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CO2-CH4 Exchange Field TrialNorth Slope, Alaska
Kickoff MeetingJanuary 22, 2009
National Energy Technologies LaboratoryMorgantown, West Virginia
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Agenda
Introductions & ConocoPhillips Overview Helen Farrell 10min
Award Status Robert Miller 15min
Experimental basis for CO2-CH4 exchange James Howard 20min
Field Trial Overview & Status of Initial Deliverables David Schoderbek 10min
Subtask 2.7: Pioneer #1 Logging While Drilling David Schoderbek 10min
Site Selection status & Project Timeline David Schoderbek 15min
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Agenda
Introductions & ConocoPhillips Overview Helen Farrell 10min
Award Status Robert Miller 15min
Experimental basis for CO2-CH4 exchange James Howard 20min
Field Trial Overview & Status of Initial Deliverables David Schoderbek 10min
Subtask 2.7: Pioneer #1 Logging While Drilling David Schoderbek 10min
Site Selection status & Project Timeline David Schoderbek 15min
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ConocoPhillips
Commercial Services
Project Development
Chairman & CEOJ.J. (Jim) Mulva
Health Safety and Environment
President & COO.
Refining, Marketing and Transportation
Exploration and Production Planning & Strategy Legal
Human ResourcesGovernment & Public Affairs
TechnologyFinance
As of 1/January/2009
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The Role of Technology
Improve recovery for conventional resources
Unlock value in alternative & non-conventional resources
Increase energy efficiency
Reduce environmental footprint & anticipate new fuel
requirements
Future innovationsNano, Bio, Catalysis
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Technology Organization
SVP, TechnologyS. R. (Stephen) Brand
Subsurface Technology Non-ConventionalResources Biofuels
Finance TechnologyPlanning & Strategy Human Resources
Research & Development
Abu DhabiTechnology Center
DohaWater Sustainability
Center
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Non-Conventional Resources Organization
Non-ConventionalResources
Heavy Oil Technology
CarbonConversion
HarshEnvironment
Non-ConventionalGas
ShaleOil
Integration and Optimization
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Methane Hydrate Team
David SchoderbekTeam Lead
Laboratory Experimental
WorkJames Howard
Jim Stevens
Reservoir ModelingSuntichai
SilpngarmlertBrad Gale
Site identificationBob Lankston(Contractor)
Operations Support
HSE/Permitting/ Land
Alaska BU
Completion & Drilling
Alaska BU
Project Management and DOE Reporting
Bob Miller
University of Bergen
Helen FarrellManager
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2003 2006 2009 2012 2015
Collaboration with University of BergenReservoir Mechanics MRI Experiments
Exchange rate, efficiencyPermeabilityLong term CO2 hydrate stability
Exchange Technology Development
Intellectual PropertyCO2 exchange patent filedPatent granted
Model DevelopmentKinetic modeling of molecular processes (University of Bergen)Basic economic modelingMechanistic modelingFull field modeling
Field Trials
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Agenda
Introductions & ConocoPhillips Overview Helen Farrell 10min
Award Status Robert Miller 15min
Experimental basis for CO2-CH4 exchange James Howard 20min
Field Trial Overview & Status of Initial Deliverables David Schoderbek 10min
Subtask 2.7: Pioneer #1 Logging While Drilling David Schoderbek 10min
Site Selection status & Project Timeline David Schoderbek 15min
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Award Status
2008 Activity:
Current Status:
Description Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Proposal SubmittedNotification of AwardRevisions RequestedRevisions SubmittedNotice of Financial Asst. Award First Contact from DCAALimited Rights Draft SubmittedDCAA Visit to COPProject Management Plan CompletePetition for Advance Waiver SubmittedDCAA Audit Complete
Await NETL Proposal(s) to Resolve Conditional Status
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Agenda
Introductions & ConocoPhillips Overview Helen Farrell 10min
Award Status Robert Miller 15min
Experimental basis for CO2-CH4 exchange James Howard 20min
Field Trial Overview & Status of Initial Deliverables David Schoderbek 10min
Subtask 2.7: Pioneer #1 Logging While Drilling David Schoderbek 10min
Site Selection status & Project Timeline David Schoderbek 15min
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Natural Gas Hydrates in Lab
Previous Work by Others• Extensive Fundamental Properties of Bulk Hydrates – Flow
Assurance.
• P-T Conditions for Hydrate Formation Well Established.– Sand Size Pores ~ Bulk Properties
• Porous Media Studies.– CH4 vs. THF – Inc. Pressure Requirements.
– Emphasis on Sand Packs.
• Limited Work on Production Scenarios.
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Early Thoughts on CO2 Exchange
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Temperature (C)
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sure
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Prev. Work
Thermodynamics of CO2Exchange Recognized.
Assumptions:Slow Kinetics (Based on Bulk, Solids)
Free Water Released (Dissociation/Reformation at Macro-Scale).
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Early Thoughts on CO2 Exchange
• Current Experiments Run at Elevated T-P Conditions Relative to Earlier CH4-CO2 Exchange Studies and Are Comparable to North Slope Reservoir Conditions.
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sure
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Prev. Work
Thermodynamics of CO2Exchange Recognized.
Assumptions:Slow Kinetics (Based on Bulk, Solids)
Free Water Released (Dissociation/Reformation at Macro-Scale).
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Summary of COP Experiments
• Hydrate Formation – CO2-CH4 Exchange and CH4 Production Experiments Completed at Series of P-T Conditions, Initial Water Saturation and Water Composition.
• Most Experiments Monitored with MRI –Additional Information Beyond PVT.
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33c-11
30.0 hrs
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CH4
MRI of Core
CH4 in Spacer
Hydrate-Saturated Core Halves
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CH4 - CO2 Production Scenario
• Replace CH4 in Hydrate Structure with CO2.
• COP Patent (US 7,222,673) Based on the Absence of Produced Free Water.
• Keys are Understanding of Rates of Exchange and Recovery Efficiency.
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CH4-CO2 Exchange
Methane Production
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Methane Production
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Methane Production
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MRI Intensity Increase in Longitudinal Spacer Indicates CH4 Production from Core as CO2 Diffuses into Hydrate.
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Methane Production
• Monitor MRI Intensity In Spacer.– Longitudinal– Transverse at Outlet.
• CO2 “Soak” vs. Active Injection.
• Reproducible Rates.• CH4 Recovery Approaches
Theoretical Limit.0
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0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Hours
Inte
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1st Flush
2nd Flush
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Volumetrics and MRI Results
Methane is Consumed as Core is Cooled and Hydrate Forms in Core (Dec. MRI Intensity. After CO2 Flush Methane is Produced in Fracture (Inc MRI Intensity) as CO2 is Consumed. No Change in MRI Intensity in Core.
Hydrate Formation
CO2-CH4Exchange
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MR
I Int
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Methane CO2 core fracture
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Volumetrics and MRI Results
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Methane CO2 core fracture
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MR
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MRI Intensity in Fracture (CH4) and CO2 Volume Consumption
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Permeability in Hydrates
• MRI Intensity Loss Indicates Hydrate Formation. Correlates with Permeability Decrease.
• Permeability Remains Constant During CO2 Exchange.
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lity
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MR
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file
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Room Temp
4oC -1200psi
1000 psi
Depressurize
750 psi 500 psi
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CO2-CH4 Exchange Observations
• Demonstrate that CO2-CH4 Exchange Does NOT Involve Free Water.
• Produced CH4 is Greater Than Free Gas in Pores.
• Mass Balance Calculations Indicate That ~70% of Original CH4in Hydrate is Exchanged.
– ~ Theoretical Limit for Structure I Hydrates.
• Exchange Rates are Fast.
– First-Order Kinetics
• Permeability Remains Constant During Exchange.
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Accomplishments
• Reproducible Hydrate Formation in Sandstone Pores.– Monitor with ΔVgas and MRI.
• Measure Permeability During Hydrate Formation– K vs. Shy / Sw.
• Determine CH4 “Filling Factor” in Formed Hydrates.– ~ Theoretical Limit
• Produced CH4 from Hydrate Through CO2 Exchange.
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2009 Experiment GoalsSupport for Field Trial
• Evaluate Role of Free Water on Hydrate Reformation and Permeability.
• Determine Effect of N2 Injection on CO2Exchange.
• Collect Additional Experimental Depressurization Data for Simulation Model Input / Validation.
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COP 2009 Experiments
• CO2 Injectivity / Permeability in Samples with Free Water (Mt. Elbert Analogue).
• Form Hydrates and Run CO2 Exchange in Sand Packs – N. Slope Analogue.
• N2 Injectivity Test – Effect of Diluting CO2Stream on Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Exchange Mechanism.
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Agenda
Introductions & ConocoPhillips Overview Helen Farrell 10min
Award Status Robert Miller 15min
Experimental basis for CO2-CH4 exchange James Howard 20min
Field Trial Overview & Status of Initial Deliverables David Schoderbek 10min
Subtask 2.7: Pioneer #1 Logging While Drilling David Schoderbek 10min
Site Selection status & Project Timeline David Schoderbek 15min
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Field Trial Overview
Goal: reservoir-scale trial
Alaska North Slope
CO2-CH4 exchange
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Field Trial Overview: Plan
Existing gravel or ice pad
Chilled-mud drilling system
Pre-test formation evaluation (coring/LWD optional)
Low-temperature casing cementing
Rigless (coiled tubing) completion
Perforation & N2 injection to confirm perm
Downhole real-time monitoring (p & T)
Injection of CO2 followed by shut-in
Flowback & metering thru test separator
Post-test formation evaluation
Rigless plug & abandon
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Status of Initial Deliverables
Initial submission 11.06.08
Revision submitted 11.26.08
Initial submission 11.06.08
Revision submitted 11.26.08
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Agenda
Introductions & ConocoPhillips Overview Helen Farrell 10min
Award Status Robert Miller 15min
Experimental basis for CO2-CH4 exchange James Howard 20min
Field Trial Overview & Status of Initial Deliverables David Schoderbek 10min
Subtask 2.7: Pioneer #1 Logging While Drilling David Schoderbek 10min
Site Selection status & Project Timeline David Schoderbek 15min
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Subtask 2.7: Pioneer #1 Logging While Drilling
Evaluation of Additional Gas Hydrate Identification TechnologiesQ1’09 Pioneer exploratory well in eastern NPR-AAcquire LWD log suite (Gamma Ray, Sonic, Resistivity) Surface casing to approx 3000ft depthEstimated LWD sonic cost: $60kTool charges: $35kData processing: $25k
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Pioneer #1 Logging While Drilling
Pioneer #1
25mi WSWof Nuiqsut
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USGS Hydrate Petroleum System
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100 km
USGS Tarn & Eileen Hydrate Accumulations
Pioneer #1
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Agenda
Introductions & ConocoPhillips Overview Helen Farrell 10min
Award Status Robert Miller 15min
Experimental basis for CO2-CH4 exchange James Howard 20min
Field Trial Overview & Status of Initial Deliverables David Schoderbek 10min
Subtask 2.7: Pioneer #1 Logging While Drilling David Schoderbek 10min
Site Selection status & Project Timeline David Schoderbek 15min
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Site Selection
• Culled 5700-well database down to 900 wells w/GR/Δt/Rt
• Identified “top 100” plus overlay USGS & in-house studies
• Developing & populating Ranking Matrix
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Ranking Criteria
• Hydrate thickness• Number of sands• Confidence of occurrence
– Log coverage– Log quality– Depth below calc’d PFrost
• Gas hydrate saturation• Depth/temperature• Mudlog shows/drilling data• Seismic quality & character
• Ownership/operatorship• Access: road & pad• Historic conventional prod• Simultaneous Operations
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Timeline
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Tasks Underway
• Site selection/Laboratory experimentation
• Reservoir Simulation code validation– depressurization & CO2-CH4 exchange
• Cyclic CO2 injection/CH4 flowback test design
• ID & evaluate synergies w/BP-DOE project
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Thank you for your attention
Questions?