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8/14/2019 Network Foundations Course 09 WeekOne Orientation
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Jeevan
8/14/2019 Network Foundations Course 09 WeekOne Orientation
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ContentCourse Syllabus
Why Networks
Types of Networks
OSI Reference Model
TCP/IP Reference Model
Transmission Media
Ethernet Extension
Data Transmission
Types of Links
Data Switching
Network Topology
IP Address
Subnet Mask
DNS & DHCP
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Course SyllabusWeek OneNetwork basics
Build a smallnetwork
Week TwoNetwork
Programming
Week ThreeRouting
Routing Algorithmsetc
Week FourProject : File Server
JeevanManjunath .
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Why NetworksSharing of Hardware
Sharing of Software
Sharing of Information
Communication
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Types of NetworksLocal Area Network (LAN):Network within a floor/building/campus
Distance: At most a few kilometers
Wide Area Network (WAN):Country-wide or global network
Distance: 100s or 1000s of kilometers
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OSI Reference Model
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TCP/IP Reference Model
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Applicaion
Application
Transport
Internet
Host-to-Network
(Data Link/Physical)
OSI TCP/IP
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Transmission MediaGuided MediaCoaxial CableTwisted pair
Shielded Unshielded
Optical fiber
Unguided Media(wireless)Radio link
Terrestrial microwaveSatellite microwave
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Ethernet ExtensionsRepeaterConnects multiple Ethernet segments
Regenerates the signal (different from amplifier).
Works at Physical layer
HubMultiport repeaters.Signal on any input port is retransmitted on all output ports.
Works at Physical layer
BridgeConnects two parts of a network at the Data Link layer
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Ethernet ExtensionSwitchRepeating signal only on the required output port.MAC address to port number mapping table is build dynamically.
Network management, Virtual LANs.Usually switches works at Data Link Layer Network Layer.
Layer 4 and Layer 7 (Vendor-dependent )
Router
Route data packets between two networks
Works at Network Layer.
Doesnt send broadcast or corrupted packets
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Data TransmissionPoint-to-point linkTwo nodes are connected to each other.
Multi-point link
Broadcasting: Information is sent to all nodes at the same time.
Multicasting: Information is sent to a group of nodes.
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Types of LinksSimplex:Information can be sent only in one direction.
Half-duplex:
Information can be sent in both directionsBut only in one direction at any given time.
Full-duplex:Information can be sent in both directions
simultaneously.
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Data SwitchingCircuit-switched:A channel for data transfer is setup before
communication starts.All resources are reserved.
Packet-switched:Packet is sent to next-hop, where it is stored,
and forwarded to next node.Packets are sent independently through ``store-
and-forward'' mechanism.
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Network TopologiesTopology defines the arrangement of nodes,
cables, and connectivity devices that make upthe network.
Two basic categories:Physical topology:Defines the way the network looks
Logical topology.
Defines the way the data passes among thenodes.
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IP AddressUniquely identify a host on a network.Address convention:Four 8-bit decimal numbers, separated by ``.''
e.g. 144.16.160.2
Has two parts:Net-id and Host-id.
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IP AddressSpecial Addresseshost-id = 0 refers to network rather than a
host.
255.255.255.255 refers to local broadcast.
127.x.y.z is used for loopback address.
Private IP Addresses10.0.0.0 -- 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 -- 172.31.255.255192.168.0.0 -- 192.168.255.255
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Subnet MaskIs to separate Net-id from Host-id
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DNS and DHCPDomain Name ServerIt Maps human readable Domain names to
network friendly IP addresses
DHCPDynamically assign IP addresses
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