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NERVOUS SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEM
Karen LancourKaren Lancour Patty PalmiettoPatty PalmiettoNational Bio Rules National Bio Rules National Event National EventCommittee Chairman Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P Supervisor – A&P
Divisions of the Nervous Divisions of the Nervous SystemSystem
Brain Brain
&&
Spine Spine
Rest Rest of of BodBody y
NeuronNeuron
Basic functional cell of nervous system
Transmits impulses Three types
Sensory neurons – bring messages to CNS Motor neurons - carry messages from CNS Interneurons – between sensory & motor
neurons in the CNS
NeuronNeuron
Dendrite – receive stimulus and carries it impulses carries it impulses toward the cell bodytoward the cell body
Cell Body with nucleus – nucleus & most of cytoplasm Axon – fiber which carries impulses away from cell carries impulses away from cell
bodybody Schwann Cells- cells which produce myelin or fat layer Myelin sheath – lipid layer around the axon Node of Ranvier – gaps or nodes in the myelin sheath Impulses travel from dendrite to cell body to axondendrite to cell body to axon
ImpulsesImpulses
Impulse Self propagating Mechanism – Na+
K+ pump Synapse
Junction between neurons
Neurotransmitters
SynapsSynapse e
Junction between neuronsJunction between neuronsThe neurons do not actually tough at the The neurons do not actually tough at the synapse synapse Neurotransmitters used to restart impulse Neurotransmitters used to restart impulse in dendrite of 2in dendrite of 2ndnd neuron neuron
NeurotransmittersNeurotransmitters
Chemicals in Chemicals in the junction the junction which allow which allow impulses to impulses to be started in be started in the second the second neuron neuron
Central Nervous Central Nervous SystemSystem
Brain Brain stem –
medulla, pons, midbrain
Diencephalon – thalamus & hypothalamus
Cerebellem Cerebrum
Spine Spinal Cord
Cerebrum Regions Cerebrum Regions
Lobes of the Cerebrum Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital
Special regions Broca’s area Wernicke’s area Limbic System
Peripheral Peripheral Nervous Nervous System System
Cranial nervesCranial nerves 12 pair 12 pair Attached to Attached to
undersurface of undersurface of brainbrain
Spinal nervesSpinal nerves 31 pair31 pair Attached to spinal Attached to spinal
cordcord
Autonomic Nervous Autonomic Nervous System System
Regulates bodies involuntary Regulates bodies involuntary responsesresponses
Two divisionsTwo divisions Sympathetic nervous systemSympathetic nervous system
Emergency responseEmergency response Fight or flight Fight or flight
Parasympathetic nervous systemParasympathetic nervous system Normal everyday conditions Normal everyday conditions
Major Sense OrgansMajor Sense Organs
Vision – Eye Hearing – Ear Taste – Taste receptors (new) Smell – Olfactory system Skin – Hot, cold, pressure, pain
ImagesImages
the cornea and the lens help to produce the image on the the cornea and the lens help to produce the image on the retina retina images formed by the lens are upside down and images formed by the lens are upside down and backwards whenbackwards when they reach the retinathey reach the retina
Olfactory ReceptorsOlfactory Receptors
Chemical Receptors Top of nasal cavity Extremely sensitive Easily fatigued Much of “taste” involves smell
Disorders of the Disorders of the Nervous SystemNervous System
Epilepsy, Epilepsy, Seizures, Seizures, Alzheimer’s DiseaseAlzheimer’s Disease Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis Parkinson’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, Shingles (herpes zoster), Shingles (herpes zoster), Cerebral palsy, Cerebral palsy, Glaucoma, Glaucoma, Pink eye (conjunctivitis)Pink eye (conjunctivitis) Symptoms of disordersSymptoms of disorders Treatments and prevention Treatments and prevention