Nervous SystemNervous System

Lesson 7 VocabLesson 7 Vocabneuronsneurons – nerve cells, which – nerve cells, which make up your nervous systemmake up your nervous systemcerebrum cerebrum – the largest part of – the largest part of the brain; where most of your the brain; where most of your thinking takes placethinking takes placecerebellumcerebellum – the part of the – the part of the brain that makes your brain that makes your muscles work together; muscles work together; controls most movements that controls most movements that you do without thinkingyou do without thinkinghemisphereshemispheres – two halves of a – two halves of a sphere, or ball-shaped object, sphere, or ball-shaped object, such as the brainsuch as the brain

brain brain – the major organ in the nervous – the major organ in the nervous systemsystemspinal cord spinal cord – an organ that carries – an organ that carries messages to and from the brainmessages to and from the brainnerve nerve – is a bundle of cells that – is a bundle of cells that conducts messages from one part of conducts messages from one part of the body to anotherthe body to anotherreflex reflex – an automatic response to – an automatic response to stimulistimuli

Nervous SystemNervous System1. The nervous system 1. The nervous system controls controls all the all the systemssystems in your body in your body2. What do your nerve cells and nerves 2. What do your nerve cells and nerves do?do?

– a. Cells of your nervous system are called a. Cells of your nervous system are called nerve cells, or nerve cells, or neuronsneurons

i. Neurons have long branches that come out both i. Neurons have long branches that come out both endsendsii. They are long and thinii. They are long and thiniii. Bundles of neurons make iii. Bundles of neurons make up nervesup nerves

– b. nerves receive and send messagesb. nerves receive and send messages– c. some carry messages to the brain to c. some carry messages to the brain to

let it know what is happening in and let it know what is happening in and around your body – around your body – sensory nervessensory nerves

– d. others carry messages from the d. others carry messages from the brain to muscles, telling muscles what brain to muscles, telling muscles what to do – to do – motor nervesmotor nerves

How Does your Brain WorkHow Does your Brain Work– a. The brain is the “a. The brain is the “control centercontrol center” of the ” of the

bodybody– b. Always receiving messages and sorts b. Always receiving messages and sorts

them out looking for meaning, then tells them out looking for meaning, then tells the body what to dothe body what to do

c. 3 main partsc. 3 main partsi. Cerebrumi. Cerebrum – largest part, where most – largest part, where most thinking takes place, solves problems, thinking takes place, solves problems, forms emotions (feelings), makes forms emotions (feelings), makes decisions, and controls how you learn, decisions, and controls how you learn, receives and answers messages from receives and answers messages from sensessenses– 1. divided into 2 halves called 1. divided into 2 halves called hemisphereshemispheres, each , each

side responsible for different tasksside responsible for different tasks– 2. 2 halves connected by the 2. 2 halves connected by the corpus callosumcorpus callosum – 3. right side deals with imagination and the arts3. right side deals with imagination and the arts– 4. left side deals with words and facts, math 4. left side deals with words and facts, math – 5. both are always working 5. both are always working togethertogether

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A concussion is a brain injury which occurs when the head takes a sudden blow, banging the brain against the side of the skull. Concussions range from mild (no loss of consciousness) to severe (loss of consciousness). Patients typically suffer headaches, nausea and dizziness in the short run and some develop enduring headaches, dizziness and confusion for months.Athletes at Central Dauphin East have to take an Impact test to give a baseline for how their brains function prior to a concussion. If they hit their head playing sports and can’t pass the same test, they have to get treatment for concussion.

ii. Cerebellumii. Cerebellum – the part of the brain that makes – the part of the brain that makes muscles work together, helps move and keep muscles work together, helps move and keep balance, cerebellum directs most movement balance, cerebellum directs most movement without you thinking about it without you thinking about it

iii. Brain stemiii. Brain stem – lowest part of the brain, – lowest part of the brain, messages moving between brain and the rest of messages moving between brain and the rest of the body pass through the brain stemthe body pass through the brain stem– 1. medulla oblongata1. medulla oblongata takes care of critical life functions takes care of critical life functions

– breathing, heartbeat, swallowing, blood vessels, – breathing, heartbeat, swallowing, blood vessels, controls inner organscontrols inner organs

4. What is the job of 4. What is the job of your spinal cord?your spinal cord?

– a. Starts at the a. Starts at the basebase of of the brain, main path for the brain, main path for messages entering and messages entering and leaving the brainleaving the brain

– b. Surround and protects b. Surround and protects spinal cord connecting spinal cord connecting nerves to brainnerves to brain

– c. Sudden actions that c. Sudden actions that are done without are done without thinking are thinking are reflexesreflexes

Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System

Nerves connect all parts of the body Nerves connect all parts of the body to the Central Nervous System (the to the Central Nervous System (the brain and spinal cord)brain and spinal cord)

Nerves serve as a means of Nerves serve as a means of communication between the Central communication between the Central Nervous System and the body Nervous System and the body

Common Problems of the Common Problems of the Nervous SystemNervous System

Meningitis – an infection of the protective Meningitis – an infection of the protective coverings of the brain and spinal cord caused by coverings of the brain and spinal cord caused by bacteria or a virus… bacteria is treated by bacteria or a virus… bacteria is treated by antibiotics and there is a vaccine. The viral form antibiotics and there is a vaccine. The viral form is most common and milder… the West Nile Virus is most common and milder… the West Nile Virus is one! No vaccine, just avoid mosquito bites if is one! No vaccine, just avoid mosquito bites if you can!you can!Rabies – viral infection of the brain… passed by Rabies – viral infection of the brain… passed by the bite of an infected animal – avoid animals the bite of an infected animal – avoid animals acting strangely and get immediate medical acting strangely and get immediate medical attention if bittenattention if bitten

Concussion – an injury to the Concussion – an injury to the brain caused by a blow to the brain caused by a blow to the head – may cause loss of head – may cause loss of memory or consciousness… can memory or consciousness… can be prevented by wearing be prevented by wearing protective headgearprotective headgearStroke – the death of brain Stroke – the death of brain tissue due to a lack of blood to tissue due to a lack of blood to the brain – requires immediate the brain – requires immediate medical attention and medical attention and hospitalizationhospitalizationParalysis – partial or total loss of Paralysis – partial or total loss of the ability to use muscles the ability to use muscles usually caused by damage to usually caused by damage to the brain or spinal cord – may the brain or spinal cord – may be permanentbe permanent

Epilepsy – a disorder of the nerves Epilepsy – a disorder of the nerves and brain that is characterized by and brain that is characterized by uncontrollable muscle activity uncontrollable muscle activity (seizures)… treated with medication(seizures)… treated with medication

Cerebral Palsy – poor muscle control Cerebral Palsy – poor muscle control caused by damage to the brain, often caused by damage to the brain, often at birth … no cure or prevention but at birth … no cure or prevention but may be helped by physical therapymay be helped by physical therapy

Review lesson 7Review lesson 7Review – Lesson 7 Review – Lesson 7 1. What does your nervous system 1. What does your nervous system do?do?2. How are sensory and motor nerves 2. How are sensory and motor nerves different?different?3. What are the jobs of the 3. What are the jobs of the cerebrum?cerebrum?4. How are the hemispheres of your 4. How are the hemispheres of your brain able to exchange nerve brain able to exchange nerve messages?messages?