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NETWORK OF COMPETENCE IN FORMATION
OF SURFACE PROPERTIES
MOLPRINT MOLECULAR UNDERSTANDINGOF PRINTABILITY
Jarl B. Rosenholm, bo Akademi University (coordinator)Martti Toivakka, bo Akademi University
Kai-Erik Peiponen, University of Joensuu
Jussi Timonen, University of Jyvskyl (University of Oulu)
Matti Murtomaa, University of Turku
Heidi Fagerholm, Top Analytica, Turku
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NETWORK OF COMPETENCE IN FORMATION
OF SURFACE PROPERTIES
MOLPRINT INDUSTRIAL PROJECTPARTNERS
M-real OyjStoraEnso Oyj
Omya Oy
Ciba Specialty (Raisio) Chemicals Oy
Hansaprint Oy
KSV Instruments Oy
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MOLPRINTPaper grade
Printing speed
Uncoated fine
paper
Coated fine
paper
Photographic
paper
New
papers
Recycled paper
Newpapers
New printing tech-niques require arange of coated andnoncoated paper
qualities.
Advanced inks arepigment based,solvent based orwater based, which
should set fastwithout mottling
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MOLPRINTWHYThe diverging requirements set by new printing techniques has
made the traditional specification standards used by paper
manufacturers (Bendtsen, PPS, Cobb, HST) unsatisfactory,
which is considered to be the greatest obstacle for a fastdevelopment of this industry.
HOW
Paper qualities aimed for different printing techniques are
characterised thoroughly with physico-chemical and structural
means in two- and three-dimensions, in order to establish new
common standards for the printers and for the paper makers.
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MOLPRINT
DigitalorInk
-Jetprintin
g
Offsetorflexoprinting
BASE PAPER / SC / COATED PAPER / PACKAGES
CALENDERING / SURFACE SIZING / COATING
CALENDERING / SURFACE SIZING / COATING
PRINTING METHOD A
PRINTING METHOD B
The research has to account for all the process stages
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MOLPRINTWHAT will be done
Chemical and physical surface and bulk properties
Surface (2D) and cross-sectional (3D) structure
2D- and 3D- transport and setting of printing ink
Optical properties related to visual response
Heat transport and electric/hydrostatic conductivity
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MOLPRINTManufactur ingUp-scaling
StructureSurfaceCross-section
Analyses
Structure PhysicalChemical
Techniques
PrintabilityA / Paper X (X)
A / Phys.Chem . X
Top Analytica X (X) X
JoU / Physics X
JyU / Phys ics + Ou lu * X (X )
TY / Physics X
* Oulu Univ./ Optoelectronics:Opt ica l Coherence Tom ography
In ktransportAdsorptio
Opticalproperties
Conductivity(heat &electric)WHO
is doing
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MOLPRINTPigment Coated Papers
Laboratory of Paper Coating and Converting, bo Akademi University
To understand the interactions that occur in various printingprocesses between printing liquids (inks, emulsified inks, foun-tain solutions) and pigment coated papers
Through use of both experiments and mathematical modeling,the project strives to identify those chemical and morphologicalproperties of inks and coated paper surface that control theprintability and quality of coated paper products
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MOLPRINTHOW it will be done
Influence of ink constituents and paper surface characteristicson the ink tack development, ink setting and ink adhesion areinvestigated
Ink constituents are separated chromatographically
The microstructure and chemistry in commercial inks isanalyzed and consequences for the printability and print qualityis evaluated
Properties ink/fountain solution emulsions are measured
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MOLPRINTEXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
Hg-porosimetry
Thin-layer wicking (TLW)
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC, into latex)
Tack, gloss, print density etc.
Rotogravure Flexo Heat/coldset offset
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MOLPRINTMODELING: Current models ignore chemistry!
Develop 2D surface and 3D bulk model of coatingstructure, including heterogeneity caused by chemistry
Clarify the influence of nonuniformities on dominantmechanisms that control printability and print quality
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MOLPRINTInk and Solvent Interaction and their Transport during Printing
Department of Physical Chemistry, bo Akademi University
Relate the surface energy and structure with the dynamic 2D-spreading and setting of inks on pigment coated papers
Investigate the simultaneous fast 2D- and 3D-penetration ofmodel solutions into the bulk paper structure (ink-jet printing).
A mathematical model is developed:
which describes the liquid transport and ink setting processes
serves as a new specification for printers and paper makers
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MOLPRINTHOW it will be done
The surface energy and spreading is measured as wetting ( )The surface structure and interaction energy with AFM
The setting speed, e.g. with D-QCM
The penetration is investigated as 2D-3D-liquid flow
The amount ofliquid absorbed is evaluated from volumetric
and/or geometric considerationsThe binding of inkis characterized spectrometrically
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MOLPRINT
HP-H 2O-0,18 l
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 50 100 150 200
tid[s]
mtn. 1
mtn. 2
mtn. 3
mtn. 4
mtn. 5
mtn. 6
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MOLPRINT
cos
cos *
-1 0 1
0
1
-1
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MOLPRINTInterfacial structures Process aspect
Top Analytica, Ltd
Characterize the physical surface and cross-sectional structureof paper and coating layers molecular structure
Identify the surface chemical structure of paper and coatinglayers macroscopic properties
The relationship between these properties how shouldprintability be defined
Identify the most suitable analytical techniques for studying ofthe above mentioned relationships
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MOLPRINTHOW it will be done
The paper manufacturing is investigated step-by-step, from thebase paper to the printed product as case studies, including:
Base paper structure Structure after calendering
Structure after surface sizing/coating Printabilty
In between these steps; surface properties, interaction betweenprocess chemicals and pigments and the interaction between theink and the surface is analyzed
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MOLPRINTEXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
(SEM)-EDX ~ m
TOF-SIMS < 2 nm
280285290
Binding Energy (eV)
Na+
Mg +K
100 m
ESCA
2 - 5 nm
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MOLPRINTEXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURESBlue = CaCO3Green = Kaolin
Red / Brown =
C, O
200 m
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MOLPRINT
Optical measurement of print qualityDepartment of Physics, University of Joensuu
Unfortunately, the variation of gloss deteriorates the print quality.
The gloss depends on various paper and printing variables such as the
micro-roughness and texture of paper, absorption of ink and spectro-scopic properties of the ink.There are conventional glossmeters that give information on relativelylarge area and provide a number, which is related to the average gloss
of a surface.
Unfortunately, such devices are not sensitive to detect gloss in normaldirection which is the usual geometry for visual evaluation namely thatof reading news papers or magazines.
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MOLPRINT
HOW is it done
The setup of DOG isThe setup of DOG isshown in figureshown in figure
We have developed a novel glossmeter thatis based on detection of local gloss variationby a diffractive element based glossmeter(DOG). It is free of the problems related tothe conventional glossmeters (see. KariMyller A glossmeter based on a diffractiveoptical element, University of Joensuu,Department of Physics, Dissertations 42(2004)). This device is sensitive to small gloss
variation of planar and curved surfaces.Furthermore, it can be utilized for detectionof average gloss from a macroscopicsurface.
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MOLPRINT
HOW it will be done
The key point of the DOG is the diffractive optical element(DOE), which is a computer-generated hologram andfabricated using modern electron beam lithography. DOE is
exploited as an analyser of the amplitude and phase of thereflected light field from the print. It provides, e.g.:
Information on the quality of the print itself such as glossvariation.
Information on anisotropy of the surface morphology on
print area.Thus, it is an useful device for quality inspection of prints
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MOLPRINT
Effect of nip pressure and calandering on the surfacemorphology and bulk structure of paper
Department of Physics, University of Jyvskyl
Understand morphological changes induced in the
structure of paper by nip pressure andcalandering.
To relate these morphological changes to printingquality
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MOLPRINT
HOW it will be done
X-ray Microtomography (XMT)Department of Physics, University of Jyvskyl
resolution ~ 0.9 m
complete 3-D internal structure
Optical coherence tomography (OCT)Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory,
University of Oulu
resolution ~ 10 m
penetration depth ~ 40 m
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MOLPRINT
Computer
microfocu
s X-ray
tube
object
manipulat
or
X-ray CCD
camerasample
3D image
X-ray Microtomography (XMT)
Uses X-rays toproduce 2Dshadowgrams
from multipleangles
Reconstructs3D imagesfrom shadow-grams
Nondestructive no sample preparation needed
Sample sizes from 2mm-68 mm with respective voxel sizes 0.9-20 m
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MOLPRINTOptical coherence tomography (OCT), Optoelectronics andMeasurement Techniques Laboratory, University of Oulu
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MOLPRINT
Heat transport and electrical conductionLaboratory of Industrial Physics, University of Turku
Electrostatics play an important role in, for example:
xerography, gravure printing, laser and ink jet printing further handling of printouts
future products & processes (intelligent papers and packages, ...)
Thermo-analytical properties:
heat conduction in paper and polymers
high printing speed > small melting time
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MOLPRINT
HOW it will be done
Development of new electrostatic methods for studying:
electrical conduction and charge decay
charging properties of papers and polymers
effects of moisture, morphology, composition etc. on theelectrostatic properties
Development of new thermo-analytical methods
heat conduction in polymers and papers with differentcomposition & morphology
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MOLPRINT
_1015153502_001.jpg
Effect of surface coverage of a glass pipe by small particles on thetriboelectrification of magnesium stearate doped glucose powder
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MOLPRINT
Thank you for your attention!