Nervous System
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGdlpaWi3rc
http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/brain-games/?gclid=CMLusMPhpMsCFUiGfgodraYKFg&gclsrc=aw.ds
The Teen brain
Word parts:
•Using the packets fill in your Word parts chart
Nervous vocab Breakdown
• Using your word part chart break down these words:
• Cerebellum
• Cerebrospinal fluid
• Interneurons
• Intracranial
• Myelography
• Polyneuritis
Nervous vocab corrections• Afferent - sensory
• Autonomic Nervous System - involuntary nerves
• Brainstem: maintains the heart beat, respiration and BP
• Cerebellum: directs coordination, muscle tone, equilibrium
• Cerebrum: largest area of the brain
• Cerebral Spinal Fluid - fluid contained in the brain’s ventricles, intracranial spaces, and central canal of the spinal cord
• Dementia: Organic loss of intellectual function
• Diencephalon: contains the hypothalamus and the thalamus. Regulates and coordinates the activity o the ANS, controls hormone secretion and appetite
• Efferent - motor neurons
• Epilepsy: transient disturbances of brain function
• Impulse; sudden pushing force
• Intracranial: situated within the cranium
• Interneurons - connecting nerves that carry messages from afferent nerves to efferent nerves
• Ischemia - insufficient blood to a body part caused by functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel
• Meninges: three membranes that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord
• Myelography: radiographs of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium
• Neurotransmitter - chemical messenger, released from the axon of one neuron, that travels to another nearby neuron
• Neuron: highly specialized basic element of nervous system
• Polarity: specialization of a nerve cell determining the flow of impulses
• Polyneuritis: inflammation of many nerves at once
• Paralysis - a loss of movement and sensation in a part of the body
• Reflex - an involuntary action in response to a stimulus
ADD TO LIST AT BOTTOM:
• Somatic Nervous System - voluntary nerves
• Stimulus - any substance or action that produces a response
• Synapse - space between two neurons
Vocab review
•Row review:
Brain games:
• Reflexes!
• In LAB groups
Intro to Cranial Nerves
# Name Function
I Olfactory Smell
II Optic vision
III Oculomotor Move eyes, focus, pupil size
Bell Ringer
•Right foot makes a clockwise circle in the air at the same time draw a 6 in the air with your finger.
• Can you do it?
Intro to Cranial Nerves# Name Function
I Olfactory Smell
II Optic Vision
III Oculomotor Move eyes,focus, pupil size
IV Trochlear Rotate eyes
V Trigeminal Facial and head sensation
VI Abducens Move eyeslaterally
VII Facial Controls facial expression, taste
Brain reading Guiding Questions
1. How many impulses per second can a nerve send? (1st page)
2. A nerve cell can be described as a spider. Look at the picture, what else does it look like?
3. (2nd pg, 2nd paragraph) The 12 million nerve cells are described as a highway that are all connected. What child hood game could you relate this to?
4. What is a funny bone???
5. What part of your brain makes logical thought (don’t punch that kid)
6. Define reflex: think of this morning, did a reflex bypass occur?
7. Talk and give examples of the 3 types of memory
8. Look at the last paragraph (Amazing facts) Which one is your favorite. Can you add to them?
Video: teenage brain: Sci Show• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhzeIMBCO_k
Neuron Anatomy
Nervous System Outline
Health Occupations
Nervous System Functions• Directs the functions of all human body systems
• 100 Billion Nerve cells
• Carry messages from brain to rest of body
Neurons
• The basic element of nervous system
• Highly specialized
• Vary in function, shape, and size
• Separated by synapses• Gaps in between each neuron
• Neurotransmitters• Stimulates impulse to jump to next nerve
Neurons • 3 Parts
• Cell Body• Have fibers to reach out to send or
receive impulses
• Dendrites• Thin branching extensions of cell body
• Conduct nerve impulses to cell body
• Axon• Conducts nerve impulses away from cell body
• Covered by a myelin sheath• Fatty tissue that makes impulse travel faster
• End of axon has fibers that let the impulse leave the nerve
Neurons• 2 Basic Properties
• Excitability• Ability to respond to a stimulus
• Conductivity• Ability to transmit a signal
Video: Neuron Anatomy/Function
Neurons
• 3 Types• Efferent (motor)
• Carry information to muscles and glands from CNS
• Afferent (sensory)• Carry information from sensory system to CNS
• Interneurons• Carry and process sensory information
Neuroglias
• Support, connect, protect, and remove debris
• Do not transmit impulses
• Form blood-brain barrier• Permits some chemical substances to
reach the brain’s neurons but blocks most others
Neuroglia video
Brain games:
• #’s 4,5,8
• In LAB groups
Intro to Cranial Nerves# Name Function
I Olfactory Smell
II Optic Vision
III Oculomotor Move eyes, focus, pupil size
IV Trochlear Rotate eyes
V Trigeminal Facial and head sensation
VII Fascial Controls facial expressions, taste
VIII Acoustic Hearing and balance
IX glossopharyngeal Taste and swallowing
X vagus Speech and swallowing
Brain anatomy
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
7
Midbrain
1112
Central Nervous System (CNS)
•Consists of:•Brain• Spinal cord
•Center of Control
CNS Functions
•Receives and interprets all stimuli
• Sends nerve impulses to instruct muscles and glands to take over or respond to certain actions
•Causes Voluntary and Involuntary actions
Brain Divisions
•Brainstem
•Cerebellum
•Cerebrum
•Diencephalon
Brain Stem• Midbrain
• Visual and auditory reflexes
• Pons• Controls certain respiratory functions
(breathing)
• Medulla Oblongata• Regulates heart & lung functions (BP and
Respiration)• Swallowing• Vomiting• Coughing• sneezing
Cerebellum
•Coordinates voluntary musculoskeletal movement•Maintains balance•Posture•Muscle tone
Cerebrum• 2 hemispheres
• Left and Right• Cerebral Cortex
• Conscious decision making• Four Lobes
• Frontal• Moral Behavior, voluntary motor movements,
personality, memory, reasoning, emotion• Parietal
• Controls and interprets senses and taste, understanding speech, choosing words
• Temporal• Memory, equilibrium, emotion, hearing,
memory of music and visual scenes• Occipital
• Vision, interpretation
Diencephalon• Deep portion of brain
• Contains: • Thalamus
• Hypothalamus
• Relay center for sensations
• Controls: • Heart rate
• Blood pressure
• Temperature regulation
• Water and electrolyte balance
• Digestive functions
• Glandular activities
REVIEW!
• Functions of neuron and all parts of the brain
Brain Puzzle
• In lab groups:• Put together puzzle and labeling
cards
• Can correct with Nervous packet once I have said you may.
• Answers slide 84
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
• Fills the area between the brain and cranium
•Watery fluid that contains various compound
•Cradles and cushions brain
Spinal Cord
• Extends from base of brain to first lumbar vertebrae in back
• Protected by: • Cerebrospinal fluid• Vertebral column• Meninges
• 3 layers of membranes that cover brain and spinal cord
Meninges
• Dura Mater (outer layer)• Tough, fibrous• Contains channels for blood to enter brain
tissue
• Arachnoid Mater (middle layer)• Web-like structure
• Pia Mater (innermost layer)• Contains blood vessels that nourish spinal
cord
Video: Sensory and motor/CNS
Peripheral Nervous System
•12 Cranial Nerves•Carry impulses to and
from the brain
•31 pairs of spinal nerves•Carry messages to and
from the spinal cord and the torso and extremities of the body
Peripheral Nervous System
• 2 Subsystems according to function• Somatic Nervous System• Autonomic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
•Receive and process sensory input from the skin, muscles, tendons, joints, eyes, tongue, nose and ears
• Excite voluntary contraction of skeletal muscles
Autonomic Nervous System
•Carry impulses from the central nervous system to glands, various involuntary muscles, cardiac muscle, and membranes
• Stimulates organs, glands and senses by stimulating secretions of substances
•Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
Autonomic Nervous System• Sympathetic
• Operates when the body is under stress
• Activates responses necessary to react in dangerous or abnormal situations
• Fight or Flight response
• Parasympathetic• Operates to keep the body in
homeostasis under normal conditions
The End
Brain games:
• #’s
• In LAB groups
Cranial nerves: Concussion skit
• http://www.nbc.com/saturday-night-live/video/football-halftime-speech/2828559
Cranial Nerves
Health Occ
Cranial Nerve I
•Nerve•Olfactory
• Function• Smell
• Test•Have them smell
something
Cranial Nerve II• Nerve
• Optic
• Function• Vision
• Test• See the scoreboard? • How many fingers
am I holding up?
Cranial Nerve III
• Nerve• Occulomotor
• Function• Move eyes, focus, pupil
size
• Test• Use penlight for pupil
reaction• Look at shape of pupil
Cranial Nerve IV
• Nerve• Trochlear
• Function• Rotate Eyes
• Test• Follow finger
Cranial Nerve V
•Nerve• Trigeminal
• Function• Facial and Head
Sensation
• Test• Touch Face
Cranial Nerve VI
• Nerve• Abducens
• Function• Move eyes laterally
• Test• Follow finger from left to
right
Cranial Nerve VII
• Nerve• Facial
• Function• Controls facial
expressions, taste
• Test• Make a funny face
Cranial Nerve VIII
• Nerve• Acoustic
• Function• Hearing and
Balance
• Test• Snap Fingers,
balance
Cranial Nerves IX• Nerve
• Glossopharyngeal
• Function• Taste and
Swallowing
• Test• Have them taste
something
Cranial Nerve X
• Nerve• Vagus
• Function• Speech and
swallowing
• Test• swallow
Cranial Nerve XI•Nerve• Spinal Accessory
• Function•Move neck and
back muscles• Test•Resist shoulder
shrug
Cranial Nerve XII
• Nerve• Hypoglossal
• Function• Tongue movement
• Test• Stick out tongue
Acronym
• On Old Olympus Towering Tops A Fin And Greek ViewedSome Hops
• Can you think of one?
Nervous System Health Concerns
The man from Poland was doing some DIY in the garden when he slipped and fell face first onto his Phillips screwdriver. He fell with such force the tool was wedged 5cm into his forehead, narrowly missing his brain. Detecting a strange object near his eye, the man - who has chosen not to reveal his identity - took a look in his car mirror when he noticed the screwdriver lodged in his head.
Alzheimer’s Disease
• Etiology• Progressive degeneration of neurons in brain
• S/S• Deterioration in mental capacity
• Loss of memory, inability to use familiar objects, and understand outside stimuli
• Treatment• No cure
• Keep brain active to help prevent it
CVA• Etiology
• Strokes that affect the neurological system.
• Caused by loss of oxygen
• S/S
• Mental of physical dysfunction
• TX:
• Recover or cope, OT, learn how to walk again. . .
DOWN SYNDROME
• Etiology
• Mental retardation. Genetic disorder caused by presence of an extra chromosome
• S/S
• Short stature, short neck, broad hands, stubby fingers and toes, mental retardation
• TX:
• No cure
Encephalitis
• Etiology• Inflammation of the brain from a viral infection,
or spread of infection to brain
• Infection from measles, mumps, or chickenpox, herpes (type 1)
• S/S• Fever, headache, seizures, weakness, visual
disturbances, vomiting, stiff neck and back, disorientation
• Treatment• Antiviral medications to prevent death
Meningitis
• Etiology• Inflammation of the meninges• Bacterial, or viral
• S/S• Fever, headache, stiff neck
• Treatment• Antibiotics• Medications for symptoms
Parkinson’s Disease
• Etiology• Degeneration of nerves in the brain
• S/S• Tremors, weakness of muscles, difficulty
walking
• Treatment• Drugs that increase levels of dopamine
to help relieve symptoms
• No cure
sciatica
• Eti: • Constant pain radiating from the back and
buttocks to the leg caused by interverebraldisc damage
• S/S: • Pain down the leg and butt
• Tx:• Stretching, controlling the pain
Spina Bifida
• Etiology• A defect in the spinal cord in which the
cord and/or its covering protrude outside the vertebrae
• congenital
• S/S• Protrusion outside the skin
• Varying degrees of paralysis, lack of feeling and movement below protrusion
• Treatment• surgery
Concussion
• Etiology• Injury to the brain caused by impact (but
not always)
• S/S• Headache, noise and light sensitivity,
dizziness, nystagmus
• Treatment• No activity until symptom free for 24
hours• Stress test and re-evaluation by Health
care professional
Hydrocephalus
• Etiology• An overproduction of CSF in the brain
• Congenital, or result of infection or tumor
• S/S• Headache, swelling
• Treatment• Drain the fluid through the use of a
shunt
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
• Etiology• Destruction of the myelin sheath
• S/S• Muscle weakness, unsteady walking,
parasthesia (tingling), extreme fatigue, paralysis
• Treatment• No cure
• Medication to help slow and reduce symptoms
Cerebral Palsy
• Etiology• Cerebral damage during gestation or
birth
• S/S• Lack of motor coordination,
and other neurological
deficiencies
• Treatment• No cure
Epilepsy
• Etiology• Abnormal conditions in the brain cause sudden
excessive electrical activity
• S/S• Chronic, recurrent seizure activity
• Petit Mal = momentary disorientation
• Grand Mal = convulsions, twitching of limbs, loss of consciousness
• Treatment• Anti-seizure
medication
Tourette’s Syndrome
• Etiology• Neurological dysfunction
• S/S• Uncontrollable sounds
and twitches
• Treatment• Drugs to control
symptoms
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Lou Gehrig’s Disease
• Etiology• Degenerative disease of the motor neurons
• S/S• Loss of muscle control
• Death
• Treatment• Medications to relieve symptoms and complications, maintain
muscle functions and movement, and delay paralysis and disability for as long as possible.
Hemiplegia• Etiology
• Paralysis on one side of the body
• Usually due to a stroke
• S/S• Unable to move one side or feel heat, cold,
pressure, pain
• Drooping eyelid or side of face
• Treatment• No cure
Paraplegia
• Etiology• Paralysis from the waist down
caused by accident/injury
• S/S• Inability to move or feel distal to the
injury sight
• Inability to control urine and bowel functions
• Treatment• No cure
Quadriplegia• Etiology
• Paralysis from the neck down
• Injury to the 4th cervical vertebrae
• S/S• Inability to move or feel distal to the
injury
• Prone to respiratory and urinary tract infections
• Treatment• No cure
FRONTAL:- PERSONALITY,
BEHAVIOR- MEMORY- REASONING, EMOTION
MOTOR:- CONTROLS MOVEMENT
SENSORY:- SENSATIONS OF HEAT AND PAIN
PARIETAL:- UNDERSTANDING
SPEECH- CHOOSING WORDS
OCCIPITAL:- VISION AND INTERPRETATION
CEREBELLUM:- COORDINATION
OF VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT
- BALANCE
PONS: - BREATHING
MEDULLA: - INVOLUNTARY
MOVEMENTS- HEARTBEAT- BP- RESPIRATION- SWALLOWING
MIDBRAIN:- VISUAL AND AUDITORY
TEMPORAL:- HEARING AND
UNDERSTANDING SPEECH
- MEMORY OF MUSIC, VISUAL SCENES
Practice quizzes
A. Frontal Lobe
B. Motor
C. Sensory
D. Parietal lobe
E. Occipital lobe
F. Cerebellum
G. Pons
H. Medulla
I. Midbrain
J. Cerebrum
K. Temporal lobe
1. understanding speech
2. breathing
3. personality, behavior
4. involuntary movements
5. vision and interpretation
6. reasoning and emotion
7. balance
8. respiration
9. heart beat
10. largest section
11. swallowing
12. memory
13. choosing words
14. BP
15. visual and auditory
16. memory of music, visual scenes
17. hearing and understanding speech
18. sensations of heat and pain
Nervous System Compare & Contrast
Health Occ
Own your own piece of paper, make a table that looks like the one below.
CNS PNS
Sympathetic Parasympathetic
Sections of the Brain
Cerebrum Diencephalon
Cerebellum Brain Stem
Sensory Cortex Motor Cortex
Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe Occipital Lobe
Pons Medulla
Mid Brain
Put the following information into the appropriate section of the table.
• Contains the pons, medulla, and the midbrain
• Maintains heartbeat, respiration, and blood pressure
• Controls movement
• Consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
• Hearing and understanding speech and printed words
• Memory of music and visual scenes
• Contains the hypothalamus and the thalamus
• Stimulated in situations that require action; fight or flight reaction
• Control of involuntary movements
• Heartbeat, blood pressure
• Respirations, and swallowing
• Sensations of heat and pain
• Functions as the coordinator of the bodysfull nervous system, contains nerves that control connections between impulses coming to and from brain and rest of the body
• Coordination of voluntary movement, balance
• Functions in response to normal, everyday situations
• Personality, behavior
• Memory, reasoning, emotion
• Breathing, relaying impulses between cerebellum and medulla
• Largest area and is divided into 2 hemispheres
• Vision and its interpretation
• Visual and auditory reflex
• Understanding speech, choosing words
Nervous system break down
On your desk/paper make your web:
Neuron CNS PNS
3 types
3 structures
functions
divisions
Using the following word banks fill in your web
• SNS
• Cell body
• Afferent
• Interprets all stimuli
• Brainstem
• Sympathetic system
• ANS
• Axon
• Cerebrum
• Has voluntary and involuntary actions
• Diencephalon
• Dendrites
• Efferent
• Parasympathetic system
• Sends impulses to muscles and glands
• Interneurons
• cerebellum
Neuron CNS PNS
Break down the 4 divisions of the cerebrum:• Midbrain
• Occipital
• thalamus
• Pons
• frontal
• Medulla oblongata
• Temporal
• hypothalamus
• parietal