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Nervous Tissue
Two main cell types
Neurons
Support cells (neuroglial cells)
Neuroglia (Glia or Supporting Cells)
Function: Support and protect the neurons
Astrocytes
Neuroglia
Function: Destroy bacteria through phagocytosis
Microglia
Neuroglia
Oligodendrocytes
Function: Produce lipid covering called myelin sheath
Neuroglia
Function: Produce lipid covering called myelin sheath
Schwann Cells & Satellite Cells
Neuroglia: Structure
Neurons (Nerve Cells)
The human body contains billions of neurons.
Neurons are the basic structural units of the nervous system.
Neurons: Function
Conduct electrical impulses along the plasma membrane.
Neurons: Special Characteristics
•Longevity
•Do not divide
•High metabolic rate
Structure of a Typical Large Neuron
Synaptic Terminals (Synaptic Bulbs)
Myelin Sheaths and Nodes of Ranvier
Two Neurons Communicating at a Synapse
Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine
• Controls muscle contractions
Neurotransmitters: Norepinephrine
• Increases heart rate
Neurotransmitters: Dopamine
• Associated with “pleasure” system of the brain
Neurotransmitters: GABA
• Major inhibitory neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitters: Serotonin
• Involved in inducing sleep, temperature regulation, and control of mood
Neuron Function (Action Potentials)