NETPROG: Stereographic Analysis Program version 5 · and annotations in a single child grid window...

NETPROG: Stereographic Analysis Program

version 5.1

Table of Contents

NETPROG Capabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -6-

New Features in NETPROG 5.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -6-

Installing and Configuring NETPROG for your System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -8-

Registration of NETPROG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -10-

Starting NETPROG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -11-

The NETPROG Main Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -12-

Creating and editing data files for NETPROG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -14-

Embedding commands in data file.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -16-

Data Format Details. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -22-

User-defined Geometry Annotations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -24-

Examples of valid data files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -26-

The Data Grid Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -26-

Activating the Data Grid Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -27-

Data Grid Layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -27-

Entering Data into the Data Grid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -28-

Using the Data Grid Editor Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -28-

Entering Data Grid Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -29-

Using the Button Bar and Drop-down Lists.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -29-

The Annotation Grid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -32-

Annotation Grid Editor Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -33-

NETPROG files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -34-

Using the mouse with NETPROG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -35-

Working with data stored in other applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -36-Microsoft Office Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -36-Excel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -37-

Menu Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -38-

File Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -38-Initializing for a new stereonet plot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -38-Opening a data file. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -38-Saving a data file. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -39-Printing the stereonet diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -39-The “About NETPROG” menu item. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -39-The “Exit” menu item in the File menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -40-

Edit Menu.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -40-Copying the diagram to the windows clipboard in enhanced metafile format.. . . Page -40-Copy the diagram to the clipboard in bitmap format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -40-Indicating the current selection mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -40-Editing the drawing title.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -41-

Run Menu.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -41-Processing data in the data grid editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -42-

Settings Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -42-Setting the radius value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -42-Selecting the counting method for contouring/shading the diagram. . . . . . . . . . . Page -42-Setting the projection type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -44-Setting the stereographic grid density. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -44-Setting the units type for the plot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -44-Setting the font. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -44-Determining the data format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -45-Setting the plot type for the stereonet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -46-Setting the contour base and interval. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -47-Controlling the diagram text height and line weight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -48-Controlling diagram colors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -49-Setting the cursor status format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -50-

View Menu.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -50-Redrawing the diagram window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -50-Specifying a numerical zoom factor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -51-Zooming to the window extents.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -51-Setting the grid and snap values.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -51-Panning the current drawing window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -51-Displaying the annotation grid editor.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -52-

Displaying the data grid editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -52-Displaying the statistical results window.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -52-Displaying the Statistical Fit Histogram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -52-

Draw Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -53-Annotating the stereonet with text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -54-Interactively constructing a great circle geometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -55-Interactively drawing a great circle arc geometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -56-Interactively constructing a small circle geometry.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -57-Drawing the general arc of a small circle.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -58-Selecting the current draw color. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -60-Selecting the current drawing symbol name. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -60-

Solve Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -61-Solution for the line of intersection of two structural planes.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -61-Solve for plane common to two linear elements that are not coaxial. . . . . . . . . . Page -62-Solve for angle between two linear elements that are not coaxial. . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -63-Project by angle in plane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -64-Project by rotation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -64-Rotation of the data Set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -65-

Statistics Menu.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -66-Calculating and displaying least-squares geometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -66-

Configuration Menu.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -68-Setting custom page margins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -68-Saving configuration values.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -69-

Help Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -70-Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -70-About. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -70-

NETPROG Background Topics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -70-Definition of directional angles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -70-Contents of the NETPROG.INI file. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -71-Using S/C mylonite data to plot shear zone slip vectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -73-Plotting a Stereographic Grid for Manual Plotting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -73-

SELECTED REFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -76-

List of Figures

Figure 1: Cylindrical fold data in NETPROG.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -8-Figure 2: NETPROG main application window.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -12-Figure 3: Data grid editor window.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -14-Figure 4: Example of the Data grid editor window.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -27-Figure 5: Annotation grid editor window... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -32-Figure 6: Access query definition for generating a NETPROG clipboard file.. . . . . . . . Page -37-Figure 7: Query results table with 1 three columns selected.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -37-st

Figure 8: Example of clipboard data pasted into the NETPROG data grid editor... . . . . Page -38-Figure 9: Example of the Open File dialog.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -38-Figure 10: Example of the File Save dialog... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -38-Figure 11: Example of the Print dialog.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -39-Figure 12: The “About” dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -40-Figure 13: Object selection mode dialog.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -41-Figure 14: Example of font selection dialog.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -45-Figure 15: Example of data format dialog.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -46-Figure 16: “Plot Type Settings” dialog box.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -46-Figure 17: Contour levels dialog box... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -47-Figure 18: Example of text size & line weight dialog.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -48-Figure 19: Diagram color control dialog.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -49-Figure 20: Example of cursor format control dialog.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -50-Figure 21: Example of drawing a great circle.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -55-Figure 22: Example of drawing a great circle arc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -56-Figure 23: Example of drawing a small circle.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -57-Figure 24: Example of drawing a small circle arc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -58-Figure 25: Example of marker symbol dialog.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -59-Figure 26: Example of draw color dialog.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -60-Figure 27: The current draw symbol dialog window.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -60-Figure 28: The solve for intersecting planes dialog.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -61-Figure 29: Dialog window for the “solve for common plane” menu item... . . . . . . . . . . Page -62-Figure 30: Dialog for the “solve for angle between lines” menu item... . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -63-Figure 31: Dialog for the “Project by angle in plane” menu item.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -64-Figure 32: The “Project by rotation” dialog window.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -64-Figure 33: The “Rotate Date” dialog window.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -65-Figure 34: Statistical fit dialog window.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -66-Figure 35: Page configuration dialog window.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -69-Figure 36: The “Save Configuration” dialog window.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -69-Figure 37: Stereographic grid example.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page -75-

NETPROG: Stereographic Analysis Application

NETPROG Capabilities

The NETPROG program is designed to plot geologic structure data on a stereographicprojection graph or "stereonet". The program can process this type of data in a variety of formats,and it can analyze the data with a variety of statistical methods. This program plots the data aseither marker symbols or by contouring the percent concentration density. Percent concentrationmay be enhanced by color shading. A rotation facility allows the user to rotate data around aplunging axis. The rotation can be around an axis attitude in a dextral or sinistral sense. Data canalso be plotted as great circle arcs for producing beta diagrams. The program allows up to 256user-defined elements to be plotted which include text, symbols, great circles, small circles, arcsof small or great circles. A stereographic "solve" menu is provided so that the intersection ofplanes, the plane common to two lines, etc. may be interactively solved and plotted on thediagram. The NETPROG program contains an integrated data grid editor that simplifies dataentry. If errors in data format or command syntax are encountered when the data grid isprocessed, the problem row number is highlighted in red and scrolled to by the application. Thismakes finding and correcting syntax errors in the data file easy and efficient. NETPROG islimited only by operating system memory space for the data set size. The author has used datasets in the 2000-4000 range while still retaining responsiveness on Pentium class systems.NETPROG can run on any windows system that has Windows 9.x/NT/XP/Vista/7.x installed.

New Features in NETPROG 5.1

Several significant new features have been added to the latest version of NETPROG (5.1). Inprevious versions of NETPROG the data grid contained data, data commands, and annotationcommands. In the current version the user-defined annotations are maintained in a separate grideditor apart from the data grid editor. Also, in previous versions of NETPROG there was noattempt to keep the user-defined annotations defined in memory synchronized with theannotations in the data grid. In the current version, whenever a annotation is created it issimultaneously added to the annotation grid so that when the user saves the data and annotationgrids to a disk file everything in memory is accounted for and saved to disk. Likewise, whenannotation elements are selected and deleted from memory they are also simultaneously deletedfrom the annotation grid. Editing an existing annotation elements immediately updates the entryin the annotation grid window.

The annotation grid also adds another important feature: the ability to inspect all annotationstogether in tabular form in a separate child window. Previous versions of NETPROG mixed dataand annotations in a single child grid window making it difficult to find specific annotations inthe grid in complex files. In situations where many annotations exist on a diagram the user mayhave difficulty selecting a specific element- especially if one element is directly on top of anotherelements. The annotation grid enables the user to scroll through all annotation elements andallow the user to select and edit/delete the element on a row-by-row basis. This adds much

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flexibility to the annotation creation/editing component of the NETPROG application.

Other significant improvements include the addition to the “Solve” menu of the following:

Project by angle: creates a marker annotation based on the attitude of a plane, theattitude of a lineation that falls on the plane, and a specified angle. The angle specifiedcreates a new linear marker in the plane at the angular distance from the lineation.

Project by rotation: creates a new marker based on the attitude of a rotation axis, theattitude of a linear start point, and a rotation angle. The new marker is generated byrotating the start lineation around the axis by the rotation angle amount.

As with previous versions of NETPROG “clicking” the left mouse button places a small blackcross “blip” mark at the click location for reference. This location is saved by the program andmay be used in a subsequent “Draw” menu operation. For example, if the pointing device ismoved to a location within the primitive circle of the main diagram window, and a left-click ismade at the attitude of 35, 150 plunge and azimuth, a subsequent “Draw” > “Marker” will bydefault use the 35, 150 attitude for the position of the marker. NETPROG remembers the lastthree left-clicks so that draw commands that use two or three attitudes will have these as defaults.The new version of NETPROG adds a object snap mode so that the left-click of the mouse will“snap” to the position of a previously drawn object. Object snap can be turned on with the “Edit”> “Selection Mode” dialog window. When this mode is on the left-click will plot a black “blip”at the left-click position, but if the click is within the object threshold distance a red large “blip”cross will appear on the nearest object. The position of the object snap cross will be used by asubsequent draw command. In this way the user can exactly “snap” to objects already plotted toprecisely construct new annotation objects.

Many of the edit commands that affect only data or annotations have been moved from the mainNETPROG menu to the “Edit” menu of the data/annotation grid editors. This has greatlysimplified the main diagram window “Edit” menu. Also, additional edit commands have beenadded to the data/annotation grid menu so that there are “Cut”, “Copy”, and “Paste” commandsthat work on a cell-basis, and another set that work on a row-basis.

Another improvement to NETPROG is the ability to use a variety of attitude formats for planarand linear in interactive dialogs. Previous versions of NETPROG used only quadrant formats; thepresent version allows the user to pick a format from a drop-down list in the dialog. When theattitude format is changed by the user, any attitudes that are already entered into edit boxes willautomatically be converted to the equivalent attitude in the new format. This will preserve theprevious mouse clicks or selected object attitudes that preceded the window dialog. This applieswindow dialogs in the “Draw” and “Solve” menus.

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Figure 1: Cylindrical fold data inNETPROG.

Installing and Configuring NETPROG foryour System

Setting up NETPROG for your computer is as easy asde-compressing the files from the NET.EXE self-extractingarchive to a subdirectory on your hard disk. There is no“install” program to execute to install NETPROG on yourcomputer. For this discussion I will assume that the user hascreated a folder named “C:\stereonet\”, and that the“NET.EXE” file has been downloaded to this folder. Youcan download the self-extracting “NET.EXE” file from thebelow web site:

http://www.usouthal.edu/geography/allison/w-netprg.htm

After clicking on the download “NET.EXE” link on thisweb page, use the option in your web browser to save“NET.EXE” to the “C:\stereonet\” folder. After this step,use Windows Explorer to browse to the “C:\stereonet\”folder, and then double-click the “NET.EXE” file to execute the self-extracting program. Youcan find the Windows Explorer application under the “Start” > “Programs” > “Accessories”button menu. Proceed to extract all files in “NET.EXE” to the “C:\stereonet\” folder.

There is one additional step that needs to be taken after un-zipping the program files: adding aprogram icon on the desktop. This step is not absolutely necessary, however, it makes starting theNETPROG application much more convenient. Proceed to browse to “C:\stereonet\” folder withWindows Explorer, and highlight the “NETPROG.EXE” file. Right-click on the highlighted filename, and then select the “Copy” option. Now move the mouse cursor so that it is positionedover the desktop screen area, and then right-click and select “paste shortcut”. This should placethe NETPROG icon on the desktop. Now you can start NETPROG by double-clicking on thedesktop icon. Do so at this time to make sure NETPROG is executing properly. If you do not seethe opening NETPROG window repeat the above steps to make sure that a step was not skipped.

At this time select the “window maximize” button in the upper right corner of the NETPROGmain window. Choose from the NETPROG menu “view” > “zoom factor” to change the scalingfactor that controls the size of the diagram on your video screen. The program will always drawthe diagram on the center of the main window (close to, but not exactly the physical center of thescreen), therefore, you may wish to adjust the default scaling factor to control how the diagram issized on your specific video hardware. This setting and others are saved when you exit to theNETPROG.INI file and will be automatically used when you start the program again in thecurrent directory. The file NETPROG.INI is always stored in the “\Stereonet\” directory by

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http://www.usouthal.edu/geography/allison/w-netprg.htm


default, so it is recommended that this folder be used for containing the NETPROG files. If youfind that NETPROG is using unwanted default values you may freely delete the NETPROG.INIfile to force the program to use the defaults that are hard-coded in the application.

If you have a printer installed on your computer now select from the menu “Settings” > “PlotType” and then check the “Plot Stereographic Grid” option. Then select the “OK” button. Thefull stereographic grid will appear on the main window. Select “File” > “Print” from the mainmenu, and then click on the “properties” button of the printer driver. Within the printer driverselect “portrait” mode if it is not already set. Select the “OK” button on the main print windowand the diagram should now print. NETPROG is now setup and ready for data analysis.

The NETPROG help system requires several setup steps to become activated. When activated,whenever a “Help” button is clicked in NETPROG the help file is loaded from withinNETPROG. The help file is an Adobe PDF document (“Netprog_Help.pdf”) that is maintainedon the author’s web site, but is also included in the “NET.EXE” self-extracting archive. The website document is constantly updated for latest program changes/additions so it is recommendedthat this default help target is maintained. For users without internet access the target should bechanged to a destination on the local hard disk. Before setting the help file browser applicationlocation and help file target in the NETPROG.INI file, the user should install the freedownloadable Adobe Reader application. The simplest way to find the download site for AdobeReader is simply do an internet search on your favorite search engine for “Adobe Reader”.Alternatively, navigating to “www.abobe.com” will also lead to a download link to the reader.During installation of Adobe Reader, if the option to configure the reader as an add-on to yourweb browser is presented, answer with an affirmative (“OK” or “Yes”). For the rest of thediscussion I will assume that Internet Explorer is the web browser, and that Adobe Reader isinstalled as an add-on to the browser.

The default “NETPROG.INI” file copied to the default NETPROG folder (usually“C:\Stereonet\”) folder contains the following two lines by default:

BROWSERPATH=C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exeBROWSERTARGET=http://www.usouthal.edu/geography/allison/w-netprg/Netprog_Help.pdf

These “BROWSERPATH” is the path to the PDF browser application used to view theNETPROG PDF help file. Since Internet Explorer has been assumed to be configured to use theAbobe Reader, the “BROWSERPATH” setting points to the location of the Internet Explorerapplication. To verify the path for your computer inspect the “Program Files” folder withWindows Explorer. Look for a “Internet Explorer” folder, and in the folder look for anexecutable file in the folder with the Internet Explorer icon (on my computer this is“iexplore.exe”). Use this full path for the browser application setting to the right of the“BROWSERPATH=” statement. By default the “BROWSERTARGET=” setting will point to

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the author’s version of the NETPROG PDF help file. If the user wishes to indicate an alternativehelp file this is where the path should be modified.

If the user does not have an Internet connection the NETPROG.INI file should be modified topoint to a local version of NETPROG PDF help file. In addition, since the target is no longer aweb address, the browser application may be set directly to the Adobe Reader application. As anexample, the below NETPROG.INI lines would allow this change:

BROWSERPATH=C:\Program Files\Adobe\Reader 8.0\Reader\AcroRd32.exeBROWSERTARGET=c:\stereonet\Netprog_Help.pdf

In the above example the “Netprog_Help.pdf” file had been extracted and copied to the“C:\stereonet\” folder from the “NET.EXE” archive file.

After making changes to the “NETPROG.INI” file make sure the modified file is copied to the“C:\Stereonet\” folder (or wherever the NETPROG files will be stored) so that the changes arerecognized by NETPROG. If the user has trouble configuring NETPROG to load the help filefrom within the NETPROG application, a simple work-around is to independently start theAdobe Reader, load the “Netprog_Help.pdf” file, and then start NETPROG. When you need torefer to the help file simply minimize NETPROG and select the appropriate bookmark in thehelp file.

Registration of NETPROG

You may freely use NETPROG 5.1 for 60 days upon receiving a copy of the NET.EXEarchive file. After this period, if you continue to use the program, you must register the program.If you are using the program for academic purposes the program is free. To register send me viamail a xerox copy of your student or faculty ID. You should also send me your e-mail address ifyou have one. I will also accept scanned images of your ID via internet e-mail in BMP or TIFFformat. On the other hand, if you use this program in any way to make a profit, I request aregistration fee of $99 check or money order made to the author. Registration of this programwill allow you to receive updates as I add more features to the program. You will find all theinformation that you need to contact me in the about menu item.

The author of this program has invested a great deal of time testing the various components ofthis program for accuracy, however, as with all software, I am sure that there are"bugs","glitches", etc., lurking in this version somewhere. The author makes no gurantee that thisprogram will do what you want it to do for whatever reason, "bugs" or otherwise. In addition, theauthor cannot gurantee that this program will execute on your PC hardware because the authorwill never be able to test the program on every possible hardware configuration. If you find aproblem with the software you are welcome to report it to me, however, keep in mind that the

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author is NOT a professional programmer, and that he will attempt to address such problems astime permits from his other duties. If you do report a program error, please explain as to thecircumstances of the problem, and indicate the program version number from the about box. Iwelcome suggestions from users about features to add to future versions, but again, asking forthese new features will not guarantee that the author will implement them.

Starting NETPROG

You can start the NETPROG program using several different methods:

• Desktop Icon

• Start Menu

• File Explorer

• My Computer

The most convenient way to start NETPROG is to add a program icon to the windows desktop.To do this see the discussion in the “Installing and Configuring NETPROG” section above.

To setup NETPROG from the “Start” menu establish a program icon on the desktop (see above)and “drag-and-drop” the icon onto the “Start” button in the lower left portion of the windowsdesktop.

Running NETPROG from the Windows Explorer application is also straightforward. Open adirectory window on the home directory of NETPROG, wherever that may be on your system(usually c:\stereonet\”, and then double-click on the file "netprog.exe" will start the application.The same method will work with the “My Computer” applet in Windows.

When NETPROG is active, select the File > Open menu sequence to open a file selection dialog.You will see a list of files ending with the file extension "TXT" (these were extracted fromNET.EXE). Select one of these files and click "OK". The data file will load into the data grideditor that automatically pops up over the graphics window (Figure 1). To plot the data, click onthe button bar icon labeled with forward and backward arrows in the data editor or main window.Minimize the data grid editor to see all of the stereonet diagram. You can also plot data in thegrid editor by selecting the Run > Process data menu sequence from the NETPROG main menu.

You may wish to load all of the example data files to experience the capabilities of theapplication. Note that the first 20 or so lines may contain various commands. The lines following

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Figure 2: NETPROG main application window.

these commands contain data.

The NETPROG Main Window

The main application window of the NETPROG application appears after the initial “splash”screen when the application is started. NETPROG conforms to traditional Windows OSapplications in that it has:

! Upper title bar (1)! Upper main menu (2)! Lower status bar (3)! Right scroll bar (4)! Left button bar (5)! Data/Commands Child Window (6)! Annotations Child Window (7)! Stereographic Diagram (8)

The upper title bar (circle 1 inFigure 2) in the main applicationwindow contains the applicationname “NETPROG” followed by thecurrently active data file in squarebrackets ([]). If the file name has notbeen specified the name ‘*.txt’appears in the square brackets.Whenever the NETPROGapplication is being used the usershould periodically save the currentdata file to a disk drive location.The location where the file is beingsaved is always indicated by thename in the square brackets.

The main menu bar is directly below the application title bar and is indicated by circle 2 inFigure 2. The menu bar contains all of the functional application options that are made availableto the user through windows dialogs. For example, to save the current file the user would left-click on “File”, and then on “Save Data File” to write the contents of the chile data andannotation windows to a disk file. If a letter in a menu option contains an underlined letter (e.g.the letter “F” in the “File” menu), the keyboard shortcut <Alt>+<underlined letter> may be used(i.e. <Alt>+F) to access the menu.

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The lower status bar contains information about the current operating conditions of theapplication. From left to right these are:

1. Pointing device location in (X,Y) coordinates using the center of the stereonet diagramas (0,0).

2. Pointing device location in attitude coordinates. The coordinates can be set to severaldifferent formats (plunge & bearing, plunge & azimuth, strike & dip, directional angles).If the pointing device is outside the primitive the bearing or azimuth is reported but theplunge angle is set to 0.

3. Anchor position set by most recent left-click on the main window diagram. The formatof the reported anchor position matches the pointing device attitude format in (2)preceded by a “A>”. If the object snap is on the position reported will be the “snapped to”position, and the anchor position is followed by “(os=on)”. If the object snap is off theanchor position is followed by “(os=off)”. If the left-click anchor is set outside theprimitive of the stereonet the position is reported in (X,Y) media coordinates.

4. Radius in current units (inches or centimeters). The radius value is preceded by “R=”.

5. Current projection, either “Equal Area” or “Equal Angle”.

6. Current drawing color for annotation objects. The background color surrounding thetext “Draw Color” is the current color.

7. Number of annotation elements currently selected. Use the “View” > “AnnotationGrid” to view the annotation grid and see the specific selected items. The selected itemsare displayed on the main diagram in a “gray” color. A right-click on the annotationelement in the main diagram will toggle the selection on and off.

The right-most scroll bar in Figure 2 is the main diagram scroll control. This control works likeany other windows scroll control.

The left button bar frames the left side of the application window. These buttons consist of menucommands that are used often, for example, the “File” > “Save” menu item. To determine whatfunction that a button provides, hold the mouse pointer stationary over the button to see a “hint”regarding what the button will do.

The “Data/Commands” child window (number 6 circle in Figure 2) is activated through the“View” > “Data Grid” menu item. Alternatively the data grid window is automatically opened

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Figure 3: Data grid editor window.

with the “File” > “Open Data File” option. Figure 2 and Figure 3 contain examples of the datagrid child window. Details of the operation of the data grid window are described in the belowsection.

The “Annotations” child window (number 7 circle in Figure 2) is activated through the “View” >“Annotations” menu item. This window contains user-defined annotation commands generatedthrough the “Draw” or “Solve” menu. Figure 2 and Figure 4 contain examples of the annotationgrid child window.

The main application window contains the stereographic diagram (circle number 8 in Figure 2)centered on a “virtual” sheet of output media. The edge of the dark gray outer rectangle is thesize of the default media as indicated by the current printer device. If there is no installed printerthe media size is set to 8.5 x 11 inches in portrait mode. The interior “white” rectangle indicatesthe area in which the printer driver can effectively plot. If portions of the diagram stray outsidethe white plotting area the drawing elements will be truncated. The menu option “Configure” >“Custom Page” option can be used to set up a custom media page size and print margins.

Creating and editing data files for NETPROG

NETPROG processes ASCII textfiles created by the nativeNETPROG data grid editor, byother text editor applications, or byother applications such as databaseand spreadsheet programs thatoutput data in a text file. Thewindows NOTEPAD program inthe accessories group is oneexample but many exist. Most wordprocessing programs have anoption to store documents in ASCII(TXT extension) format that willwork with NETPROG. In addition,most spreadsheet and databaseapplications can save data in ASCIIor TXT format also, with the addedbenefit that often the data can be screened by query or sorting to give you control over selectingsubsets of the data. More information is presented elsewhere in this document regarding theformat of NETPROG data files, remember that whatever application you intend to use to createand edit data files, make sure that it can save the data in ASCII or TXT format. However the datafile is created, it must be loaded into the NETPROG data grid editor for processing. The

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maximum size of the data set loaded into the data grid editor is limited only by the operatingsystem memory resources, therefore, data set size should not be a significant problem. As thenumber of data increase you may note delays in data grid editing operations such as inserting ordeleting a row in the data grid, especially on older (slower) workstations. The data grid editorwill always check the data and command syntax as the data grid is processed. If an error isdetermined, the row number of the data grid will be highlighted in red. The grid editor willautoscroll so that the offending row is visible to the user.

If you choose to use the data grid editor to create files from scratch, please note the following:

1. Use the menu choice “View” > “Data Grid” to activate the grid editor window. If a data file isalready loaded into NETPROG you can clear the data grid with “File” > “New”.

2. Use the cursor keys to navigate from cell-to-cell and row-to-row. When a cell is highlightedyou can type data into the cell. When the down-arrow key is pressed on the bottom row of thegrid a new row is automatically added to the grid.

3. To edit a highlighted cell that already contains data, select the <F2> key. Press <enter> or acursor key when cell editing is complete. The keyboard combos <shift>+<del> will delete a rowand copy its contents to the clipboard, whereas the <shift>+<ins> combo will insert the clipboardcontents at the cursor position.

4. If you have copied multiple rows of data to the clipboard from another Windows application(Excel, Access, etc.) you can paste that data to the data grid editor with the “Edit” > “Paste”menu combination in the data grid editor window. A detailed example of this is discussed in alater section.

5. The data grid editor window contains a “Button Bar” of useful tools activated by clicking inthe button. To investigate the button bar capabilities position the mouse pointer over a button andkeep it stationary. A “hint bubble” will display that indicates the action of the button. The buttonsduplicate actions that are initiated by the menu or keystrokes. For example, one of the buttonssaves the contents of the data grid to a disk file (same as “File” > “Save” from menu).

6. Any data grid may contain any number of “commands” that help control the operation andappearance of NETPROG data processing and diagram production. Once NETPROG settingshave been optimized for the current data set, the current settings (radius value, projection type,etc.) may be inserted into the data grid by clicking on the “Insert Settings” button in the buttonbar. This will ensure that when the file is loaded again all of the settings will be set to currentvalues. These commands are inserted at the top of the data grid and there are many of them sodon’t be surprised if the data that you have typed in gets “pushed down” in the data grid out ofsight. Scroll down past the data grid commands to find your data. The insertion of data grid

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settings should be done only when you are reasonable satisfied with the layout of the stereogramdiagram. If you wish to change the diagram layout first use “Edit” > “Delete Settings” to deletethe commands in the data grid, and then use “Edit” > “Insert Settings” to re-insert the currentlayout in memory. The “Delete Settings” command will never delete any data lines.

7. The data grid editor window also contains 2 selectable drop down lists in the upper rightportion of the window (see Figure 3). The left drop-down edit list displays a NETPROG datagrid command (ex. PlotType) that is used to control the layout of the final stereonet graphicaldiagram. The right drop-down list contains all of the legal arguments for that command. Forexample, if the left list indicates “PlotType”, the options in the right list will be “Points”,“Contours”, “Combo”, and “Rose”. Clicking on the down-arrow in the drop-down list controlwill allow you to select any of the recognized commands and matching legal arguments. Clickingon the “Ins Cmnd” button next to the 2 drop-down lists will insert the current command andargument into the 1 column of the data grid. A detailed description of the effect of these datast

grid commands follows in the next section.

Embedding commands in data file

There are several commands that can be embedded in the NETPROG data file that can be used tocontrol the operation of NETPROG. Below are the relevant commands. Note that in the belowdiscussion that items to the right of the equal sign (=) and enclosed by brackets ([ ]) are not literalcommands but instead describe the type of argument for the command to the left of the equalsign. Unless otherwise stated in this document, the case of commands does not matter since allare converted to upper case by the program anyway. In the below discussion, text to the right ofthe ";" should be considered a comment to clarify the command, and is not intended to be enteredinto the file. Any Blank lines encountered in the data grid are ignored by the program. Thecommands described below can be logically divided into two groups: header commands thateffect the entire stereonet diagram, and data commands that effect data that occurs after (below)them in the data grid. Although any of the commands may be inserted into the data grid at anyrow, it is best to insert the header type commands at the top (beginning) of the grid, and insert thedata commands before the data rows that will be affected by the command. For example, itmakes sense to insert the "PlotType" command at the top of the file because the choice ofwhether points or contours are plotted does not depend on any specific data row. On the otherhand, you may decide to switch color in the middle of the data set so that bedding from the eastlimb of a fold plot as red, while the other limb plots as blue. In that case at least one of the“Color=” commands would appear in the data section.

To summarize, the organization of the data file would follow this form:

line 1: header command 1 line 2: header command 2

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. . . line ?: data element 1 line ?: data element 2line ?: . line ?: . line ?: .

The format for a data grid command is as follows:

[keyword] = [argument]

Below are the currently defined command keywords:

• PlotType, DataType, Title, Geometry, Radius, Projection, Symbol, Color, Units, Stat, StatsFit, EigenVect, CountNodes, CountModel, PlotNodeMode, Shading, Radius, ContLevel, ShadeValue, PlotRadUnits, NumDataLgnd, Stereogrid, PlotAzTextLabels, PlotAzTics, StereoGrid, PrintMargins, User, Begin, End

Each of the above data grid commands are discussed below regarding their effects on dataprocessing and/or stereonet appearance.

Plot Type Command: “PlotType”

Format: PlotType = PointsArguments Points, Contours, Combo, Rose Example: PlotType = Points ;plots point marker for data

“Points” will cause all data to be plotted with the current symbol. The pole to planar data will beplotted rather than a great circle. “Contours” causes the stereonet to be plotted using the currentcontouring options. “Combo” will combine “Points” with “Contours”. A “Rose” diagram willgenerate a directional histogram based on the azimuth values of data.

Data Type Command: “DataType”

Format: DataType =QuadPlanesArguments QuadPlanes, QuadLines, DipAzimuths, AzLines, SCplanes, AzPlanes,

RtHandRule, DirAngDegs, DirAngRads, RakeAngles, QuadPaleo, AzPaleo Example: DataType = QuadPlanes

N 45 E 30 E

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Example: DataType = DipAzimuth ;dip angle 1 , then azimuth of true dipst

35 221 Example: DataType = AzPlanes ; strike azimuth followed by dip angle and quadrant

314 50 WExample: DataType = Scplanes ;foreset 1 , top/bottomset 2 both in quadrant planarst nd

N 25 E 40 E N 45 E 52 E Example: DataType = QuadLines

S 50 W 34 Example: DataType = AzLines ;linear data in azimuth & plunge format

210 10 Example: DataType = RtHandRule ;Planar data in right-hand rule format

220 55Example: DataType = DirAngDeg ; alpha, beta, gamma directional angles degrees

0 90 90 Example: DataType = DirAngDeg ; alpha, beta, gamma directional angles radians

0.0 1.5707 1.5707 Example: DataType = RakeAngle ;rake angle, direction (N,S), then plane in quad. format

30 N N 40 E 35 E Example: DataType = QuadPaleo ; Same format as “QuadPlanes” however the true dip

; vector point is plotted rather than the pole N 45 E 30 E Example: DataType = AzPaleo ; same format as “AzPlanes” however the true dip vector

; is plotted rather than the pole314 50 W

Title Command: “Title”

Format: Title = [title of data set] Example: Title = Northern Alabama Piedmont S1

Geometry Override Command: “Geometry” Format: Geometry = GreatCircle Arguments: GreatCircle, PointExample: Geometry = GreatCircle ;data plotted as great circles Default: Point

Radius Command: “Radius”

Format: Radius = {size of radius of stereonet in inches or centimeters} Example: Radius = 3.5 ;sets radius equal to 3.5 current units

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Projection Settings: “Projection”

Format: Projection = EqualArea Arguments: EqualArea, EqualAngleExample: Projection = EqualAngle ;sets projection to equal angle type (Wulff)

Symbol type: “Symbol”

Format: Symbol = [name of symbol] Arguments: Square, Triangle, Diamond, Circle, Cross, Square_F ,Triangle_F, Star_F,

Square_H, Triangle_H, Circle_F, Cross_F, Error_Bar, Diamond_F, Sinistral,Dextral, Neutral, ThinCross

Example: Symbol = Circle-F ; symbol is a filled circle

Color Override Command: “Color”

Format: Color = [color name] or [hexadecimal RGBformat: $00RRGGBB]Argument: Black, Blue, Green, Cyan, Red, Magenta, Brown, LtGray, DarkGray, LtBlue,

LtGreen, LtCyan, LtRed, LtMagenta, Yellow, White, $00RRGGBB Example: Color = LtBlue ; data below command are plotted in light blue color Default: Black Format: Color = $00RRGGBB (hexadecimal format where RR=red component,

GG=green, BB=blue) Example Color = $0000FF00 Result all subsequent data is drawn in maximum intensity green (255 decimal) Example Color = $00080808 Result all subsequent data is drawn in a medium-intensity gray (RGB components are

equal)

Units Settings: “Units”

Format: Units = Inches Arguments: Inches, CentimetersExample: Units = Centimeters ;units of measurement are set to centimeters

Stat Override Command: “Stat”

Format: Stat = On Arguments: On, OffExample: Stat = OFF ; data below are not considered in statistics calculations until the

Stat=Off command is encountered.

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Default: On

Statistical Fit Command: “StatsFit”

Format: StatsFit = CylindricalArgument: None, Cylindrical, Conical Example: StatsFit = Vector ; statistical least-squares vector is calculated Example: StatsFit = Cylindrical ; least-squares cylindrical geometry (great circle) calculated Example: StatsFit = Conical ; least-squares conical geometry (small circle) calculated Default: None

Eigen Vector Command: “EigenVect”

Format: EigenVect = ON,OFF Argument: On, OffExample EigenVect = ON ; eigen vector values and points are plotted on diagram

Counting Nodes Commands: “CountNodes”

Format: CountNodes = OnArguments: On, Off Example: CountNodes = ON ;count nodes plot on diagram

Counting Mode Command: “PlotNodeMode”

Format: PlotNodeMode = PlotNodePercentArguments: PlotNodePercent, PlotNodeRawExample: PlotNodeMode = PlotRaw ;plots number of data plotting around the counting

node as a raw number

NOTE: If "N" is the total number of data, and "X" the number of data falling within the criticalangle region around the counting node, the percent value plotted would be X/N*100, whereaswith the raw mode it would be X.

Node Counting Model Command: “CountModel”

Format: CountModel = Gaussian Argument: Summation, Gaussian, KambExample: CountModel = Gaussian; count nodes accumulate values using gaussian

smoothing function NOTE: Gaussian is the default and generally yields the best contour results.

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Shading Command: “Shading”

Format: Shading = On Arguments: On, OffExample: Shading = ON ;shading of percent concentration is turned on

Contour level value Command: “ContLevel?”

Format: ContLevel? = [numeric value]Arguments: A numeric floating point value for the contour level Example: ContLevel5 = 7.76 ; sets contour level 5 equal to 7.76% Note: The "?" above ranges from 1 to 9 for the nine contour levels

Shade level color value Command: “ShadeValue?”

Format: ShadeValue? = [hexadecimal value] Arguments: a hexadecimal value in the format $00RRGGBB Example: ShadeValue5 = $00DD2299 ;sets shade level 5 color to $00DD2299 Note: The hexadecimal color value is decoded as $00RRGGBB where RR,GG, and BB

are the red, green, and blue intensity chanels respectively, and may range$00-$FF.

Plot/Print Radius & Units Values Command: “PlotRadUnits”

Format: PlotRadUnits = OnArguments: On, OffExample: PlotRadUnits = ON ;units & radius values plotted in lower left corner

Plot/Print Number of Data Legend Command: “NumDataLgnd”

Format: NumDataLgnd = OnArguments: On, OffExample: NumDataLgnd = On ;causes number of data to be plotted at center bottom

Turn on plotting/printing of stereographic grid Command: “StereoGrid”

Format: StereoGrid = OnArguments: On, OffExample: StereoGrid = On ; stereographic grid plots as a background on diagram

Plot/Print azimuth text labels Command: “PlotAzTextLabels”

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Format: PlotAzTextLabels = On Arguments: On, OffExample: PlotAzTextLabels = On ; turns on plotting of azimuth mark labels on primitive

Plot/Print azimuth tic marks Command: “PlotAzTics”

Format: PlotAzTics = OnArguments: On, OffExample: PlotAzTics = On; turns on the plotting of 10 degree azimuth tic marks on

primitive

Printer Margins Command: “PrintMargins”

Format: PrintMargins = OnArguments: On, OffExample: PrintMargins = OFF ;printer margins are not plotted on video screen

User defined Command: “User”

Format: User = user defined command Arguments: {see descriptions below}Example: User = GreatCircle S 29 W 34 Green 0.05 ; draws a great circle about S29W,34

pole

Data Format Details

There are specific data formats for each of the defined DataType arguments. The data that followthe below keyword in the data file must match the indicated format until another DataTypecommand is encountered. Below are the data format descriptions:

Quadrant Planar: QuadPlanesFormat: N [quadrant strike angle] [quadrant E-W strike direction] [dip angle] [dip angledirection] Quadrant Linear: QuadLinesFormat: [quadrant N-S direction] [qudrant strike angle] [quad. E-W dir [plunge angle] Dip and Dip Azimuth: DipAzimuthsFormat: [dip angle] [dip azimuth] S/C Slip Vector: SCplanesFormat: [quadrant planar attitude for S surface] [quadrant planar attitude for C surface] Azimuth Linear: AzLinesFormat: [azimuth angle] [plunge angle]

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Azimuth Planar: AzPlanesFormat: [azimuth angle] [dip angle] [dip angle E-W direction] Right-hand Rule: RtHandRuleFormat: [azimuth angle] [dip angle]NOTE: the angle must be specified so that the dip incline is on the right-hand side of the azimuthwhen observed in the azimuth direction. The azimuth therefore may fall in any quadrantincluding the southeast (90-180) or southwest (180-270).Directional Angles Degrees: DirAngDegsFormat: [alpha directional angle] [beta directional angle] [gamma directional angle] Directional Angles Radians: DirAngRadsFormat:[alpha radian directional angle] [beta radian directional angle] [gamma radian directionalangle] Rake Angle: RakeAnglesFormat: [rake angle] [N-S direction] [planar quadrant strike & dip as described above] Paleocurrent Quadrant: QuadPaleoFormat: N [quadrant strike angle] [quadrant E-W strike direction] [dip angle] [dip angledirection]NOTE: this is the same format as “QuadPlanes” however the true dip vector will be plotted as apoint rather than the pole. This is useful when analyzing crossbedding data.Paleocurrent Azimuth: AzPaleoFormat: [azimuth angle] [dip angle] [dip angle E-W direction]NOTE: this is the same format as “AzPlanes” however the true dip vector will be plotted as apoint rather than the pole. This is useful when analyzing crossbedding data.

In the above format descriptions all angles are in degrees unless otherwise noted. For itemsspecified as [quadrant N-S direction] the letter "N" or "S" should be used. For [quadrant E-W diruse a "E" or "W". Note that there must be at least one blank space or tab character between anyformat item. Viewing the example data files in this help document will clarify the usage of theabove data formats and header commands.

Symbol Override Argument Format: Symbol = Square, Triangle, Diamond, Circle, Cross, Square-F, Triangle-F, Star-F,Square-H, Triangle-H, Circle-F, Cross-F, Error-Bar, Diamond-F, Sinistral, Dextral, Neutral

Example: Symbol = Cross; data below plotted with an open cross symbol Example: Symbol = Circle-F; data plotted with filled circle Default: Circle-F

User-defined elements can be embedded in the data section to annotate the stereonet plot. Theseelements are always ignored by the program during statistical analysis no matter where theyappear in the data section. In addition, rotation does not affect the plotted position of user-defined

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elements. Therefore, these elements should generally be the last items inserted in to the datasection when experimenting with rotations. The user has the option to embed any user-definedelements into the data grid before exiting the program via the "insert user elements" menu orbutton. These user commands are always appended at the end (bottom) of the data grid. The nexttime that the file is loaded, the user commands will be scanned by the program to create the sameelements.

User-defined Geometry Annotations

There is only one keyword for a user-defined geometry element- “user”. In the below formatdescriptions, the parameters in the braces are arguments for the “user” command that specify thegeometry type for the annotation. The format for this command is:

user = [Text, TextXY, Point, PointXY, GreatCircle, SmallCircle, Arc, ArcVect]

Annotation Geometry Types

• Text

Format: user = text [quad. linear attitude] [size proportion] [color] [horz. align.] [vert.align.] [text string]

Example: user = text N 45 E 20 0.050 Magenta center baseline Fold HingeResult: above command plots a magenta text string "Fold Hinge" centered and base-lined

at N30E, 23 with a text height equal to 0.05 that of the radius.

• TextXY Format: user = textXY [x coord] [y coord] [size proportion] [color] [horz. align.] [vert.

align.] [text string] Example: user = textXY -2.5 4.0 0.075 Black left top S1 Foliation Result: above command plots the string "S1 Foliation" in black left-justified and

top-justified on the coordinate -2.5,4.0 with a character height = 0.075 * Radius.

• Point Format: user = point [quad. linear attitude] [symbol name] [symbol proportion] [color]

[horz. align.] [label position] [label] Example: user = point S 45 W 25 Circle-F 0.05 Red left above Lineation Result: above command would plot a filled red circle at bearing S45W, plunge 25, sized

at 0.05 times the radius of the net with a label of “Lineation” left-justified abovethe point.

• PointXY

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Format: user = pointXY [x coord] [y coord] [symbol name] [label prop] [color] [horz.align.] [label position] [label]

Example: user = pointXY -2.5 4.2 Circle-F 0.075 Yellow center below S1 Foliation Symbol Result: above command plots a yellow filled circle at location = -2.5,4.2, at size =

0.075*Radius, with the label "S1 Foliation Symbol" centered below the markersymbol position.

• GreatCircle Format: user = GreatCircle [quad. linear attitude] [color] [linewidth] Example: user = GreatCircle S 60 E 70 blue 0.05 Result: above command would draw a blue great circle with pole at S60E bearing and 70

plunge with line width 0.05 units.

• SmallCircle Format: user = SmallCircle [quad. linear attitude] [apical angle] [color] [linewidth] Example: user = SmallCircle N 20 W 20 70 magenta 0.05 Result: above command would plot a magenta small circle trace with axis of N20W

bearing and 70 plunge with line width of 0.05 units.

• Arc Format: user = Arc [axis quad. linear attitude] [start quad. linear attitude] [angle] [steps]

[color] [linewidth] Example: user = Arc N 63 E 38 S 62 E 46 75.0 75 cyan 0.05 Result: plots cyan arc with axis at N63E,38; start point of S62E,46; and a circular arc of

75 degrees with 75 increment steps using a line width of 0.05 units and cyancolor.

• ArcVect Format: user = ArcVect [axis directional components (3 values)] [start dir. components]

[angle degrees] [steps] [color] [linewidth] Example: user = ArcVect 0.7021 0.3577 0.6157 0.6133 -0.3261 0.7193 221.0 221 CYAN

0.05 Result: above command plots a 221 degree geometric arc with cone axis at first set of

directional components and starting at the second set of directional componentsusing a cyan color using a line width of 0.05 units.

For Arc or ArcVect commands the geometry is determined by the angle between the axis and thestart point. If the start point is 90 degrees from the axis, the arc will be a great circle, otherwise itwill be a small circle with apical angle equal to that angle. Note that any of the color values foruser-defined commands may be either a color name string (black to white), or a hexadecimalRGB value ($00RRGGBB).

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Examples of valid data files

Note that items right of a ";" are ignored by the application. The data, identification, and notesare separated by a <tab> character as indicated below. Older versions of NETPROG usedcommas.

;Data and Data commands appear in the Data Grid window PlotType = Points <tab><tab>DataType = QuadLines<tab><tab> Title = Linear Data Cluster<tab><tab> color = Yellow<tab><tab> ;color indicated as a name symbol = Circle-F<tab><tab> S 40 W 39<tab>RA01<tab> qt. min. lineation ;data, ID, note delimited by <tab> S 36 W 47<tab> RA-02<tab> hbl. mineral lineation S 29 W 50<tab> RA-03<tab> bi. mineral lineation ; blank lines are ignored S 44 W 29<tab> RA-04<tab> intersection lineation S0/S1 S 36 W 33<tab>RA04A<tab>q.lin.; data does not need to be aligned in columns S 34 W 41<tab> RA-05<tab> S 28 W 43<tab> RA-06<tab> S 17 W 50<tab><tab>; I.D. and notes are optional S 25 W 25<tab> RA-10<tab> q. mineral lineation ;user-defined elements appear in the annotation grid windowuser = TextXY -2.5 4.2 0.05 Brown center baseline L1 Lineation<tab><tab> user = GreatCircle S 29 W 34 Green 0.05<tab><tab> user = SmallCircle S 29 W 34 20 Blue 0.05<tab><tab> user = Point S 30 E 45 Square-F 0.05 Red center above User-Vector<tab><tab> user = Arc n 63 e 38 s 62 e 46 n 12 e 35 cyan 0.05<tab><tab> user = Arc n 63 e 38 n 35 w 8 s 4 e 22 magenta 0.05<tab><tab> DataType = DirAngDeg ; change to a different data format<tab><tab> stat=off ;below data not included in statistics<tab><tab> color = $000000FF ; color indicated in hexadecimal $00RRGGBB<tab><tab> symbol = Cross-F<tab><tab> Geometry = GreatCircle<tab><tab> ; plot below data as great circle geometry 92.06 109.78 19.89<tab><tab> ;3 directional angles 82.14 106.86 18.70<tab><tab> 97.96 111.73 23.28<tab><tab>

108.87 118.66 35.34<tab><tab>

The Data Grid Editor

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Figure 4: Example of the Data grid editor window.

Unlike previous versions ofNETPROG, the current versioncontains an internal data grid editorthat functions much like currentspreadsheet applications: thewindow into which data elementsare entered is divided into rows andcolumns of "cells". In each cell aspecific data item is entered.Although it is certainly possible tocreate a data file with an externaltext editor, I believe that you willfind that the advantages offered bythe data grid editor make it worthlearning.

Activating the Data GridEditor

By default NETPROG does not display the data grid editor, therefore, when you start NETPROGthe editor will be hidden from view. To "see" the grid, select the menu sequence "View > DataGrid" from the main NETPROG menu (Figure 4). You can move the grid window about bydragging the title bar. You may also re-size the grid editor window by "grabbing" and draggingthe corners, however, the size of the grid in the window remains constant. You can collapse thewindow into an icon with the minimize button in the upper right portion of the window.

Data Grid Layout

The data grid editor has a relatively standard layout for windows applications (see Figure 4).Data is entered into the “white” cells in the central portion of the window. The current cell ishighlighted by a dark background, usually dark blue or green. At the top of the grid window, justbelow the title bar is the menu bar. From the menu bar you can choose commands thataccomplish a specific task, such as saving the contents of the grid editor to a file. Below themenu bar is a "button" bar consisting of a variety of buttons painted with icons. The buttonsreplicate commands that are selected often from the menu. The button bar commands accomplishthe same tasks as their menu equivalents, but are more convenient to select. Therefore, the buttonbar commands are the most commonly used commands. In addition to the button icons, severallist boxes occur on the button bar. These allow the user to select commonly needed data gridcommands without having to type the full command, therefore, avoiding typing errors. Below thethe data grid is a button that provides a link to the NETPROG help file. You should note that the

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three column widths are re-sizable by dragging the dividers between columns. As the data gridgrows in width or length scroll bars will automatically appear below and to the right of the grid.

Entering Data into the Data Grid

The current cell in the grid editor is highlighted by reversing the background color. As you movethe cursor different cells are highlighted. If a highlighted cell is blank and you wish to type datainto the cell just start typing and end your entry by pressing the <enter> key. If you move thecursor past the last row, a new row will be automatically added to the grid. Note that dataorientations or commands are entered into the 1st column, data identification codes are enteredinto the 2nd column, and comments about the observation are entered into the 3rd column. If youhighlight a cell that already contains data, and you begin typing, the contents of the cell areerased when you type the first character. If you need to edit the data already in the cell, highlightthe cell and press <F2>.

Using the Data Grid Editor Menu

The following menu options are part of the data grid editor menu system that is separate from themain window menu. The following menu options are discussed in the order they appear in themenu system:

Insert row: this menu selection inserts a blank row at the current cursor position.

Delete row: this menu selection deletes the entire row at the current cursor position.

Cut cell: deletes the current cell contents and copies it to system clipboard. This is usefulfor moving cell contents around within the data grid.

Copy cell: copies the current cell contents to the system clipboard. This is useful whencopying cell contents from within the data grid.

Paste cell: pastes the clipboard contents into the current cell. This is useful when copyingcell contents from within the data grid.

Cut rows: cuts the currently selected cells/rows to the system clipboard. The user shouldselect the rows by holding down the <shift> key and moving the cursor with the arrowkeys, or dragging the mouse to highlight a block of cells. This command is usually usedto re-order rows within the data grid.

Copy rows: copies the currently selected cells/rows to the system clipboard. The usershould select the rows by holding down the <shift> key and moving the cursor with the

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arrow keys, or dragging the mouse to highlight a block of cells. This command is usuallyused to re-order rows within the data grid.

Paste rows: pastes the clipboard contents beginning at the current cursor position in thedata grid. This is generally used to paste the results of a database/spreadsheet query to thedata grid. It is up to the user to have previously copied to the clipboard a three-column byn-rows block of cells that have attitude, ID, and comment data respectively arranged incolumns.

Insert settings: inserts the current graphical diagram settings (data type, plot type, radiusvalue, projection, etc.) from memory into the top of the data grid. This preserves thecurrent settings when the data grid information and data is saved to a disk file. The usershould be sure that diagram settings are complete before choosing this command.

Delete settings: deletes all settings commands (radius value, title, data type, plot type,etc.) from the current data grid.

Entering Data Grid Commands

There are a variety of commands that you may need to enter into the first column to control, forexample, the type of data format of plot type. You may enter these commands the same way asdata: cursor to the cell and begin typing. However, using the drop-down lists discussed below isgenerally much easier than typing commands from scratch.

Using the Button Bar and Drop-down Lists

The buttons on the button bar allow one-click access to commonly used menu commands. Thecommands do not operate differently than the menu equivalents, however, they are moreaccessible via the buttons. The button bar includes (see buttons in Figure 4):

• Plot data in grid (double arrow icon)

• Read file into data grid (yellow file folder icon)

• Save data grid to file (disk icon)

• Insert a blank row at the current position in the grid (double line over the "+" symbol)

• Delete a row at the current position in the grid (double line over the "-" symbol)

• Copy current cell to the system clipboard (two text pages icon)

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• Paste clipboard contents into cell at current position (Clipboard and text page icon)

• Cut selected cell to the system clipboard (Scissors icon)

• Insert a data color command using the system color dialog menu (Color bar icon)

The drop-down list boxes that appear in the data grid window allow error-free insertion ofcommon data grid commands. The left box lists the commands, whereas the right box lists thematching arguments to the command. For example, if the command list is set to "PlotType", thearguments list box will contain "Points","Contours","Combo", and "Rose" as the possiblematching arguments. If you selected the "Combo" argument, and then click on the "Ins Cmnd"button, the full command ("PlotType=Combo") is inserted at the current cell position. Of course,you could just type in the command and argument, however, using the insert command buttoneliminates typographical errors that may be hard to find in a complex data file.

The button labeled "Ins Settings" will automatically insert all of the possible command settingsinto the top of the data grid. You should first delete all commands before using this buttonbecause the old commands, being after the new ones, will override the new commands. The bestway to use this feature is to first type in the data with only a few commands entered to set the plottype and data format. Then use the menus to set the diagrams appearance as desired, and theninsert those settings with the "Ins Settings" button. If you save to disk, the next time the file isloaded into the grid and plotted, it will appear exactly as it did when the commands were insertedinto the grid. You should note that the data grid "Edit" menu contains an option that will deleteall commands in the data file if necessary. This will save you from having to delete themone-by-one if you need to re-insert all of the command settings.

The user should note that a data command remains in effect until overridden by the samecommand later (i.e. higher row number) in the data grid. It is very easy to accidentally insertmore than one data command in the data grid. This situation can lead to confusing results in thediagram. If inconsistent results are being obtained the best course of action is to scan the datagrid for multiple commands of the same type. An alternative solution is to use the “Deletesettings” to strip out all data commands, then check the menu settings to make sure the currentsettings are correctly defined, and then choose “Insert settings” to re-insert the data gridcommands.

The fact that NETPROG scans the data grid for re-definitions of the data commands allows theuser to mix data types. For example, suppose that the user wishes to plot bedding and stretch-pebble lineations from a study area. From field relations it is suspected that the bedding is foldedby a megascopic cylindrical fold, and that pebble lineations are coaxial with the hinge of the fold.Therefore, it would be logical to plot the bedding and lineations on the same diagram to testwhether or not the lineations are statistically coaxial to the megascopic hinge. The following data

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grid would accomplish this task:

PlotType = pointsDatatype = AzplanesStat=onStatsFit=Cylindrical312 33 E322 38 E319 55 W..Stat = offDataType = Azlines150 23147 25155 29..

Note the re-definition of the “DataType” between the bedding and pebble lineation data. Also,the bedding data is bracketed by the “Stat=on” and “Stat=off” commands so that only thebedding data is considered for the least-squares cylindrical fold hinge statistical fit.

Selecting the “Color” item from the command drop-down list will allow the user to choose froma list of named colors. The named colors are listed below:

BLACK, RED, MAGENTA, BROWN, LTGRAY, DARKGRAY, LTBLUE, LTGREEN, LTCYAN, LTRED, LTMAGENTA, YELLOW, WHITE

Selection of one of the above colors makes that selection the default data color. If the commandkeyword “Color” is selected from the command drop-down list box (see Figure 4) in the Datagrid child window, the default color will appear as the color command argument. Inserting the“Color” command will place the color command and argument at the current row in the Data gridwindow. All data encountered below the command will be this color. In this way differentsubsets of data can have different colors on the same stereonet diagram.

If the current settings are inserted into the data grid, the “color=” command will be inserted(along with all other commands) at the top of the file and will affect all data encountered belowthe color command until another color command is encountered during processing.

The system color button (see “color” button in Figure 4) allows the user to select a color from

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Figure 5: Annotation grid editor window.

among any possible color values supported by the windows environment. The color value setting,if inserted into the data grid, will be in the form of a hexadecimal value ($00RRGGBB).

The Annotation Grid

The annotation grid editor is new in this version of NETPROG (5.1) and represents a significantimprovement over previous versions in terms of managing user-defined annotations. Figure 5contains a screen image of the annotation grid with several example annotations entered into thegrid. Each user-defined annotation geometry is automatically inserted as a row in the annotationgrid when the user generates an annotation. The information used to draw the geometry iscontained in the 1 column, a keyword indicating the geometry type is inserted in the 2 column,st nd

and the 3 column remains blank unless the geometric element is selected by the user, in whichrd

case the word “selected” appears in the 3 column to identify selected items. To activate therd

annotation grid editor select “View” > “Annotations Grid” from the main window menu. Use theup/down cursor arrows or mouse pointer to move from row-to-row within the annotation grideditor.

Menu commands to generateuser-defined annotations thatare inserted into theannotation grid include all ofthe “Draw” menu selections(Text, Great Circle, SmallCircle, Great Circle Arc,Small Circle Arc, Marker),and all of the “Solve” menuselections except the “Anglebetween lines” and “RotateData”. The “Angle betweenlines” option simplycalculates an angle (less than180) in degrees betweentwo selected lines, whereasthe “Rotate data” optionrotates the entire data gridset around a selected linear axis.

When annotation elements are in the annotation grid rows you cannot edit them manually withinthe cell, however, when the annotation grid has the focus you can double click on a highlightedrow to activate the annotation modification window. This window allows the user to modify all

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parameters associated with an annotation including its orientation on the stereonet. The usershould note that you can edit an annotation element from the main NETPROG window byselecting the element with a right-click, and then double-left-clicking on the element in the mainwindow (see discussion of “mouse” behavior below). The <F2> key will also automatically openthe current row in a modify annotation window. If two annotation elements are directly on top ofeach other on the main window diagram the most recently drawn element will always be selectedwith the double-left-click method in the main window. The user will need to use the annotationgrid to correctly select the annotation in this situation.

Annotation Grid Editor Menu

The annotation grid window contains its own menu system for menu commands that areappropriate for that window. Below is a list of those menu selections and how they may be used:

Select: this menu selection will cause the current row in the annotation editor to behighlighted. You will see the word “<selected>” appear in the right column when theannotation element is selected. Choosing this menu item when the row is already selectedwill toggle it to the non-selected status.

Select All: this menu selection causes all current annotations to be selected.

Move Selected: selecting this option with annotations elements selected allows the userto shift the position of all selected elements with the mouse. The mouse pointer willchange to a “hand” pointer during the move operation. Holding down the left button willdefine an anchor point. While holding down the left button, shifting the mouse pointerwill draw a “rubber-band” line indicating the “shift vector” of the move operation.Releasing the left-button will shift all selected elements with a direction and magnitudeequal to the rubber-band vector. If a snap grid is selected, the move will be affected by thesnap increment.

Delete Selected: this menu option will delete all selected elements from the annotationgrid.

Clear Selected: this menu option will de-select any currently selected annotationelements. A verification dialog will confirm that selections should be cleared.

The annotation grid editor window contains a series of buttons on the button bar that accomplishoften-used tasks in the annotation menu system. From left-to-right there are 3 active buttons:

Process Data button: (green opposite-facing arrows) will process the data in the datagrid and annotation grid editor windows and plots the result on the stereonet diagram

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main window. Clicking on this button is functionally equivalent to the “File” > “ProcessData” menu selection from the annotation grid window.

Open File button: (yellow folder type icon) clicking on this button will abandon all datain the current data/annotation grid editors and load the disk file indicated by the user.

Save File button: (disk type icon) selection of this button will save the contents of thedata and annotation grid to a disk file. The data grid information is written first, followedby the annotation grid information in the disk file. The text file will have a “.TXT”extension.

When the file save option is selected in NETPROG the information contained in the data grideditor is written to a text file followed by the information in the annotation editor. While it iscertainly possible to open a NETPROG data file into a text editor an manually add data orannotations, this is not recommended because no error-checking can be done on the informationas it is added to the file.

The user should note that information in the data and annotation grid windows may visuallyproduce similar graphical results, however, the application treats the information in eachrespective grids very differently. For example, the attitude of bedding may be added to the datagrid and plotted as great circles. The same planar attitudes could also be entered into theannotation grid to produce exactly the same great circles. However, if for example 100 beddingreadings were entered and the user wished to contour the data to help define a fold pattern, thiswould be easily accomplished if the data were in the data grid, but impossible if in the annotationgrid. In other words, no information in the annotation grid can be analyzed statistically (i.e.contoured, least-squares cylindrical fit, etc.).

NETPROG files

Below is a list of the various files that come with the “NET.EXE” archive file, and a briefdescription of each:

• NETPROG.exe: the NETPROG executable file for plotting and analyzing structure data

• Netprog_help.pdf: the help file for NETPROG (Adobe PDF format)

• vector.txt: example data file that contains a tight mineral lineation cluster

• cylinder.txt: example data file that contains bedding affected by cylindrical fold

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• conical.txt: example data file that contains bedding data affected by conical fold

The below is a list and description of files that may be produced by NETPROG under certaincircumstances:

• NETPROG.ini: initialization file for NETPROG created automatically in the windowsfolder.

Using the mouse with NETPROG

The NETPROG program uses the windows pointing device in the following manner:

• Pointing device motion dynamically updates the cursor position status (origin is thecenter of the net). The X and Y coordinates are reported in either inches or centimeters in thecursor status panel (lower left). The position of the cursor is also updated as an attitudedepending on the setting for the cursor format. To the right of this panel is the current anchorposition, in the default cursor format. The anchor is always the most recent "left click" positionof the mouse.

• Clicking the right mouse button will toggle the selection of the nearest user-definedgeometric element, if any are defined. If the nearest element is not selected, it is "highlighted" ina gray color. If the nearest element is already highlighted it will be toggled "off" - i.e. it goes backto its unselected color. If the selection mode is switched from "user" to "data" mode, the nearestdata point is selected and a window with information specific to that data point will pop up. Notethat user geometry elements such as great circles and arcs are selected on the basis of the nearestpole (great circle) or cone axis (small circle) position.

• Clicking and holding down the left mouse button after the “move selected” menu item inthe annotation grid window is selected will cause a "rubber-band" line to be dynamically plottedon the screen as the mouse position is changed. The cursor will also change from the arrow to a“pointing hand” when pan mode is on. You should think of this rubber-band line as a vector ofdisplacement. If you release the left mouse button, the currently selected items will be shifted inthe direction indicated by the length and direction of the rubber-band line. After the panoperation is complete, the mouse cursor goes back to the normal arrow pointer shape.

• The left-click anchor is a position on the stereonet that is remembered by the program. Ifyou then access one of the draw menu items, this "locked-in" position or anchor will be thedefault position for the new user-defined annotation geometry. You will always be able to type inspecific attitudes in the dialog windows if so desired. Clicking the left mouse button also prints a"blip" mark that is a small cross on the screen. This is for reference only- the next time a redraw

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is done these will vanish. If the object snap mode is turned on through the “Edit” > “SelectionMode” a left-click that is close to an existing object will cause a “snap” to that object. The snapposition is indicated by a red cross. This position is used as the anchor. This is useful forprecisely drawing new objects relative to existing annotation objects.

• A double-click of the left mouse button when an object is selected (default is gray color)will allow the editing of user-defined annotation objects such as text or symbols. If the selectionmode is for data objects, a window describing the properties of the selected object will display,however, you cannot directly edit data objects (do this in the data grid window). If multipleobjects are selected, the closest object to the double-click position will be chosen. If the childannotation grid window is active, a double-click of the left mouse button will edit the currentlyhighlighted row.

• When the annotation grid window is displayed highlighting and double-clicking on aannotation row will allow editing of that object.

Working with data stored in other applications

NETPROG can work with data stored in other applications if the application can save data to theWindows system clipboard, meaning that the data, identification, and notes entities are selectedwith the pointing device and/or clipboard, and then the "Edit > Copy" menu option is selected.The Windows system clipboard is simply a memory area maintained by the operating systemwhere the data is stored as text with each item on a single line separated by a <tab> character.The application being used must be able to arrange the data/command, identification, and notesinto respective 1st, 2nd, and 3rd columns. This is generally very easy to accomplish withspreadsheets or database applications. Below are import steps using several exampleapplications:

Microsoft Office Access

STEP 1: A query is designed so that the structure data, station label, and station notes appear inthe answer table in three separate columns. See the Access documentation for informationregarding designing and executing queries. An example Access database containing data and pre-defined queries will be used in this example. Figure 6 displays the query example.

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Figure 6: Access query definition for generating aNETPROG clipboard file.

Figure 7: Query results table with 1 three columnsst

selected.

STEP 2: Figure 7 contains a querytable generated by the Figure 6Access query. The 1 three columnsst

of data in the query table are"highlighted" by left-clicking anddragging the mouse over the columnheadings.

STEP 3: Select the menu sequence"Edit > Copy". This copies selecteddata to the system clipboard. Youcan now copy this data to any otherapplication that contains a menusequence "Edit > Paste".

STEP 4: Start the NETPROG program and activate the data grid window with "View > DataGrid". Place the cursor in the first column titled "Data/Command". Select the menu sequence"Edit > Paste". You will now see the data copied from the system clipboard appear in theNETPROG data grid editor window as displayed in Figure 8. Note that the table headers are alsopasted into the data grid- the 1 column would need to be deleted or turned into a comment withst

a leading “;” before processing with NETPROG.

Excel

STEP 1: Type data into the firstthree columns of the spreadsheet,Data/commands in the 1st, StationI.D. in the 2nd, and Station notes inthe third. With the pointing deviceor keyboard mark all of the data.

STEP 2: Highlight the three datacolumns and then select "Edit >Copy" to copy the data to the systemclipboard. The data is now ready topaste into NETPROG, or any otherwindows application for that matter.

STEP 3: Start the NETPROG program and activate the data grid window "View > Data Grid".Place the cursor in the first column titled "Data/Command". Select the menu sequence "Edit >Paste". You will now see the data copied from Excel appear in the NETPROG data grid editor

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Figure 8: Example of clipboard data pasted into theNETPROG data grid editor.

Figure 9: Example of the Open File dialog.

Figure 10: Example of the File Save dialog.

window.

Menu Commands

Menu commands are accessed byleft-clicking on the main menu bar.These commands can also beactivated via keystrokes with the<Alt>+ underlined letter combo asis typical in Windows applications.For example the <Alt>+”f”keystroke combo from the mainapplication window will activate the“File” menu. Press <Esc> to backout of the menu selection from thekeyboard.

File Menu

The file menu contains commands that either open an existing file or save the current contents ofapplication memory to a disk file. You can also exit the program through this menu.

Initializing for a new stereonet plot

Selecting the “New” menu itemfrom the file menu will prepare theprogram for plotting a new stereonetdiagram. Any user-defined elementsare cleared when this item isselected. Use this selection whenyou have completed plotting astereonet, and now wish to clearmemory for a new data set anddiagram.

Opening a data file

Selecting the “Open” data file itemfrom the file menu enables the userto indicate a disk file name that

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Figure 11: Example of the Print dialog.

NETPROG will load into the data grid editor. The user will see a standard Windows file opendialog list box (Figure 9) that allows the selection of a file name. You will also be free totraverse the subdirectory tree of your hard disk or network, so feel free to organize data intosubdirectories by project. The data file must conform to several data file rules so that NETPROGcan recognize the data. You may use any text editor that leaves the file in ASCII form forcreating data files, however, NETPROG has its own very capable data grid editor. Please see thedata file format for data and commands that can be entered in the data file.

Saving a data file

Selecting the save file item from the file menu (Figure 10) will save the current diagram to adisk file in text format. The default name of the saved data file is the same name as the originalopened file. If you wish, the file save dialog will allow you to save the current diagram under adifferent name. Because the data file editor native to NETPROG consists of three columns, thedata file saved will contain three items per data line separated by commas. For more informationregarding the data file format refer to data file formatting.

Printing the stereonet diagram

Selecting the print option from the file menu activates the print dialog (Figure 11) that prints thecurrent diagram to the default windowsprinter. If you have several output devicesconnected to your system you must use thewindows control panel to make theintended output device the default windowsprinter. See your windows documentationfor more information on the control panelapplet. NETPROG is designed to printdiagrams in a "portrait" orientation. Youroutput will look best if the printer driver isset to portrait mode (long dimension ofmedia parallel to y axis).

The “About NETPROG” menu item

Selecting the about item from the file menu will present the user with information about theNETPROG program which includes (Figure 12):

• program version number• author's e-mail address• copyright notice

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Figure 12: The “About” dialog

The “Exit” menu item in the File menu

Selecting the exit item from the file menu willterminate the NETPROG program. This is thenormal way that you should stop the NETPROGprogram. If NETPROG has detected changes to thefile in the data grid editor, you will be prompted toindicate whether or not you wish to save the gridcontents to file.

Edit Menu

The “Edit” menu contains commands formanipulating the main graphical diagram in memory for copying to the system clipboard. Theimage may be used in other applications at a later time. The title may also be edited, and theselection mode and object snap mode may be accessed through this menu.

Copying the diagram to the windows clipboard in enhanced metafile format

Selecting the edit > to clipboard(EMF) menu item will copy the current window contents to thewindows clipboard. This allows the diagram to be inserted into other applications with a pastecommand from their edit menu. For more information see your windows documentationconcerning the clipboard and the clipboard viewer. The diagram is exported to the clipboard inan enhanced metafile format, therefore, other applications can freely re-size the diagram withoutany loss of resolution or "pixelation" effect if they can retain this graphic format. If yourapplication inserts the diagram as a bit map resolution will be lost by pixelation. All "paint"programs will have this problem, however, the author has had excellent results with thevector-based application Micrografx Designer. Many word processing applications such asWordPerfect work well with the EMF format.

Copy the diagram to the clipboard in bitmap format

Selecting the Edit > to clipboard(BMP) menu item will copy the current diagram to the windowssystem clipboard in a bit-map format (BMP). The advantage of this format is that it is wellsupported by many application programs. The disadvantage of this format is that the resolutionand color depth of resulting image is dependent on the resolution and color depth of the videohardware upon which it was created. This may produce less than satisfactory results when printedon high-resolution output devices, or when the image is scaled up or down significantly.

Indicating the current selection mode

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Figure 13: Object selection mode dialog.

Selecting the “Edit > Selection mode” menu item willset the current selection mode, either for “annotationelements” or for “data elements”. If annotationelements are set as the current mode, right-clicking onan annotation geometry will highlight that elementwith the current highlight color. Any highlightedobjects can then be erased via the Annotation window“Edit > Delete” selected command.

Choosing the “Select data points” selection modemeans that a right-click will pop up a windowcontaining information specific to that data point, suchas sample number or notes entered about the sample.You can only pick data elements one at a time. Theright-click must be within the object snap threshold for the data object to be selected. After theselection grid window is displayed, the data element will be highlighted and can be used as anselection anchor for a subsequent “Solve” menu command.

Whether the selection mode is set to annotation or data objects, if the “Snap to objects” checkbox is unchecked, left-clicks by the mouse will set the anchor position at the cursor location. Inthat case the position is marked by a small black cross on the main diagram window. If the checkbox is “checked”, then left-clicks of the mouse will mark anchor position with a larger red cross.If the left-click is within the threshold distance of a annotation/data element the red cross will“snap” to the position of the element. In this case there will be a separation between the smallblack and large red crosses. The red cross marks the position of the anchor point for subsequent“Draw” menu commands. In this way the user can precisely annotated the diagram with “Draw”menu elements using pre-existing data/annotation elements. For example, if you need toconstruct a great circle arc through 2 data points, set the selection mode to “data points” inFigure 13, use left-clicks of the mouse to snap to the data points, and then use the “Draw” >“Great Circle Arc” menu command.

Editing the drawing title

Clicking on the Edit > Title menu item will allow the editing of the drawing title to occurinteractively in an edit dialog box. This is most useful for last-minute changes before printing ahard copy. Also you may find this option useful if you are plotting a stereonet grid and you wantno title. Backspacing over the title characters will effectively erase the title. The title changes areautomatically inserted into the data grid editor.

Run Menu

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The “Run” menu contains only the “Process data” menu option discussed below. Use this optionafter adding new data to the data grid window to evaluate the changes to the stereonet diagram.You should also use this after opening an existing data file. The button on the button bar with theforward/backward arrows icon replicates this function.

Processing data in the data grid editor

The Process data menu option activates processing of data in the data grid. NETPROG scans thedata grid for data, commands, user-defined geometry, etc. to assemble the stereonet diagram.Data must be either typed into the data grid editor, or loaded from a disk file into the editorbefore a diagram can be plotted. The size of the data set in the editor is limited only by theoperating system virtual memory so very large data sets can be processed.

Errors in syntax encountered by the program as the data grid is scanned will immediatelyterminate processing of the grid. The row in the data grid that contains the error willautomatically scroll into view with the cursor set in the cell where the error occurred. If the datagrid editor window had been minimized or closed before processing commenced, it will activateto the foreground so that the error cell is visible. Refer to embedding commands in data file forinformation regarding data and command syntax.

Settings Menu

The “Settings” menu contains menu items that control the appearance of the final stereographicdiagram, or the way in which data is processed. Use this menu when these types of parametersneed modification.

Setting the radius value

Selecting the radius item from the settings menu allows you to interactively type in the size of thestereonet radius. The dialog box that is activated will inform you as to the current units, inches orcentimeters. The radius value is used to scale virtually every object of the stereonet plot. Whenexperimenting with this value you should turn on the page preview feature so that you can besure that the plot will fit within the output device print area.

Selecting the counting method for contouring/shading the diagram

Selecting the .(counting method) item from the settings menu allows the user to choose fromamong three different types of counting methods to use for calculating contours:

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• Raw counts per 1% surface area of stereonet

• Gaussian accumulation

• Kamb method

The raw counts method divides the lower hemisphere into 1% surface areas with a counting nodecentered on the subareas. If a data vector falls on the 1% area the node is incremented. With thismethod the counts are usually reported as a percentage of the total number of data, however, youcan contour the raw counts as well. You can set this in the diagram plot type menu item under thesettings menu. This type of counting method produces angular contour patterns with lownumbers of observations, therefore, it is not recommended until the number of data exceed 100.

The Gaussian accumulation has a marked smoothing effect on the contour patterns because itmodifies the raw counts so that the distribution conforms to a "bell-shaped" (Gaussian) curve.The disadvantage is that contours that intersect the primitive may not have a matching contour atthe diametrically opposed point on the primitive. Despite this fact, the Gaussian accumulation isthe default because it produces the smoothest contours, and therefore is usually best at depictingthe concentration trend of data to the human eye. The mathematics of the Gaussian accumulationare:

c=100*EXP(100*(d-1.0)) d = cos(theta)

Theta is the angle between the count node vector and a data vector, and "c" is the calculatedcount value. This equation decreases the weighting of a data vector as the angle theta increases toa maximum of 90 degrees. Although every data point influences each count node to some extent,the weighting decreases rapidly with angular distance from the count node. This is fundamentallydifferent from the raw count mode where the count node is incremented only if a data vector fallswithin some critical angle of the count node vector (i.e. a 1% area).

The Kamb method is designed to produce smooth contours with small data sets. The methoddoes this by adjusting the number of counting nodes so that there is no large "jump" inaccumulated count values between adjacent nodes. This works well if the data are contoured by ahuman hand, however, this does not work so well in a computer application because a relativelydense grid is needed to smooth the contours without resorting to artificial smoothing algorithmssuch as spline curves between contour line segments. Therefore, unless the data set is large theKamb method suffers from irregular and angular contour lines. If you must compare your data setto stereonets contoured by the Kamb method, you may need to use this method so it thereforeprovided. The author continues to investigate the Kamb method and may add smoothingalgorithms in the future to produce more pleasing results.

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Setting the projection type

Selecting the projection menu item from the settings menu will activate a dialog box that willallow you to select either an equal-area or equal-angle projection for the stereonet diagram. Theequal-area and equal-angle projections correspond to Schmidt and Wulff nets respectively.Equal-area projections are used for large data sets (>50 observations) in structural geology toremove effect of the apparent higher density of random points near the center of the projection.The equal-angle projection is used to preserve the true angular relationship between elementsplotted on the net. For example, a conical surface will project as a perfect circle if it intersects thelower hemisphere of a equal-angle projection.

Setting the stereographic grid density

Selection of the Stereographic grid option under the Settings menu will activate a dialog thatenables you to choose the density of the stereographic grid. The settings will be either a coarsegrid where 10 degree spacings are plotted for small and great circles. If the fine setting is chosen,the grid will have 2 degree spacings over most of the stereonet. In either case, the 10 degreesmall and great circles are plotted in a heavier line weight. The color of the stereographic griddefaults to a light gray and will plot with the diagram if it is active. The color of the grid may beset with the diagram colors menu selection under the Settings menu. Whether or not the grid isplotted is controlled via the diagram plot type menu option under the Settings menu.

Setting the units type for the plot

Selecting the units menu item from the settings main menu item will allow you to interactivelyselect the units for sizing objects in the stereonet diagram, either inches or centimeters. Whenchanging between units you should adjust the radius value to produce a reasonable diagram size.The radius value edit box will automatically convert from one unit system to another to keep thediagram the same size when switching between inches and centimeters. You may also type anyvalue desired into the edit box before selecting the "OK" button in the dialog.

If you add "radius=" and/or "units=" commands to data files you should be aware thatuncoordinated usage of these commands can produce undesirable results. Remember thatNETPROG scans the data grid from top to bottom when processing data. If a radius or unitscommand is encountered, the setting is changed accordingly. A units command inserted at the topof the file will have no effect if there is another below it in the data file.

Setting the font

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Figure 14: Example of font selection dialog.

Selecting the select font menu itemfrom the settings menu allows thefont typeface for the plot to beselected from all of the windowssystem fonts (Figure 14). It isrecommended that a scalable font beselected, such as TrueType fonts, sothat hard copy output will match thevideo screen view. The size (height)of text objects on the diagram canbe controlled by editing the“NETPROG.INI”, or by selectingthe Settings > Text size and lineweight menu option. By selectingthe text size and line weight optionyou can set the line width of thediagram elements, and the height ofthe text labels used in various portions of the diagram. The point size and color setting in theFigure 14 dialog has no effect in NETPROG. The color and size of data and annotation text iscontrolled by commands inserted in data or annotation grid windows.

Determining the data format

Selection of the data format menu option will present a dialog where one of several data formatsmay be selected with a series of radio-type buttons (Figure 15):

• Planar quadrant (Ex. N 30 E 55 E)

• Linear quadrant (Ex. S 34 W 15)

• Planar azimuth (Ex. 315 33 W)

• Linear azimuth (Ex. 135 22)

• Directional angles in degrees (Ex. 92.06 109.78 19.89)

• Directional angles in radians (Ex. 1.607 1.916 0.347)

• Rake angle plus planar quadrant (Ex. 30 N N 40 E 35 E)

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Figure 15: Example of data format dialog.

Figure 16: “Plot Type Settings” dialog box.

Selecting one of the above sets the currentdata format for the data in the data griduntil it is overridden by a "DataType="command in the data stream. Care must betaken to match the data format typed in thegrid to the selection in this dialog. The"Insert settings" button in the data grideditor will insert this setting (along withothers) into the data grid. For more detailedinformation on data grid file commands seethe description of embedded data filecommands.

Setting the plot type for the stereonet

This menu item allows the user to selectone of the following display formats for thestereonet diagram:

• Points

• Contours

• Combo (points andcontours)

• Rose

With the points format, dataelements are plotted either as pointmarkers or great circles as set bydata section commands in the datafile. This format is best for smalldata sets. The contours displayformat is best for large data sets andcontours the data concentrationbased on a percentage of the total data per 1% surface area of the lower hemisphere. The user cancontrol the contour intervals from the contour levels menu item. The combo combined formatplots data as individual markers and as contoured concentration density. The rose format plots a

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Figure 17: Contour levels dialog box.

standard "rose" type diagram where data azimuth direction concentration is plotted as a type of"pie" chart. In addition to the fundamental plot types above, the final diagram may be"fine-tuned" via a series of check boxes that switch the following parameters on or off (Figure16):

• Stereographic grid on/off

• Counting nodes on/off

• Plot lower labels on/off

• Plot azimuth tic mark labels on/off

• Plot azimuth tic marks on/off

• Plot counting nodes as percent on/off (off=raw counts)

• Plot number of data legend on/off

• Plot percent concentration color shading on/off

• Plot user geometry handles on/off

You may control both the contour intervals and shading colors through the contour levels menuitem. The shading intervals willmatch the contour intervals innumber and value range.

Setting the contour base andinterval

Selecting the contour settings menuitem (Figure 17) from the settingsmain menu item allows the user toset the start (base) and intervalcontour values. The initial valuesare always 1% for both the startvalue, and the contour interval.

You can change these values to anyvalue by tabbing between edit cells

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Figure 18: Example of text size & line weight dialog.

and typing in appropriate numerical values. Alternatively, you may select the Equal intervalsbutton to select equal intervals based on the range between the minimum and maximum percentconcentration node. The program is set to calculate 9 intervals in this mode. You can also set thecontour levels by selecting a starting contour level, and then a contour interval. This is most oftenused when comparing data sets composed of very different total sample quantities, or when lessthan the maximum of 9 possible contour levels is desired.

The shading color values may be automatically set by the gray-scale or color buttons. You canalso select shade colors individually by double clicking on a the row cell that you wish to change.Shade colors may also be set with hexadecimal typed numbers in the form $00RRGGBB wherethe R,G, and B characters are hexadecimal digits specifying the red, green and blue channelintensity. For example, maximum green would equal $0000FF00. Because of the way in whichshading is generated, the shading colors will generally but not exactly delineate areas betweenadjacent contour lines. To turn color shading on or off, see the "Plot type" topic.

Controlling the diagram textheight and line weight

The selection of the Settings > Textsize and line weight menu item willactivate a tabbed dialog where theuser may set the values of thefollowing in the current units. Notethat most of these value are definedas a proportion of the current radiuslength. For example, if the data sizeproportion = 0.05, and the radius =3.5, the size of data points on a hardcopy print will be 0.05*3.5 = 0.175current units. Position offsets beloware also proportions of the radius,and they refer to the position of thecenter of the baseline of that text.Unless otherwise noted, this is trueof all of the below items:

• Tab Group 1 Data size proportion of the

radius length. Title height proportion. Title position offset proportion.

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Figure 19: Diagram color control dialog.

Contour legend height proportion. Contour legend text offset. Number of data legend text height proportion

Number of data legend text position offset proportion. Counting node text height proportion. User element text label height proportion

• Tab Group 2 Cross hair size proportion. Azimuth tic size proportion. Cardinal direction text height proportion. Light line work default thickness. Heavy line work default thickness. Medium line work default thickness. Contour line width proportion. User-defined line width. Statistical least-squares geometry line width.

• Tab Group 3 Eigen vector geometry symbol line width proportion. Eigen vector text label height proportion. Eigen vector geometry line width proportion. Data geometry line width proportion. Rose diagram increment in degrees. Azimuth tic marks width proportion.

Controlling diagram colors

The Diagram colors menu selection under theSettings menu (Figure 19) allows the user tochange the color of the diagram in several ways. The items that are controlled via this menu are:

• Stereographic grid color

• Eigen vector symbol color

• Statistical least-squares geometry color

• Selected item color

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Figure 20: Example of cursor formatcontrol dialog.

• Rose diagram interior fill color

• Contour line color

• Azimuth tic mark color

Double-clicking on a row, or selecting <F2> on any row activates the operating system colordialog for selection of a color.

Setting the cursor status format

Selecting the Cursor Format menu item allows the userto set the attitude format of the current position andanchor reported by NETPROG in the lower status bar(Figure 2). The format may be selected from thebelow list:

• plunge, quadrant bearing (ex. 30,N45W)

• strike and dip (ex. N45E, 60SE)

• plunge, azimuth bearing (ex. 30,315)

• alpha, beta, and gamma angles in degrees(128,49,68)

All of the formats above except the strike and dipoption report the position of the cursor on the diagram,whereas the strike and dip format reports the attitude of the plane whose pole is located at thecursor position. The cursor position is automatically updated when the pointing device is moved.A left-click of the mouse will set an anchor point that is also updated in the status line. Theanchor position can be used to calculate geometries such as the plane common to two points, oras the rotation axis of the data set.

View Menu

The view menu is used to control the way that the main graphical window is displayed. Withinthe main window the diagram can be zoomed in or out, or scrolled in any direction for example.

Redrawing the diagram window

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In some cases it may be necessary to refresh the graphics window by forcing the program toredraw all elements of the plot. Select the redraw option from the view main menu item.

Specifying a numerical zoom factor

The zoom factor menu item of the view menu will allow the user to specify a specific numericalzoom factor. Numbers greater than 1.0 will expand the image beyond the initial diagram size,while numbers less than 1.0 will shrink the diagram. The magnification/reduction operatessymmetrically about the center of the diagram. You should use this command when you need tosee more detail on a complex diagram. Use zoom extents to return to the default size.

Zooming to the window extents

This menu item will "zoom" the contents of the diagram to fit within the program screen windowsuch that all of the diagram will be visible. NETPROG saves the zoom factor to theNETPROG.INI file every time the program is exited, therefore, you may want to zoom extentsbefore exiting the program.

Setting the grid and snap values

The draw grid menu item under the view menu item allows the user to specify a visual gridreference to be plotted on the video screen, and optionally set a "snap" mode for user-generatedelements so that, for example, text annotation may be precisely aligned at specific horizontaland/or vertical intervals. The grid marks are composed of "cross" markers. The user may controlboth the spacing between the marker centers, and the size of the markers in this dialog. Turningon the snap mode is very useful for aligning text in a legend, for example. When the snap modeis set, "blip" marks will appear at the actual location clicked on by the left mouse button, but thecoordinates fed to drawing routines will be rounded to the nearest grid mark increment.

Panning the current drawing window

The pan drawing menu item of the view menu will allow the user to shift or "pan" the currentdiagram within the program window. It is usually necessary to combine a pan with a zoom factorcommand to blow up the view dimensions of a particular portion of the stereonet diagram. Youshould first pan the diagram so that the portion that you wish to view in greater detail is near thecenter of the window, and then use an appropriate zoom factor to blow up the diagram. If desiredportions of the diagram are outside the current view window, pan again to bring them into view.When this menu item is selected, the mouse cursor reacts by taking on the shape of a cross. Clickthe left mouse button and hold it down while moving the mouse pointer in the direction that youwish to drag the diagram. A "rubber-band" line displays dynamically to indicate the shift vector.

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After a pan operation is complete, the mouse cursor goes back to the default arrow shape.Remember that you must first select pan mode from this menu, and then move the mouse withthe left button held down to produce the pan vector (i.e. the "rubber-band" line).

Displaying the annotation grid editor

Selecting the “Annotations grid” option will display the annotations grid window. If any use-defined annotations have been created they will be displayed as a row in the window. See Figure5 for an example of the layout of the annotation grid.

Displaying the data grid editor

Selecting this menu item will "popup" the data grid editor, a spreadsheet-like editor consisting ofthree editable columns and essentially unlimited rows:

Data/Command Sample I.D. Notes

Data such as bedding or foliation attitudes are typed into the Data/command column, whilesample I.D. and notes are optionally entered into the 2nd and 3rd columns. Optional commandsto specify data type, title, radius value, etc. may also be entered into column 1. For moreinformation, refer to the topic embedding commands in a data file.

Navigation between cells in the data grid is accomplished with either the mouse or with cursorkeys. When a cell is highlighted, typing <F2> or double-clicking the left mouse button will allowediting of the cells. To add data simply add a new row at the current cursor position by selectingthe insert row menu or button item. See Figure 4 for an example of the data grid.

Displaying the statistical results window

Selecting statistical results from the view main menu activates the display of the currentstatistical results window. This window is movable, and can be re-sized with the pointing device.Among other items, the window contains relevant statistical data such as the standard deviation,chi square, attitude of fit geometry, and number of data used for statistics. The values arecalculated for the most recent statistical fit geometry.

Displaying the Statistical Fit Histogram

Activating this menu option allows the user to turn on/off viewing of the statistical fit histogram.This provides a graphical representation of how well the data fit the chosen least-squaresstatistical geometry (vector, cylindrical, or conical). The primary value of this histogram is that itallows the user to evaluate how closely the data are normally distributed about the least-squares

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geometry. A normal distribution would form a “bell-shaped” curve if a line where drawn throughthe midpoints of the tops of the bars in the histogram. A perfect “Bell” curve (i.e. Gaussian) isdrawn on the histogram for reference (see Figure 1). The Chi-square statistic reported in thestatistical results window provides a numerical measure of how closely the data approach a“Normal” distribution: a value less than the critical value (in parentheses) is considered a normaldistribution. If the data are normally distributed, standard parametric statistical analyses may bemade. For example, if a standard deviation of 5 degrees where obtained on a Cylindrical least-squares fit then parametric statistics would predict that 95% of the data set would fall within a“belt” that is 2 standard deviations (5 x 2 = 10 degrees) on either side of the Cylindrical girdleplane.

Draw Menu

The “Draw” menu contains options for creating user-defined annotations that are plotted on thestereonet diagram. Each item on this menu will create a annotation element that is automaticallyinserted into the annotation grid. Before selecting the below “Draw” menu options the usershould prepare by anchoring the placement of the annotation element with a left-click. A “blip”cross will then appear at the position of the anchor point. This is true whether the point is insideor outside the primitive circle. If a snap grid is in effect the placement of the anchor will beaffected. Use the below table as a guide:

Draw Geometry Anchors Notes Text 1 The anchor point sets the start point for text.

If the anchor is inside the primitive, theplunge & bearing is used, XY coordinatesotherwise.

Great Circle 1 The anchor point should be inside theprimitive, and sets the pole to the greatcircle. The default attitude used in the dialogis the strike & dip of the great circle.

Small Circle 2 The first anchor point (next to last left-click)is a point on the small circle surface. The 2nd

anchor (last left-click) is the axis of thesmall circle. The apical angle of the smallcircle is set by the angle between the 2anchors.

Great Circle Arc 2 The first anchor is the start point of the arc,the 2 anchor is the end of the arc. Thend

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selection of the anchor points should be sothat the direction from anchor 1 to 2 iscounterclockwise as viewed in the down-plunge direction of the pole to the arc.

Small Circle Arc 3 The 3 anchor points should set the axis,start, and end of the small circle arcrespectively. The apical angle is set by theangle between the axis and start point. Thelength of the arc is set by the angulardistance between the start and end points.The arc will not pass through the end pointunless it is precisely defined to fall on thearc. The start and end points should beselected so that the rotation of the start toend about the axis is counter-clockwise asviewed down-plunge of the axis.

General Arc 2 The 2 anchor points should be the axis andstart point. The dialog allows the user toenter the angular distance of the arc (1 to360 degrees). The small circle are will bedrawn in a counter-clockwise directionstarting at the start point and according tothe angle entered in the dialog. If the arcneeds to be drawn in a clockwise directionuse a negative angle.

Marker 1 The center of the marker symbol is set by theanchor point. The dialog allows the user toenter and place a label about the markersymbol. If the anchor is inside the primitivean attitude is used, if outside the XYcoordinates are used.

Annotating the stereonet with text

Selecting the text item from the draw main menu item allows the user to specify a text label(max. 32 characters) to annotate the diagram. The default position of the text will be the lastanchor “blip” left-click of the pointing device. This position is indicated in X & Y units from the

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Figure 21: Example of drawing a great circle.

center of the stereonet diagram whether you select a point inside or outside the primitive. If theanchor point is inside the primitive, the position of the anchor is also reported in quadrant linearformat. A check box allows you to choose which criteria to use for plotting text- X & Ycoordinates or a quadrant linear attitude. Uncheck the "use XY coordinates" check box if youwish to use attitudes rather than XY coordinates. In either case you do not have to use thecoordinates of the anchor point. You may instead type a pair of X & Y coordinates or quadrantlinear attitude into the respective edit boxes.

Several text formatting options are available. Text labels can be placed inside or outside theprimitive. The label height as aproportion of the radius length canbe specified in this dialog box also.The text label is drawn in thecurrent drawing color indicated inthe status line of the main window.The sets of radio buttons in thisdialog allow you to control thehorizontal and vertical justificationof the text label. When using thisfeature to annotate the diagram, youmay find that it is helpful to activatea drawing grid and snap mode.Make sure that you turn on the pagepreview margins so that you do notplace text outside the printing areaof the output device.

Interactively constructing a greatcircle geometry

Selecting the great circle item fromthe draw main menu item allows theuser to interactively define a greatcircle geometry for annotating thestereonet diagram. The dialog boxactivated by this menu item requeststhe quadrant planar attitude of thegreat circle. The default attitude is set by the last pole position anchor set with the left pointingdevice button. Note that a click of the left mouse button will position a small cross on thediagram termed a "blip" mark. This will be the pole to the attitude listed in the edit box when thisdialog is activated. When you draw the great circle by selecting the "OK" button, the great circle

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Figure 22: Example of drawing a great circle arc.

arc is plotted along with a small cross at the pole to the great circle. Later, if you want to selectthe great circle you must click on the pole cross. The pole “blip” markers do not plot on the hardcopy.

If you select a point outside the primitive a vertical great circle will be plotted perpendicular tothe azimuth of the pointer if the default value is used. You can type any valid quadrant planarformat in the pole attitude edit box. The key combination <Shift>+<Insert> will insert the systemclipboard contents into the edit box. This might be done, for example, after you had solved forthe intersection of two planes).

Interactively drawing a great circle arc geometry

Selecting the great circle arc item from thedraw main menu item allows the user tointeractively construct the arc of a greatcircle (Figure 22). The process works likethis:

1. Select a start point by clicking the leftmouse button at a point inside theprimitive. Note that a "blip" anchor mark inthe form of a small cross will mark theposition of the selected point. The blipmarks are not permanent, and willdisappear when the redraw menu item isselected.

2. select the end point of the arc using theleft mouse button.

3. Select the great circle arc menu itemfrom the draw menu.

4. Verify the attitude position of the startand end points and adjust if necessary.

5. Select the OK button. The arc will thenplot on the diagram.

Note that any two points inside the stereonet define a unique plane. In addition, the anglebetween the two lines can be calculated from the relationship:

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Figure 23: Example of drawing a small circle.

theta = ArcCosine(StartX*EndX+StartY*EndY+StartZ*EndZ)

where [StartX,StartY,StartZ] are thedirectional components of the start point,and [EndX,EndY,EndZ] are the directionalcomponents of the end point of the arc. When selecting two anchor points for thegreat circle arc, be aware that the pointsshould be selected in a counterclockwisesense if one desires that the arc not intersectthe primitive. There are always twopossible great circle arcs that can be plottedthrough a pair of points on the net.Generally, the arc that is desired is the arcwhich does not intersect the primitive. Ifthe two reference points are defined in aclockwise sense around the center of thestereonet, the arc thus defined mustintersect the primitive.

Interactively constructing a small circlegeometry

Selecting the small circle menu item fromthe draw main menu allows the user to plota small circle geometry (Figure 23) withthe current drawing color. The drawingprocedure should proceed as follows:

1. Use the left mouse button to indicate an starting anchor position inside the primitive throughwhich the small circle will pass. A small "blip" mark will appear at this position.

2. Use the left mouse button again to indicate the position of the axis of the small circle. Theapical angle of the small circle will be the angular arc between the position selected in step 1 andthis step.

After selecting these points use the draw > small circle menu option to start the small circledialog box. If the axis and apical angle do not match the values desired you can simply overtypethem at this point. The apical angle should be in the range 0-90 degrees. Select the “OK” buttonto draw the small circle. The procedure will draw the full 360 degrees of the small circle,therefore, if the small circle encounters the primitive circle the continuation of the small circle

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Figure 24: Example of drawing a small circle arc.

will skip to the diametrically opposed position on the primitive. This is a result of the lowerhemispheric projection that NETPROG utilizes.

Drawing the general arc of a small circle

Activating the general small-circle arc itemunder the draw menu brings up a dialog thatrequests the quadrant linear attitude of asmall circle axis, start, and end point. Theapical angle of the small circle is set by theangle between the axis and start point. Anarc is drawn counterclockwise beginning atthe start point position and continuing untilthe plane containing the axis and theendpoint of the arc also contains the endpoint selected with the mouse. Therefore,the end of the arc does not generally passthrough the end point selected with themouse. Consistent with behavior of all ofthe draw routines, the initial quadrant linearattitudes of the three points are set by thelast three left mouse button clicks. Pick theaxis first, then the start point, and then theendpoint with the left mouse button(Figure 24), then activate this menu item.You may freely edit the quadrant linearattitudes in the dialog to more preciselycontrol the arc generation.

Interactively constructing asymbol marker

Selecting the marker menu item from the draw main menu item will allow you to interactivelyplot a symbol marker at the most recently selected pointing device position marked with a leftbutton click. Regardless of whether the selected position is inside or outside of the primitive, theposition is indicated in X & Y values of the current units. Alternatively, you may uncheck the

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Figure 25: Example of marker symbol dialog.

"use X & Y coordinates" check boxand use the linear quadrant positionfor markers inside the primitive.

On the right side of the dialog box acombo box list will contain thename of the current symbol (Figure25). The names are:

• SQUARE

• TRIANGLE

• DIAMOND

• CIRCLE

• CROSS

• SQUARE-F

• TRIANGLE-F symbols ending with -F are filled

• STAR-F

• SQUARE-H

• CIRCLE-F

• CROSS-F

• ERROR-BAR

• DIAMOND-F

• TRIANGLE-H

• SINISTRAL useful for indicating "S" folds for example

• DEXTRAL

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Figure 26: Example of draw color dialog.

Figure 27: The current draw symbol dialogwindow.

• NEUTRAL

• THINCROSS

Select the name of the desiredsymbol (default is a filled circle)from the combo box. The size of themarker is controlled by the "markersize proportion" setting, which isthe size of the marker symbolexpressed as a proportion of theradius in the current units. Forexample, if the radius was set to 3.5inches, and the proportion value of0.01 were entered, the size of themarker would be 3.5 inches x 0.01= 0.035 inches.

You can enter an optional label (32characters max.) that will be plottedwith the marker symbol. Justification of the optional label is handled in the horizontal andvertical justification radio button groups. The height of the text will be 1.5 times the size of themarker symbol unless changed in the NETPROG.INI "UserOptTxtSzProp" setting.

Selecting the current draw color

The current draw color is the color withwhich objects in the draw main menu itemare constructed. The current draw color isindicated in the status line along the bottomof the application window.

You can select colors via the system colordialog (Figure 26) from by clicking on oneof the color boxes on the left half of thedialog, or within the continuous color fieldin the right half of the dialog window.Make sure that you adjust the right-mostintensity slider for the full range of color.

Selecting the current drawing symbol name

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Figure 28: The solve for intersecting planes dialog.

The current draw symbol name is the default symbol used by the draw marker menu item. Thedialog (Figure 27) will present a drop-down combo list box where the user may select from all ofthe possible draw symbol marker names. The default size of the marker may be set here also as aproportion of the radius.

Solve Menu

Selecting items under this menu allows the user to calculate attitude geometry based onpreviously drawn annotation geometry. Most of the “Solve” menu items generate newannotations that are automatically inserted in the annotation grid.

Solution for the line of intersection of two structural planes

NETPROG can solve for the line ofintersection of two structural planesfrom the “Solve > IntersectingPlanes” menu item (Figure 28).This procedure can be used, forexample, to determine the foldhinge formed from the intersectionof two planar limbs. The dialog boxactivated by selection of this menuitem will present the user with threeedit boxes, the left two containingthe last two objects or data selectedwith a right mouse button click. Thetwo object attitudes are presented inquadrant planar formats. The thirdedit box will be blank until thesolve button is selected. The editbox will contain the quadrant linearattitude of the intersection when thesolve button is pressed. You mayovertype the two selected objectattitudes if you prefer to solve for alternative intersecting planes. Note that you should right clickon the pole to the great circle objects to select them. You will probably want to select the strikeand dip format for the cursor status line when selecting the poles. You must have exactly twouser-defined or data objects selected (default is a gray color), otherwise you will receive an errormessage. To toggle the selection mode between user-defined and data objects, see the Edit >Selection mode menu item.

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Figure 29: Dialog window for the “solve for commonplane” menu item.

A typical scenario would be to select two planar fold limbs, and then select the Solve button tofill the solution edit box with the quadrant linear attitude of the intersection. By clicking in thesolution edit box, and marking the answer with the <shift>+<arrow> keys, and then keying in<shift>+<delete> key combo, you can copy the answer to the windows clipboard. If you thenswitch to the data grid editor you can use its Edit > Paste menu item to insert in your data file.Alternatively, if the plot data check box is "checked" (the default), a black, filled circle is insertedas a user-defined element to mark the position of the intersection. If you later insert user elementsinto the data grid, this will save the marker with your data. If you want the solution to be treatedas data, use the windows clipboard to paste the solution as data into the data grid.

If the two selected objects are co-planar, this dialog will trap the error and allow you to re-enterthe attitudes, or cancel to select a different pair.

Solve for plane common to two linear elements that are not coaxial

The “Solve > Common plane”menu item (Figure 29) is designedto solve for the structural plane thatcontains two non-coaxial lines. Touse this menu item you must firstselect two objects within theprimitive. The linear attitude ofthese two objects will appear in thedialog along with a blank edit boxfor the common plane solution. Iftwo objects are not selected, anerror message is generated. Youmay type in any valid linearquadrant attitudes in the left twoedit windows if you already know the two linear attitudes, but the format must be linear quadrant. Selecting the solve button will then cause the answer to appear in the right edit box. A typicalapplication of this menu would proceed as below:

• Draw a marker symbol at the attitude of the first linear element.

• Draw a second marker symbol at the attitude of the second linear element.

• Select the previous two objects with right mouse clicks.

• Choose the "Solve > Common Plane" menu, solve for the common plane, andcheck the "plot data" check box.

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Figure 30: Dialog for the “solve for angle between lines”menu item.

The plotted great circle will pass exactly through the two marker symbols. This procedure can beused, for example, to display the solution to an apparent dip problem.

As with any dialog edit box, if you use the <shift>+<arrow> key combination to mark the answertext, and then type <shift>+<delete>, the answer will be copied to the windows system clipboard.If you switch to, or activate the data file editor, you can then use Edit > Paste menu to paste theanswer into a data file as you construct the data file. You may want to keep NETPROG runningwhile you enter data into a data file for just such occasions when you need to solve for thecommon plane from your field notebook data. Remember that it is not possible to calculate acommon plane from two linear attitudes if they are coaxial. If you attempt to do so, the programwill trap the error and post an error message to the screen. You can then try a differentcombination or cancel. The linear quadrant format must be used in the left two edit boxes, theanswer is always indicated in a planar quadrant format. For more information on quadrant dataformats see data formats.

Note that the check box "plot data" indicates whether or not a user-defined great circle will becreated when you solve for the common plane. If the great circle is created, and you later insertuser elements into the data grid, the great circle will then be saved with the file.

Solve for angle between two linear elements that are not coaxial

The “Solve” > “Angle betweenlines” menu item (Figure 30)allows for the calculation of theangle between two linear elementson the stereonet. The angle mustfirst be defined by "right-clicking"on two non-parallel attitudes on thediagram, and then selecting thismenu item. A typical application ofthis menu item would be to use the“Draw” > “Symbol marker” menuitem to insert two markers on thediagram. Selecting the previous twoobjects with a right-click of themouse, and then choosing this menuwould solve for the angle betweenthe two markers. If the selection mode is set to "Data", you can calculate the angle between twodata objects.

The two linear attitudes that are selected by right-clicking with the pointing device will be the

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Figure 31: Dialog for the “Project by angle in plane” menuitem.

Figure 32: The “Project by rotation” dialog window.

two default linear quadrant attitudesin the dialog box. You may insteadtype a different pair of linearattitudes as long as they are validlinear quadrant attitude. When thetwo attitudes are entered into thedialog, click on the "solve" buttonto solve for the angle between lines.Note that the angle is the magnitudeof the angular arc of a great circlethat contains both linear attitudes.To calculate rake angles you shouldclick consecutively on the strikeline position of the plane (on theprimitive), and then on the linearelement that falls on the great circle. Unlike the other Solve menu items, this dialog does notcreate an element on the stereogram. If you want to copy the solution to the system clipboard,highlight the answer in the solution box and type <shift>+<delete>. You can past this value intothe Draw > Text dialog later to annotate the stereogram with the results of the calculation.

Project by angle in plane

This procedure will calculate theposition of a linear geometry basedon a specified planar attitude, alinear attitude in the plane, and aspecified angle (Figure 31). Thenew position is generated byrotating the line in the plane by theangular amount. The rotation axis isthe pole to the plane. The sense ofthe rotation is counterclockwise asviewed down-plunge the rotationaxis for positive angles. Thegenerated marker is automaticallyinserted into the annotation grid.

Project by rotation

The project by rotation dialog (Figure 32) uses a previously drawn rotation axis and linear

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Figure 33: The “Rotate Date” dialog window.

marker to generate a third linear marker by rotating the existing linear marker around the rotationaxis by a specified angular amount and sense. Positive angles represent counterclockwiserotations. The rotation axis and linear starting point should be drawn and pre-selected beforestarting this dialog. The marker that results from the rotation is automatically inserted into theannotation grid.

Rotation of the data Set

Begin the rotation process by selectingeither a user-defined or data object with theright mouse button to serve as the rotationaxis. Use the "Edit > Selection mode" menuitem to control whether user-defined or data objects are selected. If more than oneobject is selected you will receive an errormessage. You can overtype the attitude inthe rotation axis edit box as long as it is avalid linear quadrant attitude.

Selecting the rotation menu item from thesolve menu will activate a dialog box thatwill request the following values:

• attitude of the rotation axis

• value of the rotation in degrees

All of the above values are entered as degrees. The rotation angle value may be positive ornegative indicating anticlockwise and clockwise rotations respectively. The sense of the rotationcan be visualized with the below steps:

• imagine your viewpoint as the center of the stereonet sphere

• look "down" the plunge of the rotation axis

• positive rotation values rotate data anticlockwise (sinistral)

• negative rotation values rotate data clockwise (dextral)

The edit box value for rotation axis will default to the last object selected with the right pointing

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Figure 34: Statistical fit dialog window.

device button, therefore, if you want to visually select the rotation axis position be sure toright-click onto the object before activating this dialog. You can type in any valid linear quadrantattitude in the edit box to manually specify the rotation axis attitude. The default rotation anglewill be positive 45 degrees.

If you check the "save results to file" check box, you will be prompted for a file name to save theresults of the rotation as a NETPROG data file. You can later load this file as you would anyother file to create stereographic plots. The dialog that is activated when this box is checked willenable you to select the type of plot and the format of the data. You should edit the file in thedata grid editor before plotting to insert the title and other commands.

You can use the "save results to file" in the rotation dialog to convert data from one format toanother. Simply specify a "0" degrees rotation value and check the save to file option. The dialogactivated by the check box will allow you to change the data format for the rotation results file.You could use this capability, for example, to change planar data in quadrant format to azimuthformat. You should use caution with this capability, however, because all data will be convertedto a single format. This could cause confusion if multiple data types (i.e. planar and linear) aremixed together in a single file.

Statistics Menu

The single item under this menu allows theuser to select a least-squares statistical fit tothe data. By default all of the data in the datagrid is incorporated in the statisticalevaluation. If only a subset of the data shouldbe analyzed, the user should make sure thatthe subset is bracketed by a pair of “Stat=on”and “Stat=off” commands.

Calculating and displaying least-squaresgeometry

NETPROG can calculate three fundamentaltypes of least-squares geometry tostatistically analyze a data distribution plottedon the stereonet. The types are:

• No fit

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• Least-squares vector

• Least-squares cylindrical (great circle)

• Least-squares conical (small circle)

In each of the last three cases, the program attempts to fit in a least-squares manner a pre-definedgeometry to the data distribution and calculate a variety of measures that give you feedback as tohow significant the fit is. The most appropriate geometry depends on the data set and the type ofproblem that you are trying to solve. For example, if you need the average attitude of minerallineations you would probably use a vector geometry. On the other hand, if you had a data set ofpoles to bedding and you know from field evidence that bedding is folded, a cylindrical geometrywould probably be more appropriate. The “Plot Eigen vectors” check box will turn on theplotting of Eigen vector markers and calculations.

Below are some references on the subject that may be of some help:

• Davis, John C., 1986, Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology: John Wiley and Sons,New York, 646p.

• Ramsay, John G., 1967, Folding and Fracturing of Rocks: McGraw-Hill, New York,555p.

• Woodcock, N.H., 1977, Specification of fabric shapes using an eigenvalue method: GSABull., v. 88, p. 1231-1236.

Regardless of the chosen geometry, NETPROG will calculate the attitude and plot it on thestereonet diagram. The least-squares vector, cylindrical, and conical geometry will plot as apoint, great circle, and small circle respectively on the diagram. In the upper right corner of thedigram calculation results are plotted:

• Number of data used for statistics

• The attitude of the axis of the geometry • The standard deviation of the fit

• The chi-square value of the fit

• The R-square value of the fit (if cylindrical or conical)

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• The apical angle of the conical surface (if conical was selected)

Note that the number of data used for statistics can be controlled in the data file with a "STAT="command. For conical and cylindrical fold geometries the attitude of the fit refers to a cone axisand hinge respectively. The standard deviation is calculated by comparing the angle relative tothe fit axis of each data vector versus the fit surface for the plane that contains the data vector andthe fit axis. The angle between the fit axis and the surface is the "average" or "mean" angle, whilethe difference between this constant and the data vector-fit axis angle is the deviation from themean. Using this logic, an angular sample standard deviation (degrees) is calculated. Thechi-square value is calculated using similar logic but instead compares the deviations to those ofa Gaussian distribution. Higher values of chi-square indicate larger deviations from a normaldistribution. The critical value for rejection is printed in parentheses to the right of the chi-squarevalue, if the calculated value exceeds the critical value you should not assume that your data setis normally distributed. This is important, because a statement such as "96% of all data will fallwithin two standard deviations of a least-square vector confidence cone" will only be true if thedata is normally distributed as in a gaussian curve. Note that a rejection is based on the degreesof freedom of the least-squares calculation. The way in which a vector is calculated versusconical or cylindrical geometry is fundamentally different and therefore yields a different criticalrejection value. When interpreting the chi-square value also keep in mind that rejection does notnecessarily mean that your data contains many outliers- a data set tightly grouped around the fitaxis will produce a very narrow and tall histogram curve that will also produce a high chi-squarevalue that may be rejected. The R-square value of a cylindrical or conical fit is similar inmeaning to the same value for linear regression. This value indicates the percentage of the dataset variability that is explained by the least-square geometry. A perfect fit would produce aR-square value of 1.0 while random data would theoretically produce a 0.0 R-square value. Inpractice neither value is ever attained except with "ideal" test data sets. Generally R-squarevalues of 0.99 to 0.60 are statistically significant while those below this value are not exceptwhen very large data sets are involved. A very low value of R-square may mean that you shouldconsider another type of least-squares geometry.

Configuration Menu

The menu selections under this menu item control the configuration of NETPROG including thesettings of custom media sizes and margins.

Setting custom page margins

Selecting the custom page menu item of the configure main menu (Figure 35) will allow you tochange the following parameters:

• printer margins (four edit boxes for all four margins).

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Figure 35: Page configuration dialog window.

Figure 36: The “Save Configuration” dialog window.

• page media size heightand width

Enter the custom page size andmargin values as inches. You mayneed to configure the printer driverto use custom page sizes inaddition to NETPROG. Bydefault, NETPROG uses the mediasize and page margins reported bythe default printer driver currentlyinstalled. If no driver is installed,8.5 x 11 inch media with 0.5margins is assumed.

You should set the default values of your printer driver via the “control panel” > “printers” appletwithin Windows. NETPROG reads these values from the operating system, therefore, the valuesset within the operating system will always be the default for NETPROG. You can change thesevalues through the File > Print dialog properties button, but you will have to do this every timethe print dialog is activated if oneof the default settings isinappropriate for NETPROG. Acommon example of this problemis that some older windowsprograms permanently set theoperating system default pageorientation to landscape. For mostprinters NETPROG works best inportrait mode. This problem issolved by using the control panelprinter applet to set the defaultback to portrait mode.

Saving configuration values

Selecting the save configurationmenu item from the configuration main menu item allows the user to save the current settings tothe “NETPROG.INI” file that is usually stored in the “C:\Windows\” folder. When NETPROG islater started, if the program finds this file in the windows system directory, it will read theconfiguration values from this file.

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Help Menu

This menu gives the user access to the NETPROG help file (“Netprog_Help.pdf”) in adobe PDFformat. This file is contained in the “NET.EXE” download archive. The user must correctlyindicate the PDF browser application location and the help file location in the “NETPROG.INI”file before the help file will correctly load from within NETPROG. See the discussion regardingthe help file in the NETPROG setup section at the beginning of this document.

Contents

Selecting this option will load the help file into the PDF browser, which is usually the InternetExplorer web browser using the Adobe PDF reader add-on. The help file is usually loaded fromthe author’s web site so that the latest additions to that file are immediately available, however,the NETPROG.INI file can re-direct to a custom help file if desired. The Adobe PDF reader canbe downloaded freely from the Adobe web site. The Author’s version of the PDF help filemaintained on the web site contains convenient bookmarks that allow the user to “jump” to theappropriate section in the help file.

About

Selecting this menu option provides the user with the NETPROG version number and otherinformation helpful with solving configuration issues.

NETPROG Background Topics

The below topics are helpful in understanding how NETPROG operates when analyzing data, oraccomplishing specific tasks.

Definition of directional angles

Directional angles (alpha, beta, gamma) are a means of specifying the attitude of a line. If thestereonet contains three mutually perpendicular reference axes, the angles alpha, beta, andgamma are the angles that a data vector makes with the respective axes. For NETPROG, thereference axes are:

• positive x axis = due east with zero plunge.

• positive y axis = due north with zero plunge.

• positive z axis = 90 degree plunge .

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The relationship of directional angles to other common attitude formats is straightforward.Azimuth and plunge is used as an example below:

cos(alpha) = sin(azimuth) x sin(90-plunge)cos(beta) = cos(azimuth) x sin(90-plunge)cos(gamma) = cos(90-plunge)

If planar data are to be analyzed, the pole to the plane is converted to azimuth and plunge, andthen to directional angles. NETPROG can read data in the directional angles format, with alpha,beta, and gamma in degrees or radians. A valid combination of alpha, beta, and gamma for asingle data vector must agree (within rounding error) with the below equation:

1 = cos(alpha)cos(alpha)+cos(beta)cos(beta)+cos(gamma)cos(gamma)

When the cosine of the directional angle is taken, the result is referred to as the directionalcosines or directional components. One should imagine each directional cosine as the projectedcomponent of a data vector onto each axis. Inspection of the above equations will verify that adata vector parallel to the x axis will produce directional components alpha=1, beta=0, andgamma=0 respectively. A vector plunging 90 degrees produces components alpha=0,beta=0, andgamma=1. If the data vector were oriented at azimuth=270 and plunge=0, the directionalcomponents would be alpha=-1, beta=0, and gamma=0.

To calculate least-square geometries and eigen vectors, NETPROG must ultimately convert dataorientations into directional components. Since some of the results of calculations are reported indirectional angles, you should be familiar with the concept. Some geological attitude data, forexample universal stage measurements, may actually be recorded and entered into NETPROG asdirectional angle data.

Directional angles are easily plotted on the stereonet manually if required. First label the positiveX, Y, and Z axes on the stereonet overlay for reference (0,N90E; 0,N00E; and 90 plungerespectively). Rotate the +X axis to the north position on the stereonet. Find the small circle atalpha degrees from the +X axis and trace it. Rotate the +Y axis to the north position. Plot thesmall circle at beta degrees from the +Y axis. The two small circles will intersect at the positionof the vector defined by alpha, beta, and gamma. Check your plotting by measuring the anglefrom the solution to the center of the stereonet. This should equal the gamma angle, which isalways 0-90 because of the lower hemisphere projection.

Contents of the NETPROG.INI file

Below are the contents of a NETPROG.INI file that is used to initialize many aspects of theNETPROG program. You can modify the variables in the "Settings" section of the INI file from

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the menus within NETPROG. When you exit NETPROG, the new settings are automaticallysaved to the "netprog.ini" file so that the next time NETPROG is started the new values will beactive. You may edit the INI file with a text editor if you want to manually set the values. Notethat the size and position of most items is scaled as a proportion of the radius value. Thecomments below contained in braces do not actually appear in the INI file:

[Settings] ZOOMFACTOR=0.75 {default zoom factor- use this to control thesize of the diagram on the screen}RADIUS=3.750 {default radius size in current units} PROJECTION=EQUALAREA {default projection}GRID=FINE {default stereographic grid}UNITS=INCHES {default units}FONT=Times New Roman {default font typeface}DATAPTSZPROP=0.030 {default size of data markers as a proportionof the radius} TITLEHTPROP=0.120 {default height of the title}TITLEOFFSETPROP=1.250 {default distance offset of title fromcenter of diagram}CONTLEGENDHTPROP=0.050 {default contour legend height} CONTLEGENDOFFSETPROP=1.125 {default contour legend offsetdistance from center of diagram} NUMLEGENDHTPROP=0.050 {default number plotted legend height} NUMLEGENDOFFSETPROP=1.075 {default number plotted legend offsetdistance}NODESTRHTPROP=0.040 {default node value height}USEROPTTXTSZPROP=1.500 {default user element text label height}CROSSHAIRPROP=0.100 {default diagram crosshair size}TICPROPORTION=0.025 {default tic mark size} THINLNWIDTH=0.005 {thin line width in inches}THICKLNWIDTH=0.025 {thick line width in inches}MEDIUMLNWIDTH=0.015 {medium line width in inches}CONTLNWIDTH=0.015 {contour line width in inches}USERGEOLINEWIDTH=0.010 {user elements line width in inches} STATSLINEWIDTH=0.015 {statistical elements line width in inches}EVSIZEPROP=0.015 {eigen vector symbol size}EVTEXTPROP=0.035 {eigen vector text height}EVLINEWIDTH=0.005 {eigen vector line width in inches}DATALINEWIDTH=0.015 {data geometry line width in inches}ROSEINC=10 {rose diagram increment in degrees} CONTOURCOLOR=$00000000 {contour line color in hex. format} AZTICMARKSWIDTH=0.015 {azimuth tic marks line width in inches} AZTICMARKSCOLOR=$FFFFFFFF {azimuth tic marks color in hex.format} [FILES]

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FILE1=vector.txt {1 most-recently edited file}st

FILE2=cylinder.txt {2 most-recently edited file}nd

FILE3=conical.txt {3 most-recently edited file}rd

FILE4=nap-s1.txt {4 most-recently edited file}th

FILE5=nap-l1.txt {5 most-recently edited file}th

BROWSERPATH=C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe {Helpfile browser path}BROWSERTARGET=http://www.usouthal.edu/geography/allison/w-netprg/Netprog_Help.pdf {Help file browser target}

The “BROWSERPATH” and “BROWSERTARGET’ settings contain the location of a browserapplication (usually Internet Explorer or Adobe Reader) for the NETPROG PDF file(“Netprog_Help.pdf”), and the file location path for the help file respectively.

Using S/C mylonite data to plot shear zone slip vectors

Ductile shear zones commonly contain S/C mylonite surfaces that are measured as planarattitudes. The nature of these two fabric surfaces is such that the slip direction within the shearzone can be determined from the orientation of S (foliation) and C (shear) surface pairs. The slipdirection is within the C surface, and is perpendicular to the line of intersection of S and C.NETPROG has a data format for this type of data so that the C and S surface attitudes may beentered in the data column as a pair of quadrant planar attitudes, and from these the linear slipvector is calculated and plotted on the stereonet. In this manner many observations may bestatistically analyzed for trends in the slip direction in a ductile shear zone.

Plotting a Stereographic Grid for Manual Plotting

Invariably the users of NETPROG will need to generate a stereographic grid for manuallyplotting data in the field. This may be easily accomplished with NETPROG:

1. Start NETPROG with an empty data grid.

2. Set the desired radius and projection type from the “Settings > Radius” and “Settings >Projection” menu.

3. From the “Settings” > “Plot Type” menu dialog window check the box next to “Plotstereographic grid”. This should cause the full 2-degree grid to be drawn in the main window.Un-check the “Plot number of data legend” box.

4. From the “Edit” > “Edit Title” window type in the desired title of the diagram. It is a goodpractice to use “Equal Area” or “Schmidt Net” as the title for an Equal Area projection, and“Equal Angle” or “Wulff Net” for an Equal Angle projection.

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5. Use the “File” > “Print” menu to print the stereographic grid diagram. Use the “options”button to access the printer driver to set portrait mode. Then select the “OK” button to print thediagram.

The printed stereographic grid should appear similar to the Figure 37 example.

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Figure 37: Stereographic grid example.

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SELECTED REFERENCES

Beasly, A.J., 1981, A computer program for printing geometrically accurate structural fabricdiagrams: Computers and Geosciences, volume 7, pages 215-227.

Davis, George H., 1996, Structural geology of rocks and regions: John Wiley and Sons, NewYork, New York, second edition, pages 691-720.

Press, W. H., Flannery, B.P., Teukolsky, S.A., and Vetterling, W. T., 1992, Numerical recipes inPascal: The art of scientific programming: Cambridge University Press, New York, New York,first edition, pages 375-421.

Ramsay, John G., 1967, Folding and fracturing of rocks: McGraw-Hill, New York, New York,555 pages.

Warner, Jeffery, 1969, FORTRAN IV program for the construction of pi diagrams withUNIVAC 1108 computer: Computer Contributions 33, Kansas State Geological Survey, 38pages.

Watson, G.S., 1970, Orientation statistics in the earth sciences: Bulletin of the GeologicalInstitute, University of Uppsala, volume 2, pages 73-89.

Woodcock, N.H., 1977, Specification of fabric shapes using an eigenvalue method: GeologicalSociety of America Bulletin, volume 88, pages 1231-1236.

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