAL TUBULE12
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Blood Supply to the Glomerulus-Afferent ArterioleFeed the Glomerular Capillary Bed
-Efferent ArterioleDrains the Glomerular Capillary Bed13
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Collecting DuctLast part of the collecting tubule in the
Nephron
Glomerularcapsule surrounds theGlomerulus
Funnels filtrate into the Renal TubuleRenal corpuscleName for the Glomerulus and
Glomerular capsule collectively15
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1/Renal Tubule is a long tubeProcesses the filtrate from the Glomerulus.2/Tubular Reabsorption: Reabsorbs usefulsubstances .3/Tubular Secretion: Move wastes towards
elimination.
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The Renal Tubule consists of:
1/Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)2/Loop of Henle (Nephron Loop)
3/Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
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PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE (PCT)
1/ARISES FROM GLOMERULAR CAPSULE
2/LONGEST, MOST COILED REGION
3/PROMINENT MICROVILLI
((( (((FUNCTION IN ABSORPTION
4/MUCH CONTACT WITH PERITUBULAR
CAPILLARIES
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The Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
The mechanisms: by which the electrolytes are recovered(reabsorbed) to the blood, most of it, is not under hormonal
control, and referred to as obligatoryrecovery done by :
Passive transport (diffusion or swept along with the water
absorbed by osmosis).
Carrier-mediated transport.
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The PCT initiates the 2nd. Step in the formation of
urine by recovery of constituents of the filtrate that must
be retained within the body:
Nutrients (glucose and amino acids)Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride etc)
Hydrogen carbonate
Water.
The Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
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Reabsorption in Proximal Nephron
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1/PCT EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES
2/ROUTES OF REABSORPTION-----TRANSCELLULAR
1-THROUGH EPITHELIAL CELLS OF PCT
-----PARACELLULAR1-BETWEEN EPITHELIAL CELLS OF PCT
2-LEAKY TIGHT JUNCTIONS
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NEPHRON LOOP (LOOP OF HENLE)
1/U SHAPED, DISTAL TO PCT2/DESCENDING AND ASCENDING LIMBS
3/THICK SEGMENTS -ACTIVE TRANSPORT OF SALTS -HIGH METABOLISM, MANY>>>MITOCHONDRIA
4/THIN SEGMENTS -PERMEABLE TO WATER
-LOW METABOLISM
Renal Tubule
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Reabsorption in Loop of Henle
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DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE (DCT)
COILED, DISTAL TO NEPHRON LOOPSHORTER THAN PCTLESS COILED THAN PCT
VERY FEW MICROVILLICONTACTS AFFERENT AND EFFERENT
ARTERIOLES (REGULATION IMPARTED)CONTACT WITH PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES
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COLLECTING DUCT
DCTs OF SEVERAL NEPHRONS EMPTY
INTO A COLLECTING DUCT
PASSES INTO MEDULLA
SEVERAL MERGE INTO PAPILLARYDUCT (~30 PER PAPILLA)
DRAIN INTO MINOR CALYX
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End of Distal Convoluted Tubule, DCT(composition in lumen of the DCT)
Albumin( 0.2 g/L) 0.0
Glucose (5 g/L) 0.0 (reabsorbed)
Amino acids (2 g/L) 0.0 (reabsorbed)
Sodium (135 mmol/L) 40-135Potassium (4 mmol/L) 4-40
Chloride (115 mmol/L) 35-135
Hydrogen carbonate (25mmol/L) 1-10
Osmotic pressure = 80-300 mOsmol/kgH2O)=
flow rate 5-10 ml/min.
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Kidney Dialysis
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